铸造支架联合NITI悬臂梁矫正舌倾下颌磨牙的临床效果评价

目的 评价NITI悬臂梁在矫正舌倾下颌磨牙中的临床效果。方法 选择16例单侧下颌第二磨牙舌倾的病例为研究对象,带垫铸造支架连接双侧下颌后牙,提供颌内支抗、解除咬合锁结,0.018英寸×0.025英寸或0.019英寸×0.025英寸NITI悬臂梁提供颊向旋转力矩和压低力。采用Graphpad Prism 6.0 软件对治疗前、后所测数据进行配对 t 检验。结果 所有患牙均获得直立,牙轴变化24°±1.2°（P<0.01）,近中舌尖到正中矢状面垂直距离变化（3±0.8） mm（P<0.05）,牙周状况良好,咬合关系稳定。结论 铸造支架联合NITI 悬臂梁可提供有效力学机制,矫正舌倾下颌磨牙。     

敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响

目的 研究敷料更换的不同次数对穿刺引流术后穿刺口感染的影响.方法 随机将该院2013年6月—2014年7月收治的100位进行穿刺引流术的患者分为两组,50例为A组,50例为B组. 为A组患者1周更换1次敷料,B组患者1周更换2次敷料. 对两组患者穿刺口感染的情况进行分析比较. 结果 A组患者穿刺口感染的几率显著低于B组(P<0.05),A组患者的病原菌定植率显著低于B组(P<0.05),两组患者导管相关性血流感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 穿刺引流术后的患者1周更换1次敷料比较合理,既能降低患者术后穿刺口感染的几率,又能降低医护人员的工作量,但要注意在敷料发生松动或者潮湿时也要及时进行更换.     

Framing the child at risk

Risk Assessment Reports are one form of accounting practice which delineate the space of risk considered in a child abuse neglect investigation. The paper analyses two Risk Assessment Reports, contrasting what is reported, what is directly observed and what is hypothesized and implied by child protection practitioners during the assessment of risk. From an analysis of these two reports (each 4 – 5 pages long), the paper identifies the rhetorical strategies and their realizations used by two practitioners in framing the child at risk. The paper problematizes the tension between the institutional need to constrain the exercise of professional judgement through Risk Assessment Models, and the extent to which practitioners actually localize the framing of risk to specific areas of investigation.     

同种异体骨支撑架微创治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的应用改良髓芯减压术结合同种异体骨支撑架加自体骨和脱钙骨基质（decalcified bone matrix，DBM）治疗早期股骨头坏死，探索早期股骨头坏死的微创治疗方法。方法2004年1月～2005年4月，23例24个髋关节采用经大转子下通过股骨颈钻隧道至股骨头骨坏死区，将装有自体松质骨和DBM的同种异体骨支撑架经隧道拧入骨坏死区直至软骨下骨约5mm处，隧道远端用自体髂骨填塞。观察手术前后Harris评分变化、x线影像学表现及是否需进一步治疗。结果本组所有患者均获得随访，平均随访19（12—27）个月，以最后一次随访资料作为最终评价依据。Harris评分，术前优良率为43．5％（10／23）。术后优良率为91．3％（21／23）。22侧髋关节影像学表现保持稳定，无明显并发症发生。结论同种异体骨支撑架植入结合自体松质骨和DBM治疗成人股骨头坏死，增加了股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑，成骨作用强，有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建，同时，不破坏患者股骨头本身的血液供应，创伤小，操作简单，值得临床推广使用。     

Stereotactic craniotomy and intraoperative lesion localisation using the Brown-Robert-Wells frame

Summary A simple technique of stereotactic craniotomy and intraoperative lesion localisation that uses the Brown-Robert-Wells (BRW) stereotactic frame is presented. The method optimises craniotomy placement and facilitates localisation of small intracerebral lesions. Using the system, 16 patients have had resection of intracranial neoplasms from deep and/or eloquent areas of the brain with no neurological morbidity.     

超声引导经皮穿刺活检与CA19-9联合检测对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值

目的 :探讨超声引导下经皮穿刺活检与CA19 9联合检测对胰腺占位性病变的诊断价值。　方法 :对 30例超声检查怀疑胰腺占位性病变者行血清学CA19 9检测 ,并在体表B超引导下 ,用 18G或 19G切割活检针和 2 2G抽吸活检针行组织学和细胞学检查。　结果 :CA19 9诊断的敏感性为 92 % ,特异性 5 0 % ,准确性 92 %。超声引导经皮穿刺活检 30例患者总穿刺成功率为 93.3% (2 8/ 30 ) ,2 6例胰腺癌患者穿刺成功率为 92 .3% (2 4 / 2 6 ) ,活检阳性者 2 3例 ,其诊断敏感性为 88.4 % ,特异性 10 0 % ,准确性 88.4 %。CA19 9与超声引导经皮穿刺活检联合检测对胰腺占位性病变诊断的敏感性为 92 .3%、特异性 10 0 %、准确性 92 .3% ,与单行超声引导经皮穿刺活检比较有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而且对患者的治疗及预后有指导意义。穿刺结束后除个别患者有轻微腹痛外 ,无一例出现出血、胰瘘及胃穿孔等并发症。　结论 :体表B超引导下经皮穿刺与CA19 9联合检测对胰腺占位性病变诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性较单一检测高 ,而且对患者的治疗及预后有一定价值 ,是一种安全、可靠的方法。     

Bone marrow punctures and pain

We prospectively analysed pain in 263 patients induced by a frequent diagnostic procedure for oncologists, specifically the bone marrow puncture. Substantial pain (5 and more out of 10 on a numerical rating scale) was reported by 30.4% of patients, but physicians did not realize this procedure-related pain of patients in more than 50% of such punctures. The necessity for improved analgesia is emphasized by the fact, that at least 50% of patients experiencing substantial pain wished to receive concomitant medication in future punctures. Duration of the procedure was identified as sole independent predictive factor for patients’ pain intensity, while patients’ characteristics like gender, age and body-mass index (BMI) played only a minor role. As premedication with analgesics or anxiolytics may be associated with significant side-effects and an early identification of patients prone to experience severe pain is therefore difficult, further studies are warranted to establish an adequate approach in terms of pain control and feasibility in an ambulatory setting. In the meantime, daily physicians’ practice should be changed, as a pain-focused patient interview and presented indicators can be used in order to increase physicians’ awareness to procedure-related pain and augment their application of analgesics.     

X线、超声联合导向介入治疗布-加氏综合征

目的:探讨X线、超声联合导向下对布 加氏综合征的介入治疗方法和临床应用价值。方法:本组病人 30例,采用X线和超声联合导向。穿刺下腔静脉闭塞或狭窄部位,经球囊扩张后在X线、超声联合定位置入支架 成形。结果:28例成功,占93%。无严重并发症。术后患者症状明显缓解,下腔静脉压基本恢复正常(治疗前 2.8±0.51kPa,治疗后0.7±0.2kPa)。结论:采用X线、超声联合导向介入治疗布 加氏综合征是一种成功率高、 损伤小、效果可靠的治疗方法。     

虹吸原理在静脉穿刺中的应用

目的 :探讨虹吸原理在静脉穿刺中的应用 ,提高静脉穿刺的成功率。方法 :随机将 84例患者分为两组 ,一组用虹吸穿刺法 ,即将输液瓶放置在离穿刺部位 6 0cm左右的下方穿刺 ;一组用常规法。结果 :两组中用虹吸法立即回血占 88 1% ,用常规方法立即回血占 2 1 4 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :此法提高了静脉穿刺成功率。     

高压氧结合针灸治疗脑外伤患者的效果观察与分析

目的:观察高压氧结合针灸治疗脑外伤患者的疗效。方法:对96例脑外伤患者采用高压氧、针灸配合药物进行综合治疗。同时,对83例对照组患者根据病情给予降颅压、抗感染、改善脑供血、保护脑细胞等治疗,有手术指征者行清除血肿、减压和清创术。结果:出院时两组患者功能比较,治疗组明显优于对照组,有显著性差异(P<0.O1),疗效治疗组也明显好于对照组。结论:高压氧结合针灸治疗能够明显提高脑损伤患者疗效,对肢体功能有明显提高。