新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的应用研究

目的:通过体外试验探讨新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的安全性及准确性。方法:选取2018年1月至2018年6月行颈椎三维CT的患者40例,男21例,女19例;身高165～180(172.9±9.5) cm,年龄38～55(51.1±12.8)岁,排除枢椎椎板缺损及发育不全患者。每例患者的颈椎三维CT数据制作两套3D打印标本,共80个颈椎标本,均用于体外置钉试验。根据置钉方式的不同,体外试验部分分为导向器置钉组40个和徒手置钉组40个。同时,在计算机上重建出该40例患者的颈椎三维模型,通过计算机模拟置钉,得到理想出针点数据与理想内倾角度,此为3D模拟置钉组(理想钉道),40例。在体外试验中,分别测量导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组置入螺钉的位置危险等级、出针点位置及内倾角度。并以出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度为基准,将导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组数据对比,并将各组数据行统计学分析以确定准确性。结果:导向组螺钉位置可接受的为75例,位置危险的为5例,可接受率为94%,双皮质率为93%。徒手组螺钉位置可接受为62例,位置危险为18例,可接受率为78%,双皮质率33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。导向器置钉组与3D模拟置钉组的出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:本导向器为通用型,结构稳定,导向精确,操作简便,可同时置入双侧椎板钉,缩短置钉时间,同时可有效避免双向交叉螺钉的碰撞,增加双皮质率,有效提高枢椎椎板钉置钉的效率和安全性。     

3D打印技术在肝脏外科应用现状及展望

随着3D打印技术在医学领域的蓬勃发展,传统医学正向着数字化精准医学转换。精准肝脏外科的特点是通过术前精准评估和手术规划、术中精细解剖止血而使患者获得最佳康复。3D技术通过影像学数据构建出肝脏仿真模型,可以让外科医师从三维角度上充分认识肝脏,从而更好完成术前评估与规划。生物3D打印作为近年新兴的学科,未来有望解决肝移植手术供体短缺、肝脏切除术后残肝体积不足等问题。     

Usefulness of 3-Dimensional-Printed Breast Surgical Guides for Undetectable Ductal Carcinoma In Situ on Ultrasonography: A Report of 2 Cases

Tumor localization is challenging in the context of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with breast-conserving surgery. Conventional localization methods are generally performed under the guidance of ultrasonography or mammography and are rarely performed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is more sensitive than the aforementioned modalities in detecting DCIS. Here, we report the application of MRI-based individualized 3-dimensional (3D)-printed breast surgical guides (BSGs) for patients with breast cancer. We successfully resected indeterminate and suspicious lesions that were only detected using preoperative MRI, and the final histopathologic results confirmed DCIS with clear resection margins. MRI guidance combined with 3D-printed BSGs can be used for DCIS localization, especially for lesions easily detectable using MRI only.     

Accuracy of position of cutting and drilling guide for sagittal split guided surgery: a proof of concept study

The benefits of three-dimensional planning and guided surgery have been realised over the last few years in maxillofacial surgery. Reproducing the exact positioning of the cutting and drilling guides on the flat mandibular angles defined by the engineer is a challenge for the surgeon and for the reliability of guided bilateral sagittal split osteotomy. Reference screws positioned on the skeleton before the acquisition of medical computed tomographic data can provide a fixed landmark that can be used during surgery and by the engineer during the design phase. The objective of this proof of concept in vitro study is to calculate the accuracy obtained for guides positioned by inserting a reference screw. The precision obtained for 30 guides following the insertion of 30 reference screws on 15 mandibular models was analysed. The models were scanned using an optical scanner and compared to CAD-CAM projects. The mean (SD) absolute position (in)-inaccuracy is 0.1616 (0.1141) mm for the entire guide surface and 0.13143 (0.0835) mm for the rim surface. The results indicate that the use of reference screws is efficient, and so they can be used to position guides accurately during guided bilateral sagittal split osteotomy.     

动态导航下不同深度环钻定位精确度的体外评价

目的: 通过3D打印的体外模型评价使用动态导航系统引导下环钻在不同深度定位的精确度。方法: 设计并使用3D打印技术以Veroclear树脂制作标准化模型,分别在距离模型外表面5、10、15 mm深度预留半球型空腔。拍摄锥形束CT(cone beam CT,CBCT)并将数据导入动态导航软件中(迪凯尔公司,中国),建立导航路径规划。在导航引导下使用直径4.5 mm的环钻完成入路操作,每个深度完成10例入路。拍摄术后模型的CBCT,重建导航下的入路轨迹,并与设计路径进行对比,计算实际动态导航路径与设计路径之间的二维距离偏差、深度偏差、三维距离偏差及角度偏差。结果: 5 mm深度下动态导航终点位置与目标位置的二维距离偏差为(0.37±0.06) mm、深度偏差为(0.06±0.05) mm、三维距离偏差为(0.38±0.07) mm、角度偏差为2.46°±0.54°;10 mm深度下动态导航终点位置与目标位置的4项偏差分别为(0.44±0.05) mm、(0.16±0.06) mm、(0.47±0.05) mm、2.45°±1.21°;15 mm深度下动态导航终点位置与目标位置的4项偏差分别为(0.52±0.14) mm、(0.16±0.07) mm、(0.55±0.15) mm、3.25°±1.22°。随着进入深度的增加,动态导航系统的三维及深度精确度均下降(P<0.01),定位角度偏差与进入深度无关(P>0.01)。结论: 动态导航技术在15 mm的深度范围内仍可以达到较高的定位精确度,但其偏差值随着进入深度的增加而增大。     

标杆型3D打印导板在寰枢椎脱位治疗中的应用疗效及准确性研究

背景:寰枢椎解剖结构复杂,寰枢椎后方毗邻生命中枢延髓,徒手进行寰枢椎椎弓根置钉有较大难度,一旦出现置钉偏差即有可能造成椎动脉、脊髓、静脉丛及神经根的损伤。目的:探讨标杆型3D打印导板在寰枢椎脱位治疗中的应用疗效及准确性。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年3月收治的44例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,根据治疗方式不同分为徒手置钉的对照组20例,标杆型3D打印导板辅助置钉的研究组24例。观察两组的手术时间、出血量、透视次数;术后复查CT判断置钉准确率;术前和术后6个月随访时采用日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎神经功能评分评估患者的颈部神经功能,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者的枕颈部疼痛情况。结果:两组术中出血量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组术中透视次数相比对照组少(P<0.05);研究组术后6个月的颈部神经功能及VAS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);研究组置钉准确率更高(P<0.05)。结论:借助标杆型3D打印导板可有效减少寰枢椎脱位治疗中的透视次数,提高椎弓根螺钉的置钉准确率,促进术后颈部神经功能恢复,降低枕颈部疼痛程度,值得临床推广。     

提高按时完成病历书写及时打印率

目的 提高按时完成病历书写及时打印率.方法 QC小组活动.结果 医院按时完成病历书写及时打印率由活动前的71.49％提高至活动后的98％,达到了活动目标,提高了病案质量,更好地确保了医疗安全.     

Clinical Applications of 3‐Dimensional Printing Technology in Hip Joint

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing is a digital rapid prototyping technology based on a discrete and heap‐forming principle. We identified 53 articles from PubMed by searching “Hip” and “Printing, Three‐Dimensional”; 52 of the articles were published from 2015 onwards and were, therefore, initially considered and discussed. Clinical application of the 3D printing technique in the hip joint mainly includes three aspects: a 3D‐printed bony 1:1 scale model, a custom prosthesis, and patient‐specific instruments (PSI). Compared with 2‐dimensional image, the shape of bone can be obtained more directly from a 1:1 scale model, which may be beneficial for preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Custom prostheses can be devised on the basis of radiological images, to not only eliminate the fissure between the prosthesis and the patient's bone but also potentially resulting in the 3D‐printed prosthesis functioning better. As an alternative support to intraoperative computer navigation, PSI can anchor to a specially appointed position on the patient's bone to make accurate bone cuts during surgery following a precise design preoperatively. The 3D printing technique could improve the surgeon's efficiency in the operating room, shorten operative times, and reduce exposure to radiation. Well known for its customization, 3D printing technology presents new potential for treating complex hip joint disease.