门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的外科治疗探讨

目的探讨门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的外科治疗方法及其疗效.方法对(1999-2000)年本科收治的34例门脉高压症断流术后上消化道再出血的病人行外科治疗及疗效分析.其中肝功能Child A组10级,B级18例,C级6例.治疗前钡餐或胃镜检查确诊.结果有14例行非手术外科治疗,2例经药物治疗止血;4例行胃镜下食道静脉套扎(EVL)止血,效果较好;6例行食管胃底曲张静脉脉硬化剂注射,2例行三腔二囊管止血,疗效不确切,再出血率62.5%(5/8).20便行手术治疗,9例行肠腔分流,2例(2/9)术后再次发生上消化道出血;术中食管胃底曲张静脉缝扎1例,食管胃底曲张静脉硬化剂注射2例,术后均再次出现上消化道出血;贲门血管再次离断2例,改良食管下段横断术3例,术后近远期疗效均可;贲门周围血管离断加肠腔分流水2例,术后有1例上消化道再出血.结论胃镜下食道静脉套扎术在非手术止血中效果较好,适合于不不宜手术的病人.手术治疗常选肠腔分流.对前次断流不彻底需再次断流,再次断流门静脉压仍高,则考虑行断流加分流.     

断流术并吻合器横断食管治疗食管曲张静脉出血疗效观察

目的探讨采用断流术并吻合器横断食管治疗门静脉高压症所致食管曲张静脉破裂出血的手术方法和临床效果。方法对48例包括急性出血期急诊手术22例,有出血病史作择期手术的19例和无出血病史作预防性手术的7例,经腹采用吻合器横断食管下段同时进行食管下段及贲门周围血管的选择性离断,观察其近期和远期止血效果。结果术后近期和远期止血效果都比较满意。结论该手术为食管下段横断和对食管下段与贲门周围血管选择性离断的联合应用,术中使用一次性吻合器进行食管下段的横断与吻合,使手术方法简便快捷,可减少手术创伤。     

断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的疗效观察

目的探讨断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症并发食道、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)的临床疗效。方法断流术治疗EVB 56例,观察其近期临床疗效,并随访0.5-5年,了解远期疗效及预后。结果56例患者近期治愈52例,治愈率92.86%,近期死亡4例(7.14%)。52例患者随访最短半年,最长5年。曲张的食道、胃底静脉消失者37例(71%)、好转12例(23%),再出血3例(6%)。结论断流术治疗EVB即时止血率高,近期及远期疗效满意,有一定的远期再出血率。     

Indocyanine green retention is a potential prog-nostic indicator after splenectomy and pericar-dial devascularization for cirrhotic patients

BACKGROUND: Splenectomy and pericardial devasculariza-tion (SPD) is an effective treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypersplenism in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Indocyanine green retention at 15 minutes (ICGR15) was reported to offer better sensitivity and speciifc-ity than the Child-Pugh classiifcation in hepatectomy, but few reports describe ICGR15 in SPD. The present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of ICGR15 for cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension who underwent SPD.
METHODS: From January 2012 to January 2015, 43 patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism caused by liver cirrhosis were admitted in our center and received SPD. The ICGR15, Child-Pugh classiifcation, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, and perioperative characteristics were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS: Preoperative liver function assessment revealed that 34 patients were Child-Pugh class A with ICGR15 of 13.6%-43.0% and MELD score of 7-20; 8 patients were class B with ICGR15 of 22.8%-40.7% and MELD score of 7-17; 1 patient was class C with ICGR15 of 39.7% and MELD score of 22. The optimal ICGR15 threshold for liver function com-pensation was 31.2%, which offered a sensitivity of 68.4% and a speciifcity of 70.8%. Univariate analysis showed preopera-tive ICGR15, MELD score, surgical procedure, intraoperative blood loss, and autologous blood transfusion were signiifcant-ly different between postoperative liver function compensated and decompensated groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ICGR15 was an independent risk factor of post-operative liver function recovery (P=0.020).
CONCLUSIONS: ICGR15 has outperformed the Child-Pugh classiifcation for assessing liver function in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. ICGR15 may be a suitable prognos-tic indicator for cirrhotic patients after SPD.     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt versus open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization for portal hypertension with recurrent variceal bleeding

BACKGROUND: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and open splenectomy and esophagogastric devascu-larization (OSED) are widely used to treat patients with portal hypertension and recurrent variceal bleeding (PHRVB). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness between TIPS and OSED for the treatment of PHRVB.METHODS: The data were retrospectively retrieved from 479 cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh A or B class) with PHRVB, who had undergone TIPS (TIPS group) or OSED (OSED group) between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2014.RESULTS: A total of 196 patients received TIPS, whereas 283 underwent OSED. Within one month after TIPS and OSED, the rebleeding rates were 6.1% and 3.2%, respectively (P=0.122). Significantly lower incidence of pleural effusion, splenic vein thrombosis, and pulmonary infection, as well as higher hepatic encephalopathy rate, shorter postoperative length of hospital stay, and higher hospital costs were ob-served in the TIPS group than those in the OSED group. Dur-ing the follow-up periods (29 months), significantly higher incidences of rebleeding (15.3% vs 4.6%, P=0.001) and hepatic encephalopathy (17.3% vs 3.9%, P=0.001) were observed in the TIPS group than in the OSED group. The incidence of in-stent stenosis was 18.9%. The survival rates were 91.3% in the TIPS group and 95.1% in the OSED group. The long-term liver function did not worsen after either TIPS or OSED.CONCLUSION: For the patients with liver function in the Child-Pugh A or B class, TIPS is not superior over OSED in terms of PHRVB treatment and rebleeding prevention.     

Combined splenocaval or mesocaval C shunt and portoazygous devascularization in the treatment of portal hypertension: analysis of 150 cases

BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension is a common disease and its major surgical therapeutic approaches include devascularization and shunting. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of combined splenocaval or mesocaval C shunt and portoazygous devascularization (combined procedures) on portal hypertension. METHODS: The clinical data of 150 patients with portal hypertension who had undergone combined procedures at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May1990 to May 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The mean free portal pressure (FPP) was 25.6±1.83 mmHg, 18.0±2.07 mmHg and 18.4±2.19 mmHg before operation, after splenectomy plus splenocaval or mesocaval C shunt, and combined procedures, respectively. There was no operative death in all patients. The 1-7 year follow-up of 100 patients showed rebleeding in 3 patients, encephalopathy in 4, thrombosis of artificial vascular graft in 3, and dying from liver failure in 2. CONCLUSIONS: The combined procedures can not only decrease portal pressure but also preserve hepatic blood flow to some extent. It may be one of the best choices for treating portal hypertension in China.     

脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗470例门静脉高压症疗效分析

目的总结脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗不合并肝癌及胆管癌的门静脉高压症患者的疗效。方法对不合并肝癌及胆管癌的门静脉高压症患者行脾切除贲门周围血管离断术并随访470例,其中肝炎后肝硬化436例,占92．8％。结果出血患者424例,手术止血率为993％（421／424）,围手术期病死率为1．4％（6／424）,主要死亡原因是上消化道出血、肝肾功能衰竭;急症及择期手术424例,预防手术46例,预防手术嗣手术期无死亡。平均随访时间4年,出血患者术后复发出血率为3．2％（15／470）,预防手术后无出血,肝性脑病发生率为1．9％（9／470）。结论脾切除贲门周围血管离断术防治门静脉高压症引起的上消化道出血效果好。合理选择手术适应证及手术时机、完全彻底断流、术后早期抗凝及近端脾静脉结扎预防术后肝外门静脉系统血栓形成是提高手术疗效的必要措施。     

Anticoagulation therapy prevents portal-splenic vein thrombosis after splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization

AIM: To compare the incidence of early portal or splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT) in patients treated with irregular and regular anticoagulantion after splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients who underwent splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization for portal hypertension due to cirrhosis between April 2004 and July 2010. Patients were categorized into group A with irregular anticoagulation and group B with regular anticoagulation, respectively. Group A (153 patients) received anticoagulant monotherapy for an undesignated time period or with aspirin or warfarin without low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) irregularly. Group B (148 patients) received subcutaneous injection of LMWH routinely within the first 5 d after surgery, followed by oral warfarin and aspirin for one month regularly. The target prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) was 1.25-1.50. Platelet and PT/INR were monitored. Color Doppler imaging was performed to monitor PSVT as well as the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.RESULTS: The patients’ data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Among the patients, 94 developed early postoperative mural PSVT, including 63 patients in group A (63/153, 41.17%) and 31 patients in group B (31/148, 20.94%). There were 50 (32.67%) patients in group A and 27 (18.24%) in group B with mural PSVT in the main trunk of portal vein. After the administration of thrombolytic, anticoagulant and anti-aggregation therapy, complete or partial thrombus dissolution achieved in 50 (79.37%) in group A and 26 (83.87%) in group B.CONCLUSION: Regular anticoagulation therapy can reduce the incidence of PSVT in patients who undergo splenectomy with gastroesophageal devascularization, and regular anticoagulant therapy is safer and more effective than irregular anticoagulant therapy. Early and timely thrombolytic therapy is imperative and feasible for the prevention of PSVT.     

腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术15例

目的探讨腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法 2010年1月～2012年1月行15例腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,取右侧斜卧位,超声刀自下向上离断脾结肠、脾胃、脾肾及脾膈韧带,游离脾动脉并结扎,线型切割缝合器（Endo-GIA）离断脾蒂,切除脾脏;切割缝合器切断胃左动静脉,继续游离胃周血管直至食道下端6～8 cm,完成断流。结果 12例腹腔镜下完成巨脾切除,3例因难以控制出血中转开腹。手术时间236～318 min,平均267.2 min;术中出血量200～1000ml,平均400 ml;术后住院时间5～12 d,平均7.8 d。1例出现胰漏,带管引流1个月后漏口愈合,无围手术期死亡。15例术后随访6个月,脾功能亢进纠正,钡餐示5例轻度食管胃底静脉曲张,余10例正常,未再出现呕血、黑便等症状。结论严格把握手术适应证,腹腔镜巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全可行。     

腹腔镜脾切除贲门周围血管离断术治疗门脉高压症的临床体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法：回顾分析2012年1月至2013年4月为135例门静脉高压症患者行腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术的临床资料。结果：6例由于术中出血难以控制而中转开腹,129例顺利完成腹腔镜手术。手术时间150～270min,平均（195．9±24．4）min;术中出血量150—1000ml。平均（346．1±112．2）ml;术后住院5—9d,平均（6．3±0．6）d。2例由于术后腹腔出血行二次手术,1例术后腹腔出血非手术治疗。术后发生胰漏1例,肺部感染1例,胸腔积液1例,均经保守治疗痊愈。术后随访3—18个月,均无近期消化道再出血。结论：腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗门静脉高压症是安全、可行的,具有患者创伤小、术后康复快、疗效确定等优点。术前认真选择患者,固定手术组人员,根据术者经验灵活处理各种情况,尤为重要。