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1.

Objectives

To investigate whether functional overreaching affects locomotor system behaviour when running at fixed relative intensities and if any effects were associated with changes in running performance.

Design

Prospective intervention study.

Methods

Ten trained male runners completed three training blocks in a fixed order. Training consisted of one week of light training (baseline), two weeks of heavy training designed to induce functional overreaching, and ten days of light taper training designed to allow athletes to recover from, and adapt to, the heavy training. Locomotor behaviour, 5-km time trial performance, and subjective reports of training status (Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes (DALDA) questionnaire) were assessed at the completion of each training block. Locomotor behaviour was assessed using detrended fluctuation analysis of stride intervals during running at speeds corresponding to 65% and 85% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) at baseline.

Results

Time trial performance (effect size ±95% confidence interval (ES): 0.16 ± 0.06; p < 0.001), locomotor behaviour at 65% HRmax (ES: ?1.12 ± 0.95; p = 0.026), and DALDA (ES: 2.55 ± 0.80; p < 0.001) were all detrimentally affected by the heavy training. Time trial performance improved relative to baseline after the taper (ES: ?0.16 ± 0.10; p = 0.003) but locomotor behaviour at 65% HRmax (ES: ?1.18 ± 1.17; p = 0.048) and DALDA (ES: 0.92 ± 0.90; p = 0.045) remained impaired.

Conclusions

Locomotor behaviour during running at 65% HRmax was impaired by functional overreaching and remained impaired after a 10-day taper, despite improved running performance. Locomotor changes may increase injury risk and should be considered within athlete monitoring programs independently of performance changes.  相似文献   
2.
Context: We sought to describe our experience with the Hybrid Assistive Limb® (HAL®) for active knee extension and voluntary ambulation with remaining muscle activity in a patient with complete paraplegia after spinal cord injury.

Findings: A 30-year-old man with complete paraplegia used the HAL® for 1 month (10 sessions) using his remaining muscle activity, including hip flexor and upper limb activity. Electromyography was used to evaluate muscle activity of the gluteus maximus, tensor fascia lata, quadriceps femoris, and hamstring muscles in synchronization with the Vicon motion capture system. A HAL® session included a knee extension session with the hip flexor and voluntary gait with upper limb activity. After using the HAL® for one month, the patient’s manual muscle hip flexor scores improved from 1/5 to 2/5 for the right and from 2/5 to 3/5 for the left knee, and from 0/5 to 1/5 for the extension of both knees.

Conclusion/clinical relevance: Knee extension sessions with HAL®, and hip flexor and upper-limb-triggered HAL® ambulation seem a safe and feasible option in a patient with complete paraplegia due to spinal cord injury.  相似文献   

3.
Objective: The objective of this study was to gain greater insight into individuals’ quality of life (QOL) definitions, appraisals, and adaptations following spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: A mixed-methods design, applying the Schwartz and Sprangers response shift (RS) model. RS is a cognitive process wherein, in response to a change in health status, individuals change internal standards, values, or conceptualization of QOL

Setting: Community-dwelling participants who receive medical treatment at a major Midwestern medical system and nearby Veterans’ Affairs hospital.

Participants: A purposive sample of participants with SCI (N?=?40) completed semi-structured interviews and accompanying quantitative measures.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Outcome Measures: Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis to identify themes. Analysis of variance were performed to detect differences based on themes and QOL, well-being, and demographic and injury characteristics.

Results: Four RS themes were identified, capturing the range of participant perceptions of QOL. The themes ranged from complete RS, indicating active engagement in maintaining QOL, to awareness and comparisons redefining QOL, to a relative lack of RS. Average QOL ratings differed as a function of response shift themes. PROMIS Global Health, Anxiety, and Depression also differed as a function of RS themes.

Conclusion: The RS model contextualizes differences in QOL definitions, appraisals, and adaptations in a way standardized QOL measures alone do not.  相似文献   

4.
正枕骨、寰椎和枢椎共同构成了枕颈部活动的结构功能单位,即枕颈交界区~([1-2])。炎症、创伤、肿瘤及畸形等因素会导致枕颈交界区失稳,从而引起颈脊髓或神经根的损伤、麻痹及难以忍受的疼痛,甚至危及生命~([3-4])。后路内固定融合技术是治疗枕颈部失稳的重要手段,目前常用术式为枕骨螺钉技术,该技术较钢丝固定技术有更好的生物力学稳定  相似文献   
5.

Introduction

In the United States there has been a large increase in participation in lacrosse for both males and females. The purpose of this study was to analyze the number of head injuries, injury rates (calculated using the reported number of participants) and types of head injuries that are seen in emergency departments in the United States.

Methods

We compared injuries between male and female lacrosse participants. This was a retrospective study using a publicly available database produced by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and information about lacrosse participation from US Lacrosse.

Results

A linear regression was performed and showed a positive correlation between number of head injuries to males and time from 2002 to 2010 (R2?=?0.823; p?=?0.001). While the number of injuries to the head in female lacrosse participants was not significant. There was a negative correlation between the number of head injuries to males from 2010 to 2016 (R2?=?0.800; p?=?0.007), but again, there was no significance for female injury count (R2?=?0.417; p?=?0.117). Other significant differences between head injuries in males and females included the mechanism of injury and the type of injury recorded.

Conclusion

The most recent data from 2010 to 2016, suggest that both males and females have had a decrease in injury rate. However the total number of female head injuries is not significantly decreasing and as the sport continues to grow there will likely be more total head injuries and visits to the emergency department.  相似文献   
6.
7.
8.
趾蹼血管分型的临床认识   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
目的分析120例足趾移植再造手指病例,对趾蹼间的血管形态和交通情况进行观察,并阐述其临床意义。方法临床观察120例156侧趾蹼,对第一跖骨背动脉和第一趾底动脉在趾蹼间的走向、口径以及两者的交通支情况进行记录并进行分型。结果按孙博的分型方法:Ⅰ型72侧,占46.2%;Ⅱ型57侧,占36.5%;Ⅱ型7侧,占4.5%;Ⅳ型3侧,占1.9%;Ⅴ型15侧,占9.6%;另有2侧(占1.3%)第一跖骨背血管口径〉1mm,虽发出趾背动脉供养蹲趾胫侧和第二趾腓侧,但在趾蹼内与趾底血管无吻合,故称之为孙博Ⅵ型。结论(1)从解剖形态看应增加孙博Ⅵ型较全面;(2)从临床实用角度出发,趾蹼间血管可以简单分为三型:Ⅰ型交通支口径在0.5mm以上。Ⅱ型交通支在0.5mm以下。Ⅲ型无交通;(3)手术中采用第一套或第二套供血系统,首先要看趾蹼间血管的交通支,即按本组的分型属Ⅰ型采用第一套供血系统,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型采用第二套供血系统。  相似文献   
9.
丹参对持续癫痫幼鼠脑损伤保护作用的实验研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
李伟  马华 《武警医学》2006,17(3):182-185,F0004
目的 探讨丹参对持续癫痫发作诱发幼鼠脑神经元损伤是否具有保护作用。方法 皮下及腹腔注射贝美格针诱发健康幼龄鼠癫痫持续状态发作。光镜下观察神经元病变情况;电镜观察海马神经元超微结构的改变。结果 持续癫痴组幼鼠脑组织光镜下可见明显的神经元病变。电镜下可见海马区神经元的超微结构病变。丹参治疗组神经元病变均轻于持续癫痴组;而正常对照组未见类似病变。结论 丹参在组织、细胞和亚细胞水平对持续癫病幼鼠脑神经元损伤具有一定的保护作用,为临床有效防治小儿惊厥性脑损伤提供了可靠的实验依据。  相似文献   
10.
后路椎体间融合术后融合器脱出的原因及其翻修术   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:探讨后路椎体间融合术后融合器脱出的原因及其翻修方法。方法:10例后路椎体间融合术后融合器脱出行翻修术的病例,其中腰椎滑脱症5例,腰椎管狭窄症3例,腰椎间盘突出症2例。手术节段为L4/54例,L5/S1 3例,L4/5+L5/S1 3例;融合器应用BAK(旋入型)7例,聚醚醚酮矩形融合器(PEEK)2例,钛金属矩形融合器1例。于首次术后1~90d内行翻修术。就其脱出原因,再次手术方法及疗效进行分析。结果:融合器脱出的原因:矩形融合器中2例型号太小,1例放置位置偏后;旋入型融合器1例定位错误,其余大都因两枚融合器之间发生碰撞挤压所致。翻修术后获得完整随访资料者8例,随访时间10-36个月,平均17个月,均得到融合,无融合器再次移位或脱出以及内同定的断裂,1例伴有足下垂者遗留患足背伸肌力减弱,其余病例神经症状消除。结论:后路腰椎椎体间融合术后融合器脱出的可能原因有融合器型号偏小导致椎间隙撑开不够,放置位置偏后,两枚融合器不对称或距离太近发生碰撞等。早期、积极的手术翻修能取得较好的疗效。  相似文献   
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