一期切开挂线术治疗肛周脓肿305例

采用一期切开挂线术治疗肛周脓肿３０５例，全瓿期治愈，无发生肛瘘及并发症者。作者认为手术成功的关键是正确处理内口及原发灶，良好通畅的切口引流以及合理的术后处理，对提高疗效，防止复发有重要意义。     

ADHD儿童在钟表绘画测验中的执行功能特征

目的研究ADHD儿童在钟表绘画(CDT)测试中体现出的执行功能特征。方法对60例ADHD儿童和60例正常对照儿童进行CDT测试,综合分析两组儿童的大脑额叶执行功能的差异。结果ADHD儿童在CDT测试中的时间总分和构造总分低于对照组(3.23±1.40/4.15±0.78,11.2±1.48/11.90±0.76,t=7.742、5.073,P<0.01)。在给定十字位相标定点(3、6、9、12点)后ADHD儿童的钟面构造得分高于给定标定点之前(11.93±0.95/11.19±1.48,t=5.645,P<0.001),但时间设置评分却没有明显的提高(P>0.05)。结论ADHD儿童CDT测试得分偏低体现了其存在计划性、注意调控功能和工作记忆的缺陷,这些缺陷的核心问题是执行功能的缺陷。     

Characteristics of pain drawings in the neck-shoulder region among the working population

Objectives: The aim was to study the characteristics of pain drawings in the neck, shoulders, and upper-back regions among the general working population. Methods: Pain drawings of the rear view of the neck, shoulders, and upper back were made by 125 middle-aged subjects from the general working population suffering from symptoms, mainly ache and pain, in the neck or shoulder regions. The locations of the markings in each pain drawing were coded to computer files using a transparent grid (878 pixels). The total area, the number of separate loci, and the left-right symmetry were recorded. Symptoms and signs were assessed at a medical examination. Results: The most frequently marked locations in the resulting aggregated topographical diagram covered two palm-sized areas in the neck-shoulder angles, with a symmetrical and even distribution occurring between the left and right sides. Subjects with more chronic or severe symptoms made pain drawings with larger areas. The presence of tenderness in the neck-trapezius region was associated with larger areas and more bilateral and multiple loci. Larger areas with multiple bilateral loci and a more symmetric distribution characterized pain drawings made by women as compared with those made by men. No substantial difference was noted in connection with age or educational level. Conclusions: Pain drawings of neck and shoulder symptoms among the middle-aged general working population most usually focused on the neck-shoulder angles with a symmetrical left-right distribution. The number of separate symptom loci and their total area, left-right distribution, and symmetry were characteristics associated with symptom chronicity and severity or signs of tenderness in the neck-trapezius region. Received: 16 September 1998 / Accepted: 23 September 1998     

再结晶退火IF深冲钢板的微观组织特征

对75%冷轧变形量、1mm板厚的IF钢板施以不同温度相同保温时间的退火处理。采用金相组织观察、x射线衍射和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等实验手段,研究了不同温度退火条件下,IF钢板的显微组织和主织构演变规律及晶界的差取向分布特征。     

不同厂家生产的盐酸曲马多缓释片整片与半片的三维释放特性考察

目的:对不同厂家(A、B、C)的盐酸曲马多缓释片的整片与半片进行pH-时间-释放度考察,探讨整片与半片体外释放机制的差异.方法:转篮法,用紫外分光光度法检测,描绘其三维释放图像,将释放数据用相似因子法、Peppas方程进行分析.结果:在同一pH条件下,A、C的整片与半片释放曲线不相似,释放机制也不相同;B的整片与半片释放曲线相似,释放机制相同.结论:不同厂家盐酸曲马多缓释片整片与半片的体外释放不尽相同.     

Energy Consumption for the Desalination of Salt Water Using Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels as the Separation Agent

The energy consumption for a novel desalination approach using charged hydrogels under externally applied pressure is experimentally measured and calculated. The salt separation is based on a partial rejection of mobile salt ions caused by the fixed charges inside the polyelectrolyte network. Self‐synthesized and commercial poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels are used to study the desalination performance in reference to sodium chloride solutions within the concentration range of 0.1–35 g L⁻¹. The influence of various synthetic parameters, such as the degree of crosslinking (DC) and the size and shape of the particles, is investigated. Furthermore, the effect of process parameters including the amount of the feed solution, the applied pressure profile, and the swelling time of the hydrogel is discussed. The best energy estimation found so far, is 8.9 kWh m⁻³ fresh water if a poly(acrylic acid) with a DC of 5 mol% is used in an infinite large salt bath.     

一例曾两次拔管后喉痉挛患者成功拔管的体会

喉痉挛（laryngospasm）指喉部肌肉反射性痉挛收缩,使声带内收,声门部分或完全关闭而导致病人出现不同程度的呼吸困难甚至完全性的呼吸道梗阻,本文遇到一例曾两次拔管后出现严重喉痉挛、声门闭合、接近心跳骤停意外,第三次成功拔管患者,现将救治经过与体会介绍如下。1病例介绍患者,刘XX,男,60岁,汉族,以＂咳嗽,咳痰三年伴呼吸困难一年,加重三天＂为主诉于2014年4月9日入ICU,诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病,呼吸衰竭,酸碱平衡紊乱，入院时血气分析PH7．31PC0275 mmHg PO245 mmHg HC03-37．8mmol／L，给予抗炎、平喘、呼吸兴奋剂治疗，于4月14日患者呼吸困难加重给予评吸兴奋剂治疗效果不佳，行呼吸机辅助呼吸，曾两次拔出气管插管后出现严重喉痉挛，复插管。于4月24日第三次拔出气管插管，25日转至呼吸内科病房。     

Larger pain extent is associated with greater pain intensity and disability but not with general health status or psychosocial features in patients with cervical radiculopathy

Pain as a result of cervical radiculopathy (CR) can be widespread, nondermatomal and individually specific, but the association between pain extent and other clinical features has never been explored. The objective of this study is to investigate whether pain extent relates to clinical variables including pain intensity in addition to health indicators including disability, general health, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies or self-efficacy.An observational cohort study was conducted. Participants were recruited from 4 hospital spinal centres in Sweden. Pain extent was quantified from the pain drawings of 190 individuals with cervical disc disease, verified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and compatible with clinical findings (examined by a neurosurgeon), that show cervical nerve root compression. Pain extent was evaluated in relation to neck pain, arm pain, and headache intensity. Multiple linear regression analysis were then used to verify whether pain extent was associated with other health indicators including disability, health-related quality of life, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies and self-efficacy.Pain extent was directly related to neck, arm and headache pain intensity (all P < .01). Multiple linear regression revealed that pain extent was significantly associated only to the level of perceived disability (P < .01).Increased pain extent in people with CR is associated with higher headache, neck and arm pain intensity, and disability but not measures of general health, depression, somatic anxiety, coping strategies or self-efficacy.