经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折

目的探讨经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统(transoralpharyngeal atlantoaxial reduction plate，TARP)在陈旧性齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎脱位中的临床应用。方法对11例陈旧性齿状突骨折引起的寰枢椎脱位患者行经口咽前路松解减压，应用TARP系统复位和固定，两侧寰枢关节间植入自体髂骨融合。结果除1例因跌倒引起螺钉松动再次脱位外，均固定牢固，融合理想，脊髓减压满意。结论经口咽前路寰枢椎复位钢板系统一次完成寰枢椎脱位的复位和固定，是治疗陈旧性齿状突骨折造成的寰枢椎脱位以及其他原因引起的难复型寰枢椎脱位较为理想的手术方法。     

The obliquus capitis inferior myodural bridge

This study was designed to examine the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscle from a gross anatomical perspective. The objective was to isolate and identify the OCI myodural bridge, while examining its course and contributing elements. An earlier study of the posterior cervical spine briefly reported a connection between the OCI and the cervical dura mater. To the best of our knowledge, a study has not yet been conducted specifically on this muscle and its relation to the dura mater. In this study, the suboccipital regions of nine embalmed cadavers were dissected. A total of 14 OCI muscles were isolated for examination. All findings were documented via photograph. Of the 14 OCI muscles isolated, all emitted fibrous tissue bands from the anterolateral portion of the muscular belly. These fibers attached to the posterolateral cervical dura mater by route of the atlantoaxial interspace. The OCI myodural bridge appeared to coalesce with the rectus capitis posterior major myodural bridge, giving the appearance of a single atlantoaxial structure that links these two muscles to the dura mater. In conclusion, the OCI was attached to the dura mater in all of the 14 muscle specimens. We hypothesize that the OCI myodural bridge may play a physiological role in monitoring dural tension and preventing dural infolding. It may also contribute to certain clinical symptoms manifesting from alterations in dural tone. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

不同方式颈椎融合手术对上颈椎Jefferson骨折稳定效果的影响

目的建立人体上颈椎C0～3节段Jefferson骨折有限元模型,分析后路寰枢椎融合(posterior atlantoaxial fusion,PSF)和枕颈融合(occipitocervical fusion,OCF)对颈椎椎体生物力学特性和钉棒系统力传导特性的影响。方法基于CT图像建立人体上颈椎C0～3节段Jefferson骨折模型,依据临床手术方案实施PSF、OCF1和OCF2内固定术,施加50 N集中力和1.5 N·m力矩于枕骨底部,研究上颈椎C0～3节段在前屈、后伸、侧屈和旋转运动时,颈椎椎体的应力分布和关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、钉棒系统最大应力以及椎间盘的应力分布情况。结果 OCF1和OCF2椎体ROM较PSF增加,钉棒应力减少,OCF具有较好的固定效果。结论 PSF、OCF1、OCF2固定术式均可减少上颈椎ROM,重建上颈椎的稳定性,使椎体和椎间盘应力分布趋向正常水平。研究结果可为临床手术方案提供理论依据。     

寰枢椎骨折伴脱位围术期护理对预后结果的影响研究

目的探讨寰枢椎骨折伴脱位围术期护理措施对患者预后的影响。方法选择40例寰枢椎骨折伴脱位患者,按照随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组各20例。所有患者均行后路关节突螺钉固定手术和寰枢椎钛缆固定手术治疗。实验组围术期给予全方位的护理干预。对照组给予一般临床护理措施。比较2组患者术后的临床疗效、并发症的发生情况、住院时间和住院费用。结果护理干预后,实验组患者的JOA评分及各项临床指标均优于对照组(P0.05);护理干预后,实验组患者术后发生并发症的例数均少于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者住院时间为和住院费用均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论围术期给予寰枢椎骨折伴脱位患者全方位的护理干预,能够显著提高临床疗效,降低不良并发症的发生,显著降低住院费用和住院时间。     

Fluoroscopically guided anterior atlantoaxial transarticular screws: a feasibility and trajectory study using CT-based simulation software

Background contextAnterior transarticular screw (ATAS) fixation has been suggested as a viable alternative to posterior stabilization. However, we are not aware of previous reports attempting to establish the usefulness of specific fluoroscopic landmark-guided trajectories in the use of ATAS, and we could find no reference to it in a computerized search using MEDLINE.PurposeTo determine the anatomic feasibility of ATAS placement using defined fluoroscopic landmarks to guide screw trajectory.Study designEvaluation using three-dimensional screw insertion simulation software and 1.0-mm–interval computed tomographic scans.Patient sampleComputed tomographic scans of 100 patients including 50 men and 50 women.Outcome measuresIncidence of violation of the vertebral artery groove of C1 and C2, the spinal canal, and the atlanto-occipital joint and screw lengths and lengths of C1 and C2 purchase.MethodsFour screw trajectories were determined: promontory screw (PS), single central facet (CF) screw, and medial (MF) and lateral (LF) double facet screws. Placement of a 4.0-mm screw was simulated using defined fluoroscopic landmarks for each trajectory. The previously mentioned outcome measures were evaluated and compared for the four trajectories. This study was not supported by any financial sources, and there is no topic-specific potential conflict of interest with this study.ResultsNo violation of the C1 or C2 vertebral artery groove or of the spinal canal was observed for any of the screw types. Screw lengths and the length of C2 purchase were by far the longest for PS (40.4±2.8 and 25.7±2.1 mm, respectively; p<.001 in all post hoc comparisons). The length of C1 purchase was longer for CF (16.4±2.3 mm) and LF (15.8±1.6 mm) than PS (14.7±2.0 mm) and MF (14.6±2.4 mm) (p≤.001, respectively). There was no atlanto-occipital joint violation if the length of C1 purchase was set at 12 mm for CF and LF and at 10 mm for PS and MF.ConclusionsOur results suggest that it may be possible to place ATASs without violating the vertebral artery groove, spinal canal, or the atlanto-occipital joint by using the described entry points, trajectories, and fluoroscopic landmarks.     

颅底凹陷合并难复性寰枢椎脱位术后齿状突下移程度对神经功能影响的临床研究

目的分析颅底凹陷合并难复性寰枢椎脱位术后齿状突下移程度与术后神经功能恢复的关系。方法回顾性分析2010—2018年在我院诊断为颅底凹陷合并难复性寰枢椎脱位并行后路减压治疗的患者19例,其中男10例,女9例;平均(41.89±14.27)岁;病程持续(42.61±70.71)个月。10例合并寰枕融合,7例合并Klippel-Feil综合征,4例合并椎动脉发育畸形,无病例合并小脑扁桃体疝及脊髓空洞等。测量术前及末次随访寰齿前间隙(anterior atlantodental interval,AADI)、斜坡齿突角(clivo-axial angle,CXA)及齿状突上移程度(the distance of the tip of odontoid to the McRae line,McRL),采用日本骨科协会评分(Japanese orthopaedic association scores,JOA)评估神经功能。对JOA评分改善率与齿状突下移率(odontoid descent rate,ODR)、寰齿前间隙变化(△AADI)和斜坡齿突角变化(△CXA)进行相关性分析。结果本组患者获得随访时间10~79个月,平均随访时间(20.42±8.24)个月。术前JOA为(11.21±2.62)分,末次随访JOA为(14.53±2.19)分,平均JOA改善率为(58.75±24.43)%。JOA评分改善率与ODR存在相关关系(R=0.88,P<0.05),与△AADI(R=0.07,P=0.77)及△CXA(R=-0.04,P=0.98)无明显相关性。结论难复性寰枢椎脱位合并颅底凹陷的手术疗效与齿状突复位率相关。     

枢椎支点螺钉设计与其在寰枢椎脱位修复中的应用

文题释义： 寰枢椎脱位：是指先天畸形、创伤、退变、肿瘤、感染炎症和手术等因素造成的寰椎与枢椎(第一和第二颈椎)骨关节面失去正常的对合关系,发生关节功能障碍和(或)神经压迫的病理改变。 枢椎支点螺钉：利用杠杆原理将常规颈椎螺钉的钉槽底部加高,其产生的提拉复位能力较常规颈椎螺钉强,在寰枢椎脱位某些需行经口松解手术中,可应用枢椎支点螺钉的提拉复位能力直接行后路手术,从而避免行经口手术,降低感染、患者痛苦、术中改变体位等造成医源性损害的风险,可广泛应用于寰枢椎后路钉棒内固定。 背景：寰枢椎脱位常需要手术复位,后路钉棒固定融合是最常用的术式,但目前的钉棒固定系统常通过加大连接棒的弯曲度来增加复位效果,导致置棒操作困难,增加了脊髓损伤概率。 目的：评价枢椎支点螺钉应用于寰枢椎脱位治疗的初步效果。 方法：选择2017年1月至2018年12月中国人民解放军南部战区总医院收治的寰枢椎脱位患者11例,其中男4例,女7例,年龄8-51岁,均进行后路钉棒固定融合治疗：在寰椎双侧植入常规颈椎后路螺钉,枢椎双侧植入枢椎支点螺钉。记录手术前后的寰齿前间隙及颈椎JOA评分,术后定期随访复查X射线、CT检测以评价复位、内固定及植骨融合情况。试验方案经中国人民解放军南部战区总医院伦理委员会批准。 结果与结论：①11例患者均顺利完成手术,术中未发生椎动脉及脊髓神经损伤;②术后随访3-12个月,平均6个月,所有患者术后颈部疼痛及神经功能障碍的症状均不同程度改善;所有患者均获寰枢椎间骨性融合,平均融合时间为6个月;③术后1周X射线片及CT检查显示寰枢椎复位满意,内固定位置良好;④11例患者末次随访时的寰齿前间隙明显低于术前[(6.8±1.5),(2.4±0.9)mm,t=17.854,P=0.000],颈椎JOA评分明显高于术前[(14.1±1.3),(15.9±0.9)分,t=-10,P=0.000];⑤随访期间无松动及断裂等并发症发生,无复发脱位;⑥结果表明,在后路钉棒固定融合术中应用枢椎支点螺钉治疗寰枢椎脱位的复位效果良好,临床初步疗效满意。 ORCID: 0000-0002-5790-4030(葛苏) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

小针刀治疗椎动脉型颈椎病30例

[目的]观察小针刀治疗椎动脉型颈椎病的临床疗效。[方法]通过小针刀松解术松解寰枢关节周围软组织的痉挛、挛缩,配合手法治疗,并与西药组进行随机对照。[结果]治疗30例患者中,治愈7例,显效17例,有效5例,无效1例。治愈率23.33%,显效率56.67%,有效率16.67%。临床疗效明显优于西药治疗(P<0.05)。[结论]小针刀是治疗此病比较有效的方法,与西药对照组进行比较具有显著的优越性。     

先天性寰枢椎脱位导致Chiari畸形和(或)脊髓空洞的手术策略

目的 探讨先天性寰枢椎脱位(CAAD)导致Chiari畸形和(或)脊髓空洞的手术策略.方法 收集我科23例CAAD导致Chiari畸形和f或1脊髓空洞患者的手术情况.一期经口齿状突切除前路减压,二期主要行后路枕颈植骨融合术. 结果 一期手术后复查MRI,小脑扁桃体下疝还纳、脊髓空洞缩小19例,无变化4例.术后临床表现明显改善14例,改善5例,无变化4例. 结论 在该类患者中,CAAD是造成小脑扁桃体下疝和(或)脊髓空洞的主要原因.单纯经口齿状突切除前路减压,多可使扁桃体下疝还纳,空洞缩小.后路手术的主要目的是重建颅颈交界处的稳定.