全反式维甲酸对防治经皮冠脉介入治疗后再狭窄的临床疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量全反式维甲酸（ATRA）对防治经皮冠脉介入治疗（PCI）后再狭窄（Rs）的疗效。方法2004年7月至2005年9月连续入院行PCI的冠心病300例。随机分为全反式维甲酸正常剂量组（10mgt．i．d p．o，甲组）、强化剂量组（20mgt．i．d p．o，乙组）、对照组（丙组）。6个月后分别比较甲乙丙三组的再狭窄率、心脏事件发生率和心功能。结果300例患者中男性228例、女性72例。住院期间甲乙丙三组比较：心绞痛9％VS8％VS9％；再次急性心肌梗死（AMI）O％VS2％VS1％；再次缺血性血运重建（TVR）3％VS2％VS3％；心源性死亡4％VS6％VS4％，P〉0．05，无显著统计学差异。随访期间三组比较：心绞痛12％VS9％VS20％；再次AMII％VSO％VS1％；心源性死亡2％VS4％VS4％，P〉0．05，无显著统计学差异；再狭窄率3／33（9．1％）VS2／30（6．7％）VS12／32（37．5％）；TVR3％VS2％VS11％，P〈0．05，有显著统计学差异。结论常规剂量ATRA防治再狭窄安全有效。     

Prevention of Restenosis after Coronary Angioplasty with Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis

Abstract: A prospective study was performed to determine whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis, when performed only immediately before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), is effective in preventing restenosis of coronary artery lesions following PTCA. Thirty-six patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and hypercholesterolemia were divided into 2 groups. The 9 patients in the LDL group underwent LDL-apheresis 1 day before and 5 days after PTCA while the 27 patients of the control group underwent PTCA but did not undergo LDL-apheresis. Follow-up coronary angiography (CAG) was performed 4 months after PTCA. The rate of restenosis of coronary artery lesions was significantly lower in the LDL group (0%) than in the control group (30%). These findings suggest that LDL-apheresis, when performed before and after PTCA, is effective in preventing restenosis of coronary artery lesions in patients with CHD and hypercholesterolemia.     

球囊成形术后氯沙坦对兔血管内膜增殖及巨噬细胞表达的影响

目的　通过观察AT1受体的特异性拮抗剂氯沙坦 (Losartan)对兔腹主动脉球囊成形术后内膜增殖和巨噬细胞表达的影响 ,探讨氯沙坦治疗血管再狭窄的机制。方法　采用内皮剥脱加高脂饮食 (含 1 5 %胆固醇 )喂养 8周制作兔腹主动脉粥样硬化膜型 ,然后对狭窄部位行球囊成形术。术后氯沙坦组给予氯沙坦 10mg·kg-1·day-1口服 ,对照组喂生理盐水。 4周后取腹主动脉行组织形态学观察 ,用免疫组织化学方法分析巨噬细胞。结果　对照组内膜厚度 /中膜厚度比值为 0 65± 0 17,氯沙坦组则减少为0 44± 0 11(P <0 0 1) ,对照组内膜面积 /中膜面积比值为 0 74± 0 16,氯沙坦组则减少为 0 5 4± 0 13(P <0 0 1)。氯沙坦组新生内膜中巨噬细胞数亦较对照组显著减少 (P <0 0 1)。结论　氯沙坦通过抑制AngⅡ的作用进而抑制巨噬细胞的浸润 ,抑制炎症反应 ,从而减轻再狭窄     

Can supplementation of diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce coronary angioplasty restenosis rate?

The objective of this blinded, randomized, prospective study was to assess whether supplementation of normal diet with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce angiographically defined restenosis following coronary angioplasty. The study included all patients undergoing coronary angioplasty in this institution between January 1988 and January 1989. One hundred and twenty patients enrolled, 60 in each treatment group. All were randomized to either supplementation of normal diet with 3 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day started 1-2 days prior to angioplasty and continued for 6 months (treatment group), or to receive standard therapy only (control group). Quantitative angiographically defined restenosis was assessed at 6 months post angioplasty. Restenosis occurred in 27.8% (95% CI 18.0-37.7%) of lesions in the treatment group and in 28.3% (CI 16.9-39.7%) of lesions in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study showed that diet supplemented with 3 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids started 1-2 days preceding angioplasty does not reduce angiographically defined restenosis rate.     

卡托普利对血管成形术后再狭窄作用的实验研究

目的探讨卡托普利对血管成形术后再狭窄的干预作用。方法SD雄性大鼠60只,分单损组、干预组和对照组。单损组采用改良导丝法制作大鼠颈动脉再狭窄模型。干预组将卡托普利研磨成粉状,生理盐水稀释配制成5mg/ml溶液,分别于制模前6 d开始按10 mg/(kg.d)剂量经灌胃针给予大鼠至术后各时间点。对侧颈总动脉作为假手术对照组。每组各时间点6只大鼠,于制模后1天、4天、7天、14天及28天原位灌注固定取材。根据HE染色标本情况,选血管形态结构完整的50个标本,进行HE染色,采用病理图像分析系统染色片进行形态计量分析。结果损伤后从第7天起新生内膜厚度和面积逐渐增加,到28天达峰值;与单损组比较,干预组血管壁三层厚度无显著差别,干预组第14、28天新生内膜面积显著减低。狭窄率于血管损伤后逐渐增加,到28天达峰值,与单损组比较,干预组在14天和28天狭窄率明显变小,各时间点内弹力板面积、外弹力板面积及重塑指数两组之间无显著差别。结论卡托普利减小大鼠颈动脉损伤后新生内膜面积及狭窄率,抑制新生内膜形成,但不改变内、外弹力板面积及重塑指数,不影响血管收缩性重塑。     

Fluid and solid mechanical implications of vascular stenting

Vascular stents have emerged as an effective treatment for occlusive vascular disease. Despite their success and widespread use, outcomes for patients receiving stents are still hampered by thrombosis and restensosis. As arteries attempt to adapt to the mechanical changes created by stents, they may in fact create a new flow-limiting situation similar to that which they were intended to correct. In vitro fluid mechanics and solid mechanics studies of stented vessels have revealed important information about how stents alter the mechanical environment in the arteries into which they are placed. Adverse nonlaminar flow patterns have been demonstrated as well as remarkably high stress concentrations in the vessel wall. In vivo studies of stented vessels have also shown a strong relationship between stent design and their dynamic performance within arteries. Alterations in pressure and flow pulses distal to the stent have been observed, as well as regional changes in vascular compliance. Considering the influence of flow and stress on the vascular response and the suboptimal clinical outcomes associated with stenting, knowledge gained from stent/artery mechanics studies should play an increasingly important role in improving the long-term patency of these devices. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8719Rr, 8780-y, 8719Uv     

冠脉内支架临床发展策略

冠脉内支架是临床上预防ＰＴＣＡ并发症的有效措施，但金属支架固有的血栓菜成原性和对血管壁组织的永久性刺激可导致院内心脏事件和再狭窄。为解决上述问题，作者提出，血管内支架联合靶向药物传输离子照射或基因治疗、基因修饰的内皮细胞的种植支架、吱物可吸收缓释药物支架材料研制为临床冠脉内支架开辟了广阔的发展前景。     

化学性血管再狭窄大鼠模型的建立

为了开展对平滑肌增生引起血管狭窄的实验研究。用化学方法损伤内皮细胞建立血管平滑肌增生模型。方法是利用不同浓度三氯化铁和改变作用时间,造成不同程度的血管内皮损伤,使平滑肌细胞从中膜迁移到内膜增生形成的动脉狭窄,其病理变化和气囊插管法相似,操作容易,可定量控制损伤程度,个体间差异较小,适于大规模药效试验和新药筛选。     

两个地区东方田鼠基因组RAPD分析比较研究

为了建立一种与临床上冠脉搭桥手术和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）等病理过程相似的血管再狭窄模型,探讨血管再构和新内膜形成的机理,及在血管再狭窄中所起的重要作用,我们用不同品系（BALB／cA和C57BL／6J）小鼠的左颈总动脉进行了结扎,在2周和4周后,分别作病理学观察,结果发现两种品系小鼠产生了不同的病理结果,C57BL／6J小鼠有明显的血管狭窄和炎症细胞浸润,而BALB／cA小鼠虽有炎症细胞的浸润,但血管的内膜无炎症细胞浸润,也无血管狭窄表现,结果提示：血管再狭窄是血管再构和新内膜形成的共同原因。     

Rhenium-188-Labeled DTPA: a new radiopharmaceutical for intravascular radiation therapy

Balloon angioplasty is a standard treatment for artherosclerotic coronary artery disease. However, its clinical value is reduced by a high restenosis rate. A new concept in preventing restenosis is the use of a liquid-filled balloon containing a beta-emitting radioisotope. In this study, we performed biodistribution studies of Re-188 perrhenate and Re-188 diethylenetriaminopentaacetate (DTPA) to assess the resulting organ dose values in the event of balloon rupture if these agents are used for the clinical inhibition of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After injecting Re-188 preparations intravenously, rats were killed at 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 2 h, and 6 h ( n =5 per group). Tissue concentrations were calculated and expressed as percent injected dose per gram or per milliliter (%ID/g or %ID/mL). In addition, urine excretion and thyroid gland uptake were evaluated in rats ( n=5 per group) with a gamma camera after administration of 37 MBq (1 mCi) of each agent. Our data showed that both agents were excreted primarily via urine. However, the excretion of Re-188 DTPA was much faster than that of Re-188 perrhenate via the urinary system. The biodistribution data revealed that radioactivity levels in the stomach and the thyroid gland were high in the perrhenate group but low in the Re-188 DTPA group. The concentration levels in other tissues including lung, liver, testis, muscle, and blood were low throughout this study for both agents. The thyroid radiation value in the Re-188 perrhenate group was 0.163 mGy/MBq, which was much higher than that of the Re-188 DTPA group (0.0167 mGy/MBq). The stomach radiation value was as high as 0.127 mGy/MBq for Re-188 perrhenate, compared with 0.013 mGy/MBq for Re-188 DTPA. In conclusion, in the event of balloon rupture, the release of Re-188 DTPA results in lower radiation doses than Re-188 perrhenate, especially to the thyroid gland and the stomach. Our data suggest that Re-188 DTPA is a useful radiopharmaceutical for endovascular irradiation.