蒙药绿松石的质量标准研究＊

目的 建立蒙药绿松石的质量标准。方法 收集不同产地绿松石，共10批。观察绿松石样品和粉末的性状并进行理化鉴别；按2020年版《中国药典》（四部）通则方法测定绿松石样品中水分、浸出物含量；采用原子吸收光谱法测定绿松石样品铜元素含量。结果 绿松石为不规则、周围带有黑石的块状物，表面蓝绿色，体重，质硬脆，难砸碎，断面呈贝壳状，蜡样光泽，粉末呈灰绿色，无臭，味淡；理化鉴别结果显示，呈铜盐反应；10批次样品中水分含量为0.41%-3.94%（SD=1.37%），浸出物含量为0.21%-0.81%（SD=0.21%），铜元素含量为3.03%-4.63%（SD=0.63%）。结论 初步拟定绿松石中水分含量不得超多5.0%、浸出物含量不得低于0.10%，铜元素含量应为2.60%-4.84%，制定的标准可用于蒙药材绿松石的质量控制。     

Effect of Short-Term Ethanol Feeding on Rat Testes as Assessed by 31P NMR Spectroscopy, 1H NMR Imaging, and Biochemical Methods

31P Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR imaging were used to examine the effect of short-term ethanol feeding on the rat testis. Weanling rats were pair-fed for 10 weeks either on ethanol containing liquid diet (36% ethanol of total calories) or a diet in which dextrimaltose was isocalorically substituted for the ethanol of the alcohol-containing diet. In vivo 31P NMR of the testes was used to determine the intratesticular pH and the relative concentrations of various phosphorus-containing metabolites. The integrity of the blood-testes barrier was evaluated using 1H NMR imaging following a gadolinium diethylene tetramine pentaacetic acid derivative (Gd-DTPA) administration as a vascular contrast agent. After the completion of NMR studies, the testis and the liver were freeze-clamped to allow for the assay of their adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) contents. Serum was assayed for its content of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alcohol and testosterone. Ethanol feeding resulted in the following: (a) a reduction in the body weight (p less than 0.05), (b) a reduction in the testicular phosphodiesters (PDE) PDE/ATP ratio (p less than 0.05), (c) an increased change in the testis image intensity difference between pre- and post-iv Gd-DTPA images, (c) a reduction in the testicular and hepatic content of ATP, and (d) increased serum levels of AST and ALT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

FT-IR光谱法研究TA9902抑制Aβ1-42聚集的分子机制

目的：研究TA9902引起Aβ1-42二级结构变化，了解其抑制Aβ聚集和纤维形成的机制。 方法： 用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FT-IR）曲线拟合定量分析和特征频谱分析Aβ老化后及TA9902干预后二级结构的变化。 结果： 1 700-1 600 cm-1之间的酰胺I带分析，Aβ1-42单独孵育30 min时，β-折叠片为46.53％；Aβ1-42老化72 h，β-折叠片为65.13％，β-折叠片增加了19.4％。TA9902与Aβ1-42作用β-折叠片为29.04％；与Aβ1-42老化72 h相比，TA9902的存在明显减少β折叠片的含量(下降了36.09％)，β-转角的含量明显升高(升高57.56％)，α-螺旋也略有升高（2.93％）。呈现出明显的β折叠片向β-转角的转化。其它基团特征峰位显示，TA9902中有酮类尤其是饱和链状酮或α-二酮和烷烃类的-CH2和-CH参与了Aβ1-42的分子变构。 结论： TA9902明显抑制Aβ1-42β-折叠的形成，同时也使Aβ1-42肽的侧链基团发生了化学修饰，提示Aβ的聚集和纤维形成与其分子β-折叠的形成和侧链基团发生了化学修饰有关。     

Changes in tissue optical properties due to radio-frequency ablation of myocardium

The optical properties of pig heart tissue were measured after in vivo ablation therapy had been performed during open-heart surgery. In vitro samples of normal and ablated tissue were subjected to measurements with an optically integrating sphere set-up in the region 470–900 nm. Three independent measurements were made: total transmittance, total reflectance and collimated transmittance, which made it possible to extract the absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering anisotropy factor g, using an inverse Monte Carlo model. Between 470 and 700 nm, only the reduced scattering coefficient and absorption could be evaluated. The absorption spectra were fitted to known tissue chromophore spectra, so that the concentrations of haemoglobin and myoglobin could be estimated. The reduced scattering coefficient was compared with Mie computations to provide Mie equivalent average radii. Most of the absorption was from myoglobin, whereas haemoglobin absorption was negligible. Metmyoglobin was formed in the ablated tissue, which could yield a spectral signature to distinguish the ablated tissue with a simple optical probe to monitor the ablation therapy. The reduced scattering coefficient increased by, on average, 50% in the ablated tissue, which corresponded to a slight decrease in the Mie equivalent radius.     

大鼠皮瓣血液循环的磁共振波谱学初步研究

观察皮瓣的能量代谢。方法：利用磁共振波谱技术分别对大鼠皮瓣在正常灌注、动脉阻流、静脉阻流、失活等条件下ＡＴＰ、ＰＣｒ、Ｐｉ峰形的变化进行分析。结果正常时,Ｐｉ低于ＡＴＰ的γ及α峰。     

Periventricular- intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant- A historical perspective

The objective of this chapter is to trace the evolution of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant highlighting the importance of the germinal matrix, a critical role for cerebral blood flow changes in the genesis of hemorrhage, clinical factors that increase the bleeding risk, and potential preventative strategies. In 1976, neuropathological studies demonstrated capillary rupture within the germinal matrix as the precursor of hemorrhage. In 1980, introduction of cranial ultrasound facilitated diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. In 1979, loss of cerebral autoregulation in sick newborn infants was demonstrated. In the 1980’s, studies demonstrated the importance of intravascular factors in provoking hemorrhage. In 1983, the association of cerebral blood flow velocity fluctuations and subsequent hemorrhage was demonstrated. In 1994, antenatal steroids use to accelerate lung development was recommended. This was associated with an unanticipated reduction in hemorrhage. In the mid 1990’s early indomethacin administration was associated with a reduction of severe hemorrhage.     

氢质子波谱成像对热缺血再灌注损伤大鼠移植肝细胞再生能力的评价作用

目的 探讨磁共振氢质子波谱(1H-MRS)评价大鼠原位肝移植(OLT)热缺血模型肝细胞再生能力的意义,以及热缺血对于移植肝再生能力的影响. 方法 以实验组热缺血10min的大鼠肝移植模型和对照组无热缺血大鼠肝移植模型各30只为研究对象,移植术后分6个时间点(6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、30 d)对每只大鼠行肝脏常规T1WI、T2WI成像及氢质子波谱扫描.扫描后取肝脏,测定肝细胞的细胞增殖核抗原(PCNA)表达,同时检测肝酶代谢水平. 结果 术后5个时间点实验组的肝细胞PCNA阳性率、胆碱峰与水峰的峰高比值均高于对照组,实验组和对照组胆碱峰/水峰峰高比值均与相应PCNA的阳性率呈显著正相关(r实验=0.819,P＜0.01;r对照=0.543,P＜0.01).实验组和对照组的血清ALT、AST术后明显升高,尤以术后6 h～3 d最为显著,实验组的ALT、AST明显高于对照组. 结论 热缺血再灌注损伤对于移植后肝细胞的再生能力有明显的影响,1H-MRS的胆碱峰可以无创伤地评价移植肝的肝细胞再生能力.     

胎儿磁共振在先天性膈疝患儿预后评估中的应用研究CSCD

目的回顾性分析先天性膈疝患儿产前胎儿磁共振图像,探讨磁共振测量和评价参数与患儿预后的关系,初步探讨胎儿磁共振参数在先天性膈疝患儿预后评估中的应用价值。方法收集西安交通大学第二附属医院2011—2020年胎儿磁共振图像结果,收集诊断为先天性膈疝的50例胎儿磁共振图像,包括左侧膈疝37例,右侧膈疝13例,检测并分析观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线的完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置等与患儿预后的关系。结果50例患儿中,存活35例(为存活组),死亡15例(为死亡组)。胎儿磁共振图像观察-预期肺容积比:存活组比死亡组为(35.09±10.87)比(24.29±6.86);肺肝比:存活组比死亡组为(2.68±1.01)比(1.93±0.93);纵膈移位角:存活组比死亡组为(30.88±7.07)比(39.05±4.21);差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。图像分析结果显示,胎儿磁共振肺底基线不完整、肝脏及胃泡位置疝入胸腔患儿的预后较差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受试者操作特征曲线分析结果显示,联合应用观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线的完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置等判断患儿预后,较单一参数判断更为准确,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胎儿磁共振观察-预期肺容积比、肺肝比、纵膈移位角、肺底基线完整性、肝脏及胃泡位置均可作为判断先天性膈疝患儿预后的评价指标,联合应用上述六项参数可以更加准确地判断患儿预后,以上述参数为基础构建先天性膈疝的评估体系,有助于先天性膈疝患儿的肺发育评估、体外膜肺氧合的应用判断以及手术方式的选择。     

The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of penile fracture

Purpose

We studied the use of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of penile fracture.

Materials and Methods

Between 1997 and 2012, fifteen patients (age range 17-48 years, mean age 37 years) with suspected penile fracture underwent MRI examinations. Ten patients were injured during sexual intercourse, whereas four patients were traumatized by non-physiological bending of the penis during self manupilation, one patient was traumatized falling from the bed. Investigations were performed with 1.5T MR unit. With the patient in the supine position, the penis was taped against the abdominal wall and surface coil was placed on the penis. All patients were studied with axial, coronal, sagittal precontrast and postcontrast T1-weighted TSE(TR/TE:538/13 msn) and T2-weighted TSE(5290/110 msn) sequences. All patient underwent surgical exploration. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 72 months. Clinically all patients showed normal healing process without complications. In 11 patients a shortening and thickening of tunica albuginea was observed. Three patients have post traumatic erectil disfunction.

Results

In all patient corpus cavernosum fractures were clearly depicted on a discontinuity of the low signal intensity of tunica albuginea. These findings were most evident on T1WI and also depicted on T2W sequences. Images obtained shortly after contrast medium administration showed considerable enhancement only in rupture site. Subcutaneous extratunical haematoma in all patients were also recognizable on T2 WI. MRI findings were confirmed at surgery.

Conclusions

Magnetic resonance imaging is of great value for the diagnosis of penile fracture. Furthermore this method is well suited for visualising the post-operative healing process