术前右美托咪定滴鼻对扁桃体腺样体切除术患儿围术期的影响

探讨术前应用右美托咪定滴鼻对扁桃体腺样体切除术患儿围术期呼吸系统不良事件的影响。方法 选取2020年10月—2021年6月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的择期扁桃体腺样体切除术的患儿120例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为右美托咪定组（D组）和生理盐水组（N组）,每组60例。D组在术前30 min经鼻给予右美托咪定2.0 μg/kg（容量配置1 mL）,N组术前30 min经鼻给予1 mL生理盐水。比较两组围术期呼吸系统不良事件发生率,镇静水平,术后疼痛评分,术后躁动谵妄水平,恶心、呕吐等其他不良事件。结果D组围术期呼吸系统不良事件发生率明显低于N组（P＜0.05）,且镇静水平高于N组（P＜0.05）,D组术后需求补救镇静的人数低于N组（P＜0.05）,D组苏醒期躁动发生率低于N组（P＜0.05）。结论 右美托咪定术前滴鼻可能与降低呼吸系统不良事件的发生率相关,并可取得较为满意的镇静效果,能减轻术后疼痛,降低苏醒期躁动的发生率     

Velopharyngeal insufficiency following adenoidectomy1

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a well recognized but rare complication of adenoidectomy. Twenty children with this condition were seen and assessed at Great Ormond Street Hospital between 1993 and 2000. The commonest aetiology was occult submucous cleft palate (n = 5) but there was a wide range of other causes. Two children with severe behavioural disorders and normal palates developed mild symptoms, an aetiology not previously reported. Only two children had a classical submucous cleft palate. Nine children required surgical intervention and three revision procedures. Of the 15 treated children for whom follow‐up data was available, 13 regained normal or near‐normal speech. Many cases of postadenoidectomy VPI was not foreseeable. Following referral to a specialist cleft unit, normal or near‐normal speech can be achieved in the majority with a combination of surgery and speech therapy.     

小儿鼾症手术前后血浆生物标志物的变化及临床意义

探讨小儿鼾症患者行扁桃体和（或）腺样体手术对与心血管疾病密切相关的血浆生物标志物的影响。选取单纯非肥胖型小儿鼾症患者20例,进行术前和术后6个月血浆超敏 C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白介素6（IL-6）、脂联素和胎球蛋白 A 的水平的测定,结果显示术后6个月的血浆 hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、脂联素的水平均明显低于相应的术前水平（P <0.001）,胎球蛋白 A 的水平均明显高于相应的术前水平（P <0.001）。小儿鼾症患者进行扁桃体和（或）腺样体切除术有助于降低其并发心血管疾病的风险。     

电动吸切器腺样体切除术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及术后出血的影响因素分析

目的 基于人工神经网络模型,探讨电动吸切器腺样体切除术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及术后出血的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年9月-2022年9月该院收治的343例慢性鼻窦炎患者的临床资料,将采用电动吸切器腺样体切除术治疗的患者设为观察组(275例),将采用腺样体刮除术治疗的患者设为对照组(68例)。按照随机数表法,将观察组患者以4∶1的比例,分为训练集(220例)和验证集(55例);根据术后是否出血,将训练集患者分为术后出血组(23例)和术后未出血组(197例)。分析电动吸切器腺样体切除术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效,以及术后并发症发生情况。比较术后出血组和术后未出血组患者的临床资料,并分析患者术后出血的影响因素。通过Python 3.6软件,构建人工神经网络模型,并对模型的效能进行验证。结果 观察组治疗慢性鼻窦炎的总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.46,P=0.035)。观察组术后出血率、腺样体残留率和并发症总发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=8.90,P=0.003;χ²=8.43,P=0.00...     

鼻内镜下小儿腺样体切除术临床疗效探讨

目的对鼻内镜下小儿腺样体切除术的优势与临床疗效进行探讨。方法通过对100例小儿腺样体肥大患者进行鼻内镜下腺样体切除术,对术后的临床反应进行观察和统计。结果采用鼻内镜下小儿腺样体切除术可将腺样体彻底切除,无残留物,术后无出血、无并发症及损伤鼻咽部等组织的现象,大部分患儿痊愈。结论鼻内镜下小儿腺样体切除术与传统手术法相比具有不可比拟的优势,避免了因视野不清造成的各种不良情况,提高了手术的准确性与安全性,术后并发症少,恢复时间短,疗效显著。     

Factors affecting resolution of otitis media with effusion in children

There is only limited knowledge of the factors which influence the outcome of otitis media with effusion in children in the long-term. This randomized controlled study assessed the therapeutic effect of adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy during a 5-year follow-up. Numerous pre-treatment independent variables concerning the child's upper and lower respiratory tract, atopic status and parental habits were assessed in relation to two dependent outcome measures. These were otoscopic clearance of effusion and no peak/peak tympanometric change. A total of 222 children was studied and reviewed annually for 5 years. Four of 43 independent variables were found to be repeatedly significant in relation to outcome: (a) whether or not adenoidectomy was performed; (b) age at operation; (c) history of earache prior to operation; and (d) parental smoking habits. The results provide further evidence of a beneficial effect of adenoid removal and the importance of the age at which surgery is advised. They also suggest the need to investigate further the relationship of superadded acute suppurative otitis media with otalgia and the outcome of chronic otitis media with effusion. Finally, avoidance of parental smoking will have a beneficial effect on children's middle ear disease.     

Survey of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Hong Kong of China

Obstructivesleepapneasyndrome (OSAS)isawell recognizeddiseaseinpediatricpopulations ,withanestimatedprevalenceof 0 7%to 2 9%invariouspopulationstudies 1 3　Bothgendersareaffectedtothesameextent.However,dataonChinesechildrenarelimited .KwongWahHospitalisapublic fundedgeneralhospitallocatedinthecitycenterofHongKong ,acityofover 6millioninsouthernChina Thepopulationofchildrenisaround 90 0 0 0intheareaservedbythishospital Thepediatricsleeplaboratoryisaone bedunitcateringforthepediatricdepar…     

全麻诱导前应用右美托咪啶对腺样体切除术儿童苏醒期应激反应的影响

【目的】 探讨全麻诱导前应用右美托咪啶对腺样体切除术小儿全麻恢复期应激反应的影响。【方法】 按照完全随机法,将80例经口内镜下腺样体切除术患儿分为对照组（C组）和右美托咪啶组（D组）,每组40例。右美托咪啶（0.5 μg/kg）稀释到20 mL,于麻醉诱导前开始微量泵注,20 min注射完毕,对照组只注射等量生理盐水。观察两组患儿麻醉诱导期和术中血液动力学变化;术毕患儿均入复苏室,观察两组患儿术后全麻恢复期循环、苏醒情况,躁动评分与发生率,复苏室停留时间及术后相关并发症等。 【结果】 在麻醉诱导期和术中两组患儿血液动力学均稳定（P >0.05）;在麻醉恢复期,D组患儿平均心率和动脉压与对照组比较更为平稳（P <0.05）;右美托咪啶组患儿拔管前后躁动发生率及评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;术后疼痛评分显著低于对照组（P <0.05）;患儿苏醒时间、拔管时间及复苏室停留时间与对照组无差异;对照组有3例术后渗血渗液较多,经后鼻孔填塞2 d后正常,2组均无误吸发生。 【结论】 右美托咪啶能减轻儿童腺样体切除术后全麻恢复期应激反应,可减轻恢复期工作量。