The neuromuscular effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane alone and in combination with vecuronium or atracurium in the rat

Sevoflurane was compared to isoflurane anesthesia alone and in combination with atracurium or vecuronium in 84 rats using the sciatic nerve—anterior tibialis muscle preparation. Both bolus injection and infusion rate techniques were used to evaluate these drug interactions. The ED₅₀ (dose which produced a 50% depression of twitch tension) of atracurium was 311 ± 31 and 360 ± 32µg·kg^–1 during 1.25MAC sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia respectively. The ED₅₀ of vecuronium was 190 ± 27 and 149 ± 14µg·kg^–1 during 1.25MAC sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia respectively. The mean infusion rates of atracurium and vecuronium required to maintain a 50% depression of twitch tension were 5.04 ± 0.7 and 2.02 ± 0.3mg·kg^–1·hr^–1. These infusion rates were 5.04 ± 0.7 and 2.02 ± 0.3mg·kg^–1·hr^–1 during 1.25MAC sevoflurane and 3.73 ± 0.3 and 1.81 ± 0.4mg·kg^–1·hr^–1 during 1.25MAC isoflurane anesthesia respectively. With both atracurium and vecuronium, the infusion rate required to maintain a 50% depression twitch of tension was inversely related to the concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane. The authors conclude that sevoflurane is similar in potency to that of isoflurane in augmenting a vecuronium or atracurium induced neuromuscular blockade in a dose-dependent manner.(Shin YS, Miller RD, Caldwell JE, et al.: The neuromuscular effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane alone and in combination with vecuronium or atracurium in the rat. J Anesth 6: 1–8, 1992)     

不同性别癫痫患者维库溴铵剂量-反应曲线的测定

目的 研究性别对癫痫患者维库溴铵量效关系的影响,为维库溴铵个体化应用提供参考. 方法 选取择期癫痫手术患者100例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄19岁～4l岁,病史2年～23年,分为男性组(M组)与女性组(F组),每组各50例,均有服用抗癫痫药物史,术前无酸碱平衡及水电解质紊乱,心、肺、肝、肾功能正常.每组患者按随机数字表法分为20、30、40、50、60 μg/kg 5个剂量组,每组10例.记录拇内收肌四个成串刺激(train of four stimulation,TOF)第1次反应最大抑制的百分率并进行概率单位转换,将维库溴铵的首次剂量进行对数转换,用直线回归方法分别建立男、女患者维库溴铵剂量-反应曲线,并记录起效时间. 结果 男性癫痫患者维库溴铵50％有效量(50％ effective dose,ED50)、75％有效量(75％effective dose,ED75)、90％有效量(90％ effective dose,ED90)、95％有效量(95％ effective dose,ED95)值分别为(31±6)、(40±8)、(50±9)、(57±7)tμg/kg,女性癫痫患者维库溴铵ED50、ED75、ED90、ED95值分别为(31±6)、(40±7)、(50±9)、(58±9) μg/kg,两者间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);5个剂量组起效时间在性别组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 性别不影响癫痫患者维库溴铵的剂量-反应曲线.     

维库溴铵在重症支气管哮喘急性发作治疗中的应用

目的探讨维库溴铵在重症支气管哮喘急性发作治疗中的应用效果。方法前瞻性研究,双盲随机标准对照,将46例转入ICU使用呼吸机的重症支气管哮喘急性发作患者按病案号随机分为肌松组（予常规镇静＋维库溴铵）和常规组（予常规镇静）,每组各23例,比较两组治疗效果和对预后的影响。结果肌松组病情较常规组明显改善,呼吸、pH值、PaO2、PaCO2、SpO2参数比较差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）;肌松组较常规组滞留ICU时间[（146．20±17．92）h与（214．15±22．21）h],使用呼吸机时间[（125．93±16．23）h与（192．89±22．60）h],糖皮质激素[（2．61±0．17）mg·kg^-1·d^-1与（3．55±0．26）mg·kg^-1·d^-1]、抗胆碱药[（6．25±0．51）μg·kg^-1·d^-1与（10．64±0．75）μg·kg^-1·d^-1]、β2肾上腺素受体激动剂[（0．06±0．01）mg·kg^-1·d^-1与（0．15±0．04）mg·kg^-1·d^-1]使用剂量均减少（均P〈0．05）;患者顺利转出ICU,无机械通气及心血管不良事件发生。结论维库溴铵使重症支气管哮喘急性发作患者在常规镇静使用呼吸机时,可迅速纠正临床症状,改善短期预后。     

加速度肌松仪的预刺激方式对维库溴铵药效测定的影响

目的：观察加速度肌松监测仪的预刺激方法对维库溴铵药效测定的影响。方法30名女性患者分为三组,各10例。在同一患者的两手均放置肌松监测,随机选其中一手作为对照手,先给5 s,50 Hz强直刺激,然后行AUTO I校准,再给20 min TOF监测。每分钟记录一次T1值,第20分钟T1值分别与前各次用配对t检验比较。患者另一手为试验手,分为3组,在AUTO I校准后分别给予20 min（组一）、1 min（组二）和6 min（组三）TOF刺激。组一每分钟记录一次T1值,第20分钟T1值分别与前各次用配对t检验比较。然后用累积剂量法测定同一患者两手的维库溴铵ED50、ED90、ED95和斜率（Probit/LOG）。用配对t检验行自身比较。结果在20 min TOF预刺激期间,对照手T1稳定,但试验手最初T1逐渐增加,第6分钟后稳定。维库溴铵的ED50、ED90、ED95和斜率在组一和组三两手间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,组二则对照手数值明显小于试验手（P〈0.05）。结论5 s、50 Hz强直刺激可迅速使T1值稳定,否则需6 min才能使T1值稳定,当T1值稳定后,维库溴铵药效测定不受预刺激方法影响。     

联合应用顺阿曲库铵与维库溴铵后ED50和ED95的改变

目的：观察顺式阿曲库铵联合维库溴铵用药后ED50和ED95的变化。方法将75例择期手术患者（ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级）随机分为3组：顺式阿曲库铵组、维库溴铵组和顺式阿曲库铵＋维库溴铵组,每组各25例。麻醉诱导后,以单次给药法观察起效时间和T1达到最大抑制的时间,描绘3组患者的量-效曲线,求得各自的ED50和ED95值,并运用等效图法和代数法对两药相互作用进行分析。结果单用顺式阿曲库铵组、维库溴铵组ED50值分别为32.35、28.78μg/kg,ED95值分别为52.67、51.20μg/kg。联合用药时ED50值为16.81、12.17μg/kg,ED95值为23.49、22.16μg/kg,与单独用药相比,差异均有统计学意义。联合用药时ED50和ED95的合用代数值分别为0.942、0.879。结论联合使用顺式阿曲库铵和维库溴铵具有协同作用,且量-效曲线产生左移。     

改良高效液相色谱法测定血浆中维库溴铵的浓度

目的建立一种简易的HPLC分析方法测定维库溴铵的血药浓度;方法采用Kromasil C18柱,流动相为甲醇0.02mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾水溶液(298),加入1%四氢呋喃.紫外检测波长为210 nm.结果维库溴铵的血药浓度与峰面积之间有良好的相关性,Y3.479×103X 1.611×103,r=0.9983.最低检出限为10μg·ml-1,日内、日问RSD分别为4.72%和5.11%.结论改进的测定法准确、简便、易行.     

Onset of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block after a long priming interval

Purpose. We examined whether a new application of the priming principle, i.e., having the priming dose of vecuronium administered before the insertion of the epidural catheter, would hasten the onset of the neuromuscular block induced by the intubating dose of vecuronium. Methods. Forty-five adult female patients scheduled for general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia were studied. In group A (n = 15), the priming dose of vecuronium, 0.01 mg·kg⁻¹, was administered before insertion of the epidural catheter. The intubating dose of vecuronium, 0.09 mg·kg⁻¹, was given after the insertion of the epidural catheter. In group B (n = 15), the priming dose of vecuronium, 0.01 mg·kg⁻¹, was given 4 min before the intubating dose of vecuronium, 0.09 mg·kg⁻¹. In the control group (n = 15), no priming dose was given, and only the intubating dose of vecuronium, 0.10 mg·kg⁻¹, was administered. In all three groups, general anesthesia was induced with propofol 2.5 mg·kg⁻¹, and the trachea was intubated when T1/control value (control twitch height in response to train-of-four stimuli) was less than 0.1. Results. In group A, the priming dose was given 16 ± 3 min (mean ± SD) before the administration of the intubating dose. The times to onset of neuromuscular block in groups A and B, and the control group were: 145 ± 30, 184 ± 45, and 219 ± 23 s, respectively (P < 0.05 among the three groups). In all three groups, intubating conditions (graded on a four-point scale) were excellent (P = 0.59). Before the induction of anesthesia, symptoms of paralysis were observed in 5, 4, and 0 patients in groups A and B and the control group, respectively (P < 0.05 between group A or B vs control group). Conclusions. If the priming dose of vecuronium is given after a long priming interval (16 ± 3 min), the time to onset of the neuromuscular block caused by the intubating dose of vecuronium is markedly shorter than when the conventional priming interval of 4 min is employed. Received: March 5, 2001 / Accepted: October 4, 2001     

瑞芬太尼全麻插管期间听觉诱发电位和血流动力学变化的研究

目的 探讨瑞芬太尼插管期间听觉诱发电位和血流动力学的变化,评价瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管时心血管的副反应,为临床寻求一种安全有效的方法。方法 将30例ASAI-Ⅱ级患者分成二组,麻醉诱导前4min,观察组（Ⅰ组）静注瑞芬太尼1μg/kg后,以美国百特BaxterAS40A型微量泵持续静注瑞芬太尼0．1μg／（kg·min）,诱导时,瑞芬太尼改为0．05μg／（kg·min）。对照组（Ⅱ组）以持续静注艾司洛尔300μg／（kg·min）,诱导时改为200μg／（kg·min）。后静注麻醉诱导剂,待肌肉完全松弛时行气管内插管,至插管后10min停药。比较两组治疗期间AAI、ECG、HR、SBP、RPP,经统计学处理。结果 两组患者各时间点的AAI值无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,观察组ISBP、HR、RPP在气管插管后的全过程变化小。结论 瑞芬太尼静注能够更有效地抑制气管插管时的心血管副反应。     

诱导前小剂量多巴胺对冠状动脉搭桥术中维库溴铵起效时间和循环功能的影响

目的观察小剂量输注多巴胺对冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）患者全麻诱导时循环功能及维库溴铵起效时间的影响。方法选择麻醉ASAⅡ～Ⅲ,心脏功能Ⅱ～Ⅲ级择期进行CABG患者30例。随机分为两组,C组为对照组（n=15）,D组为多巴胺小剂量输注组[3μg/（kg·min）,n=15]。两组均在全麻诱导前行单侧颈浅丛阻滞,放置Swan—Ganz导管,操作完成10min后开始诱导。静脉注射咪唑安定0．1mg／kg,一分钟后缓慢注射芬太尼10μg/kg,待患者意识消失后注射维库溴铵（VCR）0．1mg／kg。测定两组患者麻醉诱导前、注药后、单刺激（T1）消失和气管插管时的心率（HR）,收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心排量指数（CI）、每搏输出量指数（SVI）和外周血管阻力（SVR）。加速度肌张力仪监测拇内收肌运动情况,记录两组患者肌松起效时间。结果诱导前两组和诱导后D组患者HR、SBP、DBP、CI、SVI、SVR均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。诱导后,C组患者SBP、DBP、CI、SVI均有降低（P〈0．05）。而HR、SVR无明显变化（P〉0．05）。C组和D组比较,维库溴铵诱导起效时间无差异（P〉0．05）。心排量变化和维库溴铵起效时间无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论冠心病患者在麻醉诱导中有一定的循环功能降低,诱导前使用小剂量多巴胺连续静脉输注有利于在诱导时稳定循环功能,同时并不增加心率和体循环外周阻力,可能对于心肌氧供需平衡影响较小。小剂量多巴胺诱导前连续输注没有缩短维库溴铵起效时间,可能和诱导时心排量和血压降低幅度不大有关。