尺骨假关节成形术尺桡骨的生物力学变化

目的了解尺骨假关节成形术对尺桡骨应力的影响。方法用新鲜尸体上肢标本 9只 ,于尺桡骨远端背侧骨表面粘贴应变片 ,在前臂中立位 ,旋前和旋后 40°位 ,应用动态加载方法研究其应力变化。结果尺骨假关节成形术后 ,尺骨切骨远端应力升高 (P <0 0 5 )。桡骨远端应力无变化 (P >0 0 5 )。术后桡骨承受的轴向压力显著升高。结论尺骨假关节成形术在改善前臂旋转功能和稳定腕关节的同时 ,可能对肱桡关节造成不利影响 ,临床上值得重视     

Upper tibial corticocancellous flap anatomy study (19.2.93)

Summary A cortico-cancellous flap from the anterolateral aspect of the upper third of the tibia was presented. Sixty lower limbs of fresh cadavers were dissected. The vascular bundle includes the anterior tibial artery and its recurrent collateral branches and recurrent and muscllo periostal arteries. The flap is harvested with the interosseous membrane and can be used either free or pedicled. We used this flap for two patients suffering from pseudarthrosis. Long range clinical and radiological results are good.

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Le transfert osseux vascularisé tibial superieur

Résumé Les auteurs décrivent un transfert ostéo-periosté vascularisé, prélevé sur la face antéro-latérale de l'extremité supérieure du tibia. L'étude anatomique porte sur soixante membres inférieurs, conservés au froid. La vascularisation métaphysaire du transfert provient de la branche récurrente tibiale antérieure et de ses rameaux, la vascularisation diaphysaire étant issue des branches musculo-périostiées proximales. Le transfert vascularisé est prélevé avec la membrane interosseuse et peut être pediculé ou libre. L'expérience clinique porte sur deux cas de pseudarthroses multiopérées. Les résultats cliniques et radiologiques sont bons à long terme.

     

Clinical sequelae after rhBMP-2 use in a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Background contextRecent reports of postoperative radiculitis, bone osteolysis, and symptomatic ectopic bone formation after recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) use in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIFs) are a cause for concern.PurposeTo determine the clinical and radiographic complications associated with BMP utilization in a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) environment.Study design/settingRetrospective clinical case series at a single institution.Patient sampleFive hundred seventy-three consecutive patients undergoing an MIS-TLIF.Outcome measuresReoperation rates and total costs associated with complications of rhBMP-2 use and pseudarthrosis.MethodsA retrospective review of 610 consecutive patients undergoing an MIS-TLIF (2007–2010) by a single surgeon at our institution was performed (mean age 48.7 years, range 26–82 years). All patients underwent an MIS laminectomy with bilateral facetectomy, single TLIF cage, unilateral pedicle screw fixation, and 12 mg (large kit) or 4.2 mg (small kit) of rhBMP-2. The BMP-2 collagen-soaked sponge was placed anteriorly in the disc space, followed by local bone graft, and then the cage was filled only with local bone and no BMP-2. Patients were evaluated at 6 months and 1 year with computed tomography (CT) scan. Those demonstrating neuroforaminal bone growth, osteolysis/cage migration, or pseudarthrosis were reviewed, and cost data including direct cost/procedure for both index and revision surgeries were collected.ResultsOf the 573 patients, 10 (1.7%) underwent 15 additional procedures based on recalcitrant radiculopathy and CT evidence of neuroforaminal bone growth, vertebral body osteolysis, and/or cage migration. Thirty-nine patients (6.8%) underwent reoperation for clinically symptomatic pseudarthrosis. Bone overgrowth was associated with nerve impingement and radiculopathy in all 10 patients (small kit, n=9; large kit, n=1). Osteolysis and cage migration occurred in 2 (20%) of these same 10 patients. Average total costs were calculated per procedure ($19,224), and the costs for reoperation equaled $14,785 per encounter for neuroforaminal bone growth and $20,267 for pseudarthrosis.ConclusionsSymptomatic ectopic bone formation, vertebral osteolysis, and pseudarthrosis are recognized complications with the use of rhBMP-2 in MIS-TLIFs. Potential causes include improper dosage and a closed space that prevents the egress of the postoperative BMP-2 fluid collection. Management of these complications has a substantial cost for the patient and the surgeon and needs to be considered with the off-label use of rhBMP-2.     

先天性胫骨假关节的文献计量学分析CSCD

Objective To quantify the 100 most frequently cited papers in CPT for predicting research hotspots for benefitting future clinical outcomes. Methods Web of Science database was searched for publications related to CPT original research from January 1, 1900 to December 31, 2022. And Cited Reference Search tool was employed for retrieving articles to determine the most cited item. Then a knowledge map was generated for number ofcitations, publication year, publication periodical, author unit, publication country and key words. Results Top 100 selected articles were cited from 11 to 196 times and publication period started from 1928 to 2016. Clinical research was the major type (n =93) and only 7 studies belonged to basic research. The largest contribution came from the United States (n =37), followed by Republic of Korea (n =9), Germany (n =6) and Italy (n=6). The frequently appearing keywords were divided into 2 groups of “Neurofibroma” and “Clinical characteristic of pseudarthrosis”. And term “NF1” was the latest hot spot in the most cited article. Conclusion Current researches on CPT focuse upon clinical treatment. Basic research on the pathogenesis of CPT is still relatively lacking. In the future, investment in basic research on CPT should be strengthened to provide a more comprehensive treatment for CPT. © 2022, Journal of Clinical Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Methods of evaluating lumbar and cervical fusion

Introduced in 1911, spinal fusion is now widely used to stabilize the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, including the use of instrumentation and optimizing bone graft options, pseudarthrosis remains one of the most significant causes of clinical failure following attempted fusion. Diagnosis of this common complication is based on a focused clinical assessment and imaging studies. Pseudarthrosis classically presents with the onset of or return of axial or radicular symptoms during the first postoperative year. However, this diagnosis is complicated because other diagnoses can mimic these symptoms (such as infection or adjacent segment degeneration) and because many cases of pseudarthrosis are asymptomatic. Computed tomography and assessment of motion on flexion/extension radiographs are the two preferred imaging modalities for establishing the diagnosis of pseudarthrosis. The purpose of this article was to review the current status of imaging and clinical practices for assessing fusion following spinal arthrodesis.     

Characterizing the fusion order and level-specific rates of arthrodesis in 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A radiographic study

Pseudarthrosis is a well-recognized complication following multi-level ACDF. We aim to characterize the fusion order and level-specific rates of arthrodesis across four time points following 3-level ACDF. Patients who underwent 3-level ACDF by three UCSF spine surgeons from August 2012 to December 2019 were identified. Fusion status at each level was determined by measuring the interspinous motion on flexion and extension radiographs and assessing for evidence of bridging bone. Measurements were performed post-operatively at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 18–24 months. A total of 77 patients with 3-level ACDF were identified and included in this study. Specific ACDF levels include C3-C6 (17 patients), C4-C7 (57 patients), and C5-T1 (3 patients). At 6 months, the cranial, middle, and caudal level fusion rates were 17.0%, 34.0%, and 3.8%, respectively. By 24 months, fusion rates were 61.1%, 88.9%, and 27.8% at the cranial, middle, and caudal level, respectively. PEEK cages were associated with lower odds of multi-level arthrodesis. Arthrodesis occurred the quickest at the middle level with an 88.9% fusion rate by 24 months after surgery. The caudal level had the slowest rate of arthrodesis with only a 27.8% fusion rate at 24 months, likely due to increased biomechanical stress at the most caudal level. Allograft was associated with higher odds of multi-level arthrodesis compared to PEEK cages.     

BMP、IL- 1、IL- 6、TNF-α在先天性胫骨假关节中的表达

目的了解先天性胫骨假关节 (congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia， CPT)中骨形态发生蛋白 (bone morphogenetic proteins,BMP)、白细胞介素 1(interleukin－ 1,IL－ 1)、白细胞介素 6(interleukin－ 6,IL－ 6)、肿瘤坏死因子 (tumor necrosis factor,TNF－α )的表达，探讨它们在 CPT发病机制中的作用。方法采用免疫组化方法对 24例 CPT患者的 25例病变骨膜标本中 BMP、 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α的表达水平进行检测。与正常骨膜 (10例 )，创伤性假关节 (traumatic pseudarthrosis， TP)骨膜 (20例 )和纤维瘤病组织 (10例 )对照。结果所有正常骨膜标本中 BMP染色均为阳性， TP骨膜中 8例标本 BMP染色阳性，而 CPT骨膜和纤维瘤病病变组织中未见 BMP染色阳性 ,与正常骨膜和 TP骨膜相比差异有显著性意义 (P< 0.05)；正常骨膜、 TP骨膜中未见 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α染色阳性，而 CPT骨膜和纤维瘤病病变组织中均有部分标本染色阳性，与正常骨膜及 TP骨膜相比差异有显著性意义 (P< 0.05)。结论 BMP、 IL－ 1、 IL－ 6、 TNF－α的异常表达在先天性胫骨假关节发病中起重要作用。     

Pseudarthrosis in fibrous dysplasia treated with bone morphogenetic protein

We present a case of pseudarthrosis in a patient suffering from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the right part of the body that was successfully treated with bone morphogenetic protein. Pseudarthrosis occurred after proximal femoral shaft fracture due to a motorcycle accident initially treated by intramedullary nailing. After revision, the patient was treated by pseudarthrosis debridement and grafting of bone morphogenetic protein-7/osteogenic protein-1, resulting in callus formation that allowed indolent full weight-bearing after 6 weeks. The underlying disease as well as the described treatment is discussed.     

Infected Segmental Defect Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a consequent and protocolized approach of infected segmental defect pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Patients and Methods: During the period 1993–2000, we treated 18 patients for infected tibial pseudarthrosis with additional segmental bone loss. The method of bone reconstruction was chosen depending on the size of the segmental defect and other factors such as condition of the soft tissues and the patients age. The following treatment procedures were performed: primary shortening (five patients), one or more cancellous bone grafting procedures to bridge the skeletal defect (nine patients), bone segment transport according to Ilizarov (three patients), and free vascularized transplantation of the contralateral fibula (one patient). The number of complications, operative procedures and hospital admissions differed between the four patient groups with different bone defect reconstructions, however, the differences were not significant. Results: In twelve patients, limb salvage was successful. Most of these patients had no or little limitations in daily life and returned to work. The mean lower extremity impairment score was 13% (range: 0–43%). Six patients underwent amputation, due to various reasons. Conclusions: The problem of infected tibial pseudarthrosis with segmental bone loss remains important despite advances in diagnostics and management. If limb salvage is successful, the ultimate functional outcome will be good in the majority of cases. In selected cases, amputation is still indicated.     

顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节手术治疗的改良

目的探讨顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节改良术式的临床治疗效果。方法1999年1月～2005年8月对顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节7例患儿，男5例，女2例，年龄2～11岁，采用带监测皮岛的游离腓骨移植，胫骨假关节切除及胫骨部分骨膜环剥，血管束植入的综合方法治疗。结果经1～4年的随访，平均1．5年，7例患儿假关节均已骨性愈合，其中4例已在支具保护下负重，3例完全不需支具保护负重。随访期间未出现再骨折现象。结论以最大限度的切除病变组织，改善局部血循环为中心的改良术式对于顽固性小儿先天性胫骨假关节的治疗有较好的疗效。