Host–microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling

ABSTRACT

Tryptophan (Trp) is not only a nutrient enhancer but also has systemic effects. Trp metabolites signaling through the well-known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) constitute the interface of microbiome-gut-brain axis. However, the pathway through which Trp metabolites affect central nervous system (CNS) function have not been fully elucidated. AhR participates in a broad variety of physiological and pathological processes that also highly relevant to intestinal homeostasis and CNS diseases. Via the AhR-dependent mechanism, Trp metabolites connect bidirectional signaling between the gut microbiome and the brain, mediated via immune, metabolic, and neural (vagal) signaling mechanisms, with downstream effects on behavior and CNS function. These findings shed light on the complex Trp regulation of microbiome-gut-brain axis and add another facet to our understanding that dietary Trp is expected to be a promising noninvasive approach for alleviating systemic diseases.     

Investigations into the C‐deuteriation of aryl alkyl ketones using urea as a pro‐base in the presence of a deuterium donor

Results are reported on the regioselective C‐deuteriation of a series of enolates derived from the deprotonation of aryl alkyl ketones using dilithiated urea as the pro‐base in the presence of a suitable deuterium donor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

裂解汽油在ZSM-5沸石上的芳构化

采用连续流动反应装置,考察了裂解汽油在HZSM-5与金属元素改性的HZSM-5上的芳构化反应,发现锌改性后提高了液体产物中芳烃的收率。为了克服裂解汽油中含硫含焦杂质的影响,提出了获取芳烃的有效工艺:蒸馏除焦-加氢预脱硫-氢气氛下芳构化反应-冷凝产物。用氨吸附的程序升温脱附法,将催化剂的酸性质与其催化芳构化作用进行关联,认为Zn改性后的HZSM-5催化剂具有较温和的酸中心,可能是其芳构化高活性与高选择性的原因。     

荧光分光光度法测定水产品中烷烃类、芳烃类污染物

目的：对使用荧光分光光度法测定水产品中烷烃类、芳烃类污染物的方法进行验证,并检测三类样品。方法：通过氢氧化钠-乙醇皂化处理,用正已烷萃取,用石油醚溶解,测量萃取物荧光强度值进行定量。结果：测得标准油在0.00～12.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好,相关系数0.9999,检出限为0.2 mg/kg,平均回收率90.2%,RSD5.4%。结论：本法准确度、灵敏度高,检出限低,操作稳定性好。     

Fertilization and early embryology: Effects of persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons on fertility and embryonic development in the rabbit

The commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) formulation Aroclor1260 (4 mg/kg body weight), technical grade dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDT; 3 mg) and Lindane (-hexachlorocyclohexane; 0.8 mg) wereadministered orally, either separately or in combination, tosexually mature female rabbits three times per week for 12–15weeks. Oviductal and uterine luminal fluid, cleavage stage embryos(day 1 post coitum), blastocysts (day 6), fetuses, exocoelicfluid and placentae (day 11) were analysed, firstly for chlorinatedhydrocarbon residues, and secondly for embryonic and fetal development.The doses applied were well tolerated by the treated animals.PCB and DDT accumulated in uterine secretions (day 6) but notin oviductal luminal fluid (day 1). Both chlorinated hydrocarbonswere found in preimplantation blastocysts. Residues in day 11fetuses were 16- (DDT) or 18-fold (PCB) higher than in day 6blastocysts. Significant amounts were also detected in placentaltissue and in exocoelic fluid. A specific accumulation of thehighly chlorinated biphenyl congener no. 180 was noted in fetuses,placentae and exocoelic fluid. The clear accumulation of thechlorinated hydrocarbon compounds in luminal fluid and embryonictissue is contrasted by rather weak effects on fertility. Nostatistically significant differences between treated animalsand controls were observed for fertilization rate and pre- andpost-implantation (up to day 11 post coitum) losses. However,in females exposed to PCB, a 20% higher loss of blastocystswas noticed, as compared with controls (P > 0.05). This effectwas shown on day 6 of embryonic development and may be due tothe embryotoxic activities of PCB.     

芳香烃受体与乳腺癌

芳香烃受体(AhR)是一种配体激活转录因子,可介导多环芳烃类化合物的毒性反应(包括致癌性),还参与一些重要的生物学过程,如信号转导、细胞分化、细胞凋亡等。近年来的研究发现,芳香烃受体在乳腺癌的发生发展中可能通过多种途径起促进作用,其中AhR与ER的抑制性交互应答可能解释为什么化学致癌物为主导致的乳腺癌仍为激素敏感性乳腺癌。以AhR为靶点治疗乳腺癌的实验研究为临床试用提供了依据。     

Duplication of distal 22q

We report on three patients with duplication of distal 22q. One patient is a de novo carrier of the translocation t(21;22) (p13;q11), the other two are offspring of a translocation carrier t(10;22) (q26;q12). The clinical manifestations of these patients demonstrate the variability of the dup(22q) syndrome.     

广州市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的现状及分布情况

目的 了解广州市大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃在不同时间、不同地区内的分布特征。 方法 于2018年在广州市越秀区(市区),从化区(农村)和番禺区(市郊)采集PM_2.5有效样品252份,用高效液相色谱法测定样品中16种多环芳烃的浓度,以分析不同地区、不同时间及季节间的分布特征和变化趋势。结果 广州市大气PM_2.5中16种多环芳烃均有检出,但质量浓度处于较低水平,年均值为(4.907±3.642)ng/m³。PM_2.5及多环芳烃的质量浓度呈现明显的季节性波动,表现为冬春季较高,夏秋季较低,不同季节差异有统计学意义(F=3.624～72.439,均P<0.05)。市区为(54.321±35.106)μg/m³,农村地区为(46.298±25.933)μg/m³,市郊PM_2.5的质量浓度为(51.821±30.033)μg/m³,差异无统计学意义(F=1.513,P>0.05),多环芳烃中萘、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘的污染水平在不同地区之间差异有统计学意义(F=4.428～6.422,P<0.05),农村高于市区和市郊。结论 广州市大气PM_2.5中多环芳烃污染水平较低,呈现明显的季节性波动和城乡差别。     

含双酚—A和杂环结构的聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

用苯酚、苯酐和水合肼合成了4-（4-羟苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘酮-1,并与双酚-A和二苯甲酮聚合,得到含双酚-A和杂环结构的聚醚酮聚合物。用FT-IR、^13C-NMR、DSC、TGA和DMA等方法对聚合物进行了表征。结果表明,这种可溶性的非晶态聚合物有较高的Tg和很高的耐热温度,Tg随聚合物的组成不同而变化（158-224℃）,5%热失重温度为444-541℃。