WHAT KIND OF BENEFIT DO WE EXPECT FOR PERORAL PANCREATOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS?

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) of the pancreas is characterized by slow growth and a relatively favorable prognosis, however, invasive cancer originating in an IPMT is associated with a poor prognosis. Although various parameters in imaging modalities have been advocated to differentiate between benign IPMN and malignant ones, it is not easy to obtain definite diagnosis based on these parameters. Peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) allows a clear and direct visualization of the pancreatic duct, providing useful information regarding tumor nature in IPMT. The authors have studied the usefulness of POPS in the diagnosis of IPMT. Nevertheless, its usefulness is not necessarily widely accepted and the significance of POPS is still controversial. In this review, the authors intended to address the diagnostic value of POPS and to clarify its role in the diagnosis of IPMT. The authors think treatment of IPMT can be improved by introducing POPS because the determination of surgical procedure as well as the area of resection based on the preoperative diagnosis of the involvement of the main pancreatic duct and branch duct is inevitable.     

Primary malignant melanoma of the bladder

Primary malignant melanomma of bladder is extremely rare: 18 cases are reported to date. An 82 year-old man underwent trans-urethral resection of bladder for a bleeding tumor of the posterior wall. Histological diagnosis was melanoma of the bladder. There was no history of previous or regressed cutaneous malignant melanoma. Margins of the bladder lesion contained atypical melanocytes similar to those commonly seen in the periphery of primary mucous membrane lesions. Clinical studies and radiological examinations were negative for other primary site of melanoma. The patient had a bladder recurrence that was consistent with primary tumor and died of widespread disease 9 months after diagnosis.     

18F-FDG与18F-FLT PET/CT延迟显像对肺结节诊断效能的评价

目的 通过对多中心、前瞻性研究中接受了18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)与18F-脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(FLT)延迟显像病例的分析,探讨18F-FDG与18F-FLT延迟显像对肺结节诊断的效能.方法 6个PET/CT中心,从2006年1月至2007年6月,按照统一标准,采用同机型、同一扫描条件,开展了肺结节样病变18F-FLT和18F-FDG PET/CT显像的多中心临床研究.在经确诊的55例病例中,25例患者进行了18F-FLT显像和延迟显像,34例患者进行了18F-FDG延迟显像.按常规计算延迟显像时病灶最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)及与早期显像时SUVmax相比的变化率(△SUVmax).对照临床确诊结果分析其诊断效能.采用SPSS11.0软件进行统计学处理.结果 18F-FDG延迟显像患者中,6例肺癌中5例、12例结核中9例、16例炎症或其他良性结节中9例的SUVmax较早期相升高.18F-FLT延迟显像组中,7例肺癌中3例、8例结核中3例和10例其他良性病灶中2例的SUVmax上升.经分组统计分析,不同疾病组间18F-FDG延迟显像SUVmax和△SUVmax差异无统计学意义;18F-FLT延迟显像SUVmax和△SUVmax组间差异也无统计学意义.无论18F-FDG还是18F-FLT,延迟显像的诊断效能均不如早期相.无论早期还是延迟显像,单独18F-FDG或18F-FLT显像的诊断效能均不如二者联合应用.结论 18F-FDG和18F-FLT延迟显像的SUVmax变化规律性不强,不宜单独应用于肺结节的鉴别诊断.     

Benign schwannoma of the pancreas

Reported cases of intrapancreatic schwannomas have recently increased in the literature. However, none of these cases were diagnosed clearly as schwannoma preoperatively. We herein describe the clinicopathologic findings of a solitary benign schwannoma occurring in the head of the pancreas. Additionally, the differential diagnosis versus other cystic- and solid-appearing pancreatic masses is briefly discussed.     

性别差异对脓毒症大鼠肝脏Toll样受体4和髓样分化蛋白-2基因表达的影响

目的探讨性别差异对脓毒症大鼠肝脏组织Toll样受体4(TLR4)和髓样分化蛋白- 2(MD-2)基因表达的影响。方法以脂多糖(LPS)按5 mg/kg体重由大鼠腹腔注射制作脓毒症动物模型,注射后2 h留取肝脏组织检测TLR4、MD-2和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因表达,同时测定各组大鼠血浆中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及雌二醇含量。结果正常雌雄性大鼠肝脏组织均可表达少量TLR4、MD-2、TNF-α基因,其中雌性组分别为0．175±0．034、0．211±0．044、0．201±0．068; 雄性组分别为0．205±0．061、0．243±0．049、0．243±0．063,两组数据差异无统计学意义(P> 0．05),但LPS刺激后雌性大鼠肝脏组织上述指标分别为0．615±0．089、0．708±0．181、0．730± 0．118,血浆中ALT含量为(81．07±10．72)U／L;雄性组分别为0．723±0．091、1．123±0．272、 0．881±0．156,ALT含量为(106．39±14．21)U／L,雌性组各项指标均明显低于雄性大鼠(P< 0．05)。相关分析表明雌性及雄性脓毒症大鼠肝脏组织TLR4及TNF-α基因表达与相应性别大鼠血浆中雌二醇含量呈显著负相关(P<0．05)。结论 LPS刺激后大鼠肝脏组织TLR4、MD-2及 TNF-α基因表达存在性别差异,内源性雌激素的作用可能导致雌性脓毒症大鼠肝脏组织损伤较雄性轻。     

An Integrated Technique for Identification of Differential Genes Expressed in Patients with Cancer

Summary: To develop a method for identification of differential gene expression between different cell populations, several convenient techniques of molecular biology, including subtractive hybridization, suppression PCR, T/A cloning and sequencing, were used to identify genes expressed differentially in CD45^- and CD45^- cells isolated from U266 cell line of multiple myeloma. Our results showed that the levels of abundant genes scale down 20 times through subtractive hybridization.Plasmid DNA from CD45^- cell clones was hybridized with forward or backward cDNA probes synthesized from CD45^- and CD45 cells, respectively. A few of differentially expressed genes reconfirmed by RT-PCR were identified from 500 expressed clones of CD45^- cells. It is concluded that a strategy for gene expression identification developed from conventional molecular biological methods can be used in different laboratories.     

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Varicelliform Eruption over the Entire Skin

A boy with skin eruptions resembling varicella and specific for Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is reported. At his initial visit when he was four months old, vesiculopustular lesions were present over the entire body; these had first appeared on the third day post partus. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopical examination confirmed the Langerhans cell phenotype and Birbeck granules in the responsible cells. He also had hydronephrosis, recurrent fever, and cutaneous bacterial infections. His parents refused further medical treatment and he died of diarrhea with cachexia about two years later. LCH may present diagnostic difficulties by manifesting as a skin eruption which resembles varicella.