Anatomie et tendinopathie patellaire : un malentendu

The anatomical structure linking the patella and the tibia is called the “patellar ligament” in the international nomenclature. This term is well accepted yet can be a source of confusion for non-specialists. This is because the priority role of this structure is not to maintain joint stability, the primary role of the cruciate ligaments and the collateral ligaments, but rather to prolong the mechanical action of the quadriceps muscle onto the leg skeleton beyond the “patellar sesmoid”. Patellar tendon injuries are a common observation in sports medicine. The proximal third of the tendon below the patella is most generally involved. This highly frequent tendinopathy sometimes termed an “insertion” tendiopathy. Based on 100 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging studies and cadaveric dissection, we confirm that the insertion of the patellar tendon is situated on the anterior aspect of the patella and not the tip. We describe two anatomical variants of the healthy patellar tendon (type 1 and 2) that should not be confused with a site of tendinopathy. The anatomical limits between tendinous tissue and infrapatellar adipose body (the Hoffa adipose ligament), notably on the upper third is still debated and merits further work.     

Rotura del tendón de Aquiles asociada al uso de fluoroquinolonas en pacientes mayores de 60 años: experiencia de un centro de tercer nivel

BackgroundFluoroquinolones have been associated with increased risk of tendinopathy and Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), especially in patients over 60 years of age.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out including patients over 60 years of age with ATR attended in our centre over the period 2000-2017.ResultsWe identified 44 patients with RTA, of whom 18% (8/44) had been previously treated with fluoroquinolones, with a mean age at diagnosis of ATR of 77.37 years and concomitant corticotherapy in 4 of them. In 7 patients, the rupture was spontaneous and all required surgical management. A significantly higher frequency of smoking, concomitant corticotherapy and spontaneous ruptures were found in the group treated with fluoroquinolones.ConclusionsATR is an adverse event that can occur in patients over 60 years of age treated with fluoroquinolones, so an adequate risk-benefit assessment should be carried out in this population, especially in the presence of associated risk factors.     

Effectiveness of conservative therapy in tendinopathy-related shoulder pain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

ObjectiveSystematic review investigated efficacy of conservative therapy on pain and function in people with tendinopathy-related shoulder pain.MethodsSearches were conducted on six databases. All randomized controlled trials investigating efficacy of any conservative therapy on pain and function in people with tendinopathy-related shoulder pain were included. Estimates for each specific conservative therapy were presented as weighted mean differences (WMDs) or mean differences (MDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE.ResultsFive randomized controlled trials were included. Extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) was effective on pain at short-term (i.e., ≤3 months) when compared with control (WMD = −1.7 out of 101 points, −3.1 to −0.3; n = 158). Individual trials also suggested effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (−13.7 to −2.3; n = 365) and extracorporeal radial pressure pulse therapy (rESWT) (−40.0 to −27.0; n = 79). Laser therapy and ESWT were not effective on pain and function at short-term, respectively. No trials investigated medium- or long-term effects, and quality of the evidence ranged from low to very low quality.ConclusionsConservative therapies currently available for the rotator cuff management and biceps tendinopathy are not supported by low to very-low quality evidence.     

Proximal hamstring tendinopathy; expert physiotherapists’ perspectives on diagnosis,management and prevention

ObjectivesTo explore and summarise expert physiotherapists’ perceptions on their assessment, management and prevention of proximal hamstring tendinopathy (PHT).MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews with expert physiotherapists until data saturation was met (n = 13). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed systematically and organised into categories and sub-categories according to study aims.ResultsExperts report using a clinical reasoning-based approach, incorporating information from the patient interview and results of clinical load-based provocation tests, in the physical examination to diagnose PHT. Experts manage the condition through education and progressive loading targeting the hamstring unit and kinetic chain, avoiding provocative activities in positions of compression in early-mid stage rehab and a gradated and controlled return to sport. Passive therapies including injection therapies and surgery were believed to have limited utility. Prevention of recurrence primarily involved continuation of hamstring and kinetic chain strengthening programs and management of physical workload.ConclusionExperts rely on a combination of information from the patient interview and a battery of pain provocation tests to diagnose PHT. Education and graded exercise of the hamstring group and synergists, minimising early exposure to hip flexion, were the foundation of management of the condition.     

口长屈肌腱病变与类风湿关节炎性平足症的相关性研究

 目的 探讨长屈肌腱(flexor hallucis longus,FHL)病变与类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)性平足症之间的相关性。方法 回顾性分析2010年2月至2011年6月因足部疼痛而就诊的47例(94足)RA患者资料。根据超声探查长屈肌腱病变情况,将患者分为3组：肌腱完整组(A组,27足),肌腱周围炎症组(B组,40足),肌腱断裂组(C组,27足)。所有患者均摄足部负重侧位X线片,并基于X线片行足内侧纵弓相关参数测量,包括跟骨倾斜角(heel pitch angle, HPA)、距骨第一跖骨角(tarsal and 1st metatarsal angle,TM1),并结合3组间年龄、病程等进行相关性分析。结果　A组平均年龄(49.9±9.2)岁,病程(4.7±2.6)年,HPA 21.9°±3.3°,TM1 2.5°±2.2°;B组平均年龄(56.2±9.2)岁,病程(16.2±7.4)年,HPA 16.8°±3.5°,TM1 6.5°±3.2°;C组平均年龄(54.7±8.0)岁,病程(20.9±4.4)年, HPA 11.5°±3.6°,TM1 11.2°±4.9°;3组间上述参数比较有差异。测量HPA4°者：A组5/27足,B组30/40足,C组27/27足,3组间比较有差异。结论 FHL病变在RA患者中常见,其严重程度与RA平足呈正相关,且受年龄及病程双重因素影响。     

关节镜下治疗慢性冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎的早期随访研究

目的:探讨关节镜下治疗慢性冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎的早期疗效。方法:2013年3月至2015年9月为16例冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎患者行关节镜下冈上肌肌腱钙化灶清除术,术前及术后第3、6、12、18个月随访,采用美国肩肘外科协会评分系统(American shoulder and elbow surgeons scores,ASES)、Constant-Murley评分(Constant-Murley scores,CMS)及视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价手术疗效,记录患者恢复功能锻炼的时间。结果:16例患者术后随访18~24个月,平均(20.4±1.7)个月。ASES评分由术前的(48.32±9.45)分提高至术后末次随访的(89.15±4.84)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-15.35,P0.01);CMS评分由术前的(54.69±7.25)分提高至末次随访的(95.34±5.06)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-11.78,P0.05);VAS疼痛评分由术前的(8.26±1.37)分减少至末次随访的(2.13±1.05)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-14.89,P0.01)。16例患者平均于术后(16.9±2.4)d恢复正常肩关节活动,术后肩部症状改善明显,关节活动度较前明显增加。结论:关节镜治疗保守无效的慢性冈上肌钙化性肌腱炎具有手术创伤小、患者康复快、病灶清除彻底的优点,早期随访结果满意,是可靠、有效的治疗方法。