Successful regrafting of a transplanted liver

We report on the successful regrafting of a transplanted liver. The donor liver was first grafted into a patient suffering from cryptogenic cirrhosis; the patient died 1 day after the elective transplantation of cerebral bleeding. The well-functioning graft was harvested again and transferred to our institution. After another 12 h of cold ischemia, the liver was reperfused in an urgently registered patient with recurrence of hepatitis B in his first graft. The transplantation was successfully performed and the patient is now doing well, more than 5 months after regrafting with the reused liver. Received: 21 October 1996 Received after revision: 9 January 1997 Accepted: 27 January 1997     

再次肾移植影响因素探讨(附50例报告)

目的探讨影响再次肾移植成功率的因素及处理。方法回顾性分析50例再次肾移植临床资料,对再次移植与首次移植、切除与保留失功肾在人/肾存活率方面差异进行分析比较。结果再次移植与首次移植在病人存活率方面无明显差异,但移植肾存活率明显下降,排异反应发生率明显上升,以慢排为主;保留和切除失功肾对人/肾存活率及排异反应均无明显影响。结论再次移植仍是移植肾失功后首选治疗措施,其急排和慢排发生率较首次移植明显升高。失功肾的保留及距首次移植时间对排斥反应及人/肾存活率无影响。     

再次肝移植手术临床病例分析:附六例

目的 探讨影响再次肝移植预后的因素及再次移植手术问题.方法 回顾性总结2000年7月至2006年4月北京大学第三医院完成的6例再次肝移植病例临床资料,分析再次肝移植的原因、手术方法及病人转归.结果 6例再次肝移植的原因中:移植肝肝癌复发1例,乙型肝炎复发1例,慢性排斥反应2例,肝动脉血栓形成1例,药物性肝损害1例;再次肝移植时间距第一次肝移植平均(12.9±10.0)个月;术中出血平均(14 050±8 215)m1;平均手术时间(12.7±2.0)h.围手术期死亡3例.结论 再次肝移植病人术前一般情况差,手术风险大,正确把握手术时机及手术适应证,术中精细操作,减少出血,手术后采取个体化免疫抑制剂治疗方案等是提高再次肝移植病人存活率的关键因素.     

再次肝移植--挽救肝移植失败受体生命唯一的手段(附774例报告)

目的 评估肝移植，尤其是再次肝移植的长期随访结果及影响结果的因素。方法 对1981年2月至1998年4月期间进行的、存活时间大于2年的4000例肝移植进行随访，其中再次肝移植774例。根据首次肝移植的时间，分为A、B、C三期。结果 774例（19．4％）接受第2次肝移植，148例（3．7％）接受第3次肝移植，20例（0．5％）接受第4次肝移植，5例（0．13％）接受第5次及5次以上肝移植。第1次再移植原因主要为移植肝原发性无功能、肝动脉栓塞和排斥反应。C期再次肝移植率（13．4％）明显低于A期（33．4％）和B期（23．7％），P＝0．001。结论 掌握适当的再移植指征、再次手术时机、受体的选择和手术技巧，再次肝移植的长期生存率明显改善。     

对侧单肺再移植1例报告

肺移植是治疗终末期肺病唯一有效的方法,但各种原因导致的移植物失功是肺移植临床面临的重大问题,再移植是提高该类受者长期生存的唯一选择。     

Biliary complications secondary to late hepatic artery thrombosis in adult liver transplant patients

Abstract Biliary complications (BC) are the usual presentation of late hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) of the liver graft. Our aim was to study the clinical features and outcome of BC secondary to HAT compared to BC which occurred in liver transplant (LT) patients with patent vessels. We present a retrospective study of 224 LTs performed in 204 patients between 1988 and 1996. The mean recipient x s age was 51 years. A choledochocholedochostomy without T-tube was used as biliary reconstruction in most cases (67%); in 12%, a choledochojejunostomy was performed. An iliac conduit was necessary in 15 % of cases and back-table arterial reconstruction was performed in 10 % of cases of anatomic variants in graft arteries. Different donor, recipient and intraoperative variables, as well as treatment and outcome, were studied in the two groups of patients presenting BC with or without HAT. BC occurred in 38 cases (17%) whereas HAT was diagnosed in 11 cases (4.9%). Therefore, 23 % of BC encountered after LT were secondary to HAT. Nine cases of late HAT manifested as BC, septicaemia (88 %) and hepatic bilomas (8 cases). Percutaneous or surgical drainage of hepatic bilomas was performed in all cases, followed by retransplantation in six cases (66%). BC secondary to HAT appeared later than the rest of BC. Donor age was the only significant predisposing factor found in our study. Graft survival is significantly reduced as most patients needed re-transplantation. In conclusion, BC secondary to HAT presented later in livers from older donors in the form of biliary sepsis and hepatic biloma. Retransplantation was ultimately required in most cases and graft survival was significantly diminished.     

Lung retransplantation

Lung retransplantation comprises a small proportion of lung transplants performed throughout the world, but has become more frequent in recent years. The selection criteria for lung retransplantation are similar to those for initial lung transplant. Survival after lung retransplantation has improved over time, but still lags behind that of initial lung transplantation. These differences in outcome may be attributable to medical comorbidities. Lung retransplantation appears to be ethically justified; however, the optimal approach to lung allocation for retransplantation needs to be defined.     

Predictive factors for survival and score application in liver retransplantation for hepatitis C recurrence

AIM: To identify risk factors associated with survival in patients retransplanted for hepatitis C virus(HCV) recurrence and to apply a survival score to this population.METHODS: We retrospectively identified 108 patients retransplanted for HCV recurrence in eight European liver transplantation centers(seven in France, one in Spain). Data collection comprised clinical and laboratory variables, including virological and antiviral treatment data. We then analyzed the factors associated with survival in this population. A recently published score that predicts survival in retransplantation in patients with hepatitis C was applied. Because there are currently no uniform recommendations regarding selection of the best candidates for retransplantation in this setting, we also described the clinical characteristics of 164 patients not retransplanted, with F3, F4, or fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis(FCH) post-first graft presenting with hepatic decompensation. RESULTS: Overall retransplantation patient survival rates were 55%, 47%, and 43% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Patients who were retransplanted for advanced cirrhosis had survival rates of 59%, 52%, and 49% at 3, 5, and 10 years, while those retransplanted for FCH had survival rates of 34%, 29%, and 11%, respectively. Under multivariate analysis, and adjusting for the center effect and the occurrence of FCH, factors associated with better survival after retransplantation were: negative HCV viremia before retransplantation, antiviral therapy after retransplantation, non-genotype 1, a Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD) score 25 when replaced on the waiting list, and a retransplantation donor age 60 years. Although the numbers were small, in the context of the new antivirals era, we showed that outcomes in patientswho underwent retransplantation with undetectable HCV viremia did not depend on donor age and MELD score. The Andrés score was applied to 102 patients for whom all score variables were available, producing a mean score of 43.4(SD = 6.6). Survival rates after the date of the first decompensation post-first liver transplantation(LT1) in the liver retransplantation(re LT) group(94 patients decompensated) at 3, 5, and 10 years were 62%, 59%, and 51%, respectively, among 78 retransplanted individuals with advanced cirrhosis, and 42%, 32%, and 16% among 16 retransplanted individuals with FCH. In the non-re LT group with hepatic decompensation, survival rates were 27%, 18%, and 9% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively(P 0.0001). Compared with non-retransplanted patients, retransplanted patients were younger at LT1(mean age 48 ± 8 years compared to 53 ± 9 years in the no re LT group, P 0.0001), less likely to have human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection(4% vs 14% among no re LT patients, P = 0.005), more likely to have received corticosteroid bolus therapy after LT1(25% in re LT vs 12% in the no re LT group, P = 0.01), and more likely to have presented with sustained virological response(SVR) after the first transplantation(20% in the re LT group vs 7% in the no re LT group, P = 0.028).CONCLUSION: Antiviral therapy before and after retransplantation had a substantial impact on survival in the context of retransplantation for HCV recurrence, and with the new direct-acting antivirals now available, outcomes should be even better in the future.     

再次肾移植49例的回顾性分析

我院自１９７８年６月至１９９９５年４月共进行了１１６８次肾移植，其中再次肾移植４９例。首次肾移植失败的原因以慢性排斥为主，其次为超急性排斥反应。首次肾失功至再次肾移植时间６个月以内８例，术后肾功能恢复达６２．５％，其中２周以内再次肾移植４例，肾功能均恢复正常，半年至１年，１年至２年，２年以上再植肾功能恢复正常的分别为７１．４％，４０．％，４１．７％。     

Prompt treatment of initial acute rejection episodes may improve long-term graft outcome

Abstract Acute rejection episodes have been cited as a major immunological risk factor for the development of chronic rejection. To examine the influence of a single rejection event on ultimate graft outcome, acutely rejection rat kidney grafts were retransplanted sequentially into syngeneic rats and their functional and structural behavior assessed over time. Early structural changes (days 3 and 4) were completely reversible, while signs of chronic rejection did become obvious during the long-term follow up. More advanced deteriorated grafts (days 5 and 7) were irreversibly damaged and the rats died shortly after retransplantation. Those results indicate the critical impact of acute rejection episodes on chronic graft rejection. Immediate and aggressive treatment of acute rejection episodes may remove this event as a risk factor for late deteriorating changes.