福辛普利预处理对缺氧复氧期豚鼠心室肌细胞Na+/Ca2+交换电流的影响

目的:观察福辛普利晚期预处理对缺氧复氧心室肌细胞Na /Ca2 交换电流的影响。方法:应用全细胞膜片钳方法,记录观察酶解的成年豚鼠心室肌细胞Na /Ca2 交换电流在缺氧复氧期的变化。结果:缺氧复氧明显增加心肌Na /Ca2 交换电流,在-100mV和 60mV时较对照组分别增加41.05%及32.75%,福辛普利预处理后可明显抑制缺氧复氧心肌Na /Ca2 交换电流,在-100mV和 60mV时分别减少17.90%及14.20%,有助于减少钙内流,减轻钙超载。结论:福辛普利预处理可抑制缺氧复氧心肌Na /Ca2 交换电流逆向转运。     

核转录因子NF-κＢ参与单磷酰脂A预处理的延迟保护作用

目的：探讨核转录因子NF-κB在单磷酰脂A预处理的延迟阶段的作用。 方法： 建立大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注（I/R）损伤模型。分别应用单磷酰脂A（MLA）、NF-κB的特异性抑制剂DDTC加MLA预处理心脏, 24 h对心脏进行较长时间缺血再灌注，检测心肌梗死范围、LDH释放及心肌细胞凋亡率。另外分组检测MLA预处理0 min、15 min、30 min、60 min、NF-κB抑制剂DDTC加MLA预处理后30 min时NF-κB活性。 结果: MLA预处理减小再灌注心肌梗死范围、降低血浆LDH活性、减少细胞凋亡(P<0.05 vs I/R)。同MLA预处理组相比， DDTC+MLA组心肌梗死范围增大、LDH活性增高, 细胞凋亡增加(P<0.05)。与预处理前相比，NF-κB活性在预处理后15 min明显升高、30 min达到高峰、60 min下降(P<0.01)。与MLA预处理后15 min、30 min、60 min相比， DDTC加MLA预处理后30 min时,NF-κB活性明显降低(P<0.01)，而与MLA预处理0 min无显著差别(P＞0.05)。 结论: (1) MLA预处理对24 h后缺血/再灌注心肌有保护作用。(2) 核转录因子NF-κB参与心肌预处理后的延迟保护作用，MLA预处理后NF-κB快速的核转移并激活可能是药物预处理延迟保护作用的重要机制之一。     

心肌缺血/再灌注前处置时血浆一氧化氮的变化及意义

目的：在兔心肌缺血／再灌注前处置模型的基础上，了解NO在心肌缺血前处置中所起的作用及意义。方法：采用免麻醉后开胸结扎左冠状动脉降支，反复结扎（缺血）10分钟，放开（再灌）5分钟，最后结扎30分钟再灌20分钟造成缺血／再灌注前处置模型后，对比观察了各组动物血浆中NO、TXB2、6－K－PGF1α、SOD和MDA浓度的变化，以及各组动物球结膜微循环及心肌病理学的变化。结果：前处置组血浆NO、6－K－PGF1α、SOD浓度显著高于缺血／再灌注组，而MDA、TXB2浓度明显低于缺血／再灌注组。前处置组心肌超微结构损伤明显轻于缺血／再灌注组，球结膜微循环基本正常。结论：心肌缺血前处置可增加心血管内皮细胞合成NO，而NO具有减轻心肌缺血／再灌注损伤、改善微循环障碍的作用。     

微量去甲肾上腺素预处理对大鼠心肌延迟性保护效应的实验研究

目的 :通过在体大鼠心肌缺血 /再灌注 (I/R)模型探讨去甲肾上腺素预处理对I/R心肌的延迟性保护作用。方法 :将实验动物分为假手术、I/R和去甲肾上腺素预处理 (NEPC) 3组 ,分别测定心肌梗塞面积、左室功能 ,观察心肌超微结构及血清肌酸激酶 (CK)及乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性的变化。结果 :预先注入去甲肾上腺素能明显减小I/R所致的心肌梗塞面积 ,改善左室功能 ,保护心肌超微结构 ,增强细胞稳定性减少细胞内蛋白酶的漏出。结论 :去甲肾上腺素预处理可介导延迟性心肌保护效应 ,鉴于该法简便且无明显创伤更易于临床推广应用。     

1，6—二磷酸果糖预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:随机分成两组应用Iangendorff灌注装置用Krehs-Ring(K-R)液和K-R液加FDP5mmol·L~(1)对大鼠心脏进行缺血前预处理10分钟,缺血20分钟和再灌注20分钟实验,观察每期左室舒张未期压(LVEDP)、心肌组织内二醛(MDA)含量、超氧歧化物酶(SOD)的活性。Wistar大鼠心脏48个,每8个一组进行对照组和FDP组对比观察。结果:在缺血前期FDP组LVEDP和MDA无明显差异,缺血期FDP组MDA变化与对照组比较明显下降(P<0.01),再灌注期FDP组LVEDP和MDA明显下降(P<0.05),在FDP组SOD活性明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:FDP预处理具有提高大鼠心肌耐缺氧力,对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,该保护作用的机制可能与清除氧自由基功能有关。     

Use of tactile stiffness to detect fatigue in the latissimus dorsi muscle

In clinical settings, no method has been established to examine the fatigue of a latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) preconditioned for cardiomyoplasty. We examined the feasibility of measuring muscle stiffness (tactile stiffness) to evaluate muscle fatigue in situ using our tactile sensor. We stimulated canine LDM with burst pacing and monitored both stiffness and tension to determine their relationship. In both dissected LDM and LDM in situ, the decrements of these parameters during burst pacing were compared between preconditioned and unconditioned LDM. In measurement in situ, the sensor probe was placed on the LDM through a small incision. Strong statistical correlation was shown between stiffness and tension (r = 0.935). In decrements of stiffness in situ, there were statistically significant differences between preconditioned and unconditioned LDM. Our tactile sensor system can provide an efficient method for evaluating fatigue of muscles in situ without measuring muscle tension.     

Hyperbaric oxygenation induced tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in mice is strain dependent

SV129 or C57BL/6 mice were exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO, 5 days, 1 h every day, 100% O(2) at 3 atm absolute). One day after the 5th HBO session focal cerebral ischemia was induced. In SV129 mice, HBO induced tolerance against permanent focal cerebral ischemia (n=42, mean infarct volume reduction 27%, P=0.001), but not against transient (30 or 60 min) focal cerebral ischemia. In the C57BL/6 strain of mice, HBO did not induce tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia, even when the duration of ischemia or the HBO protocol were modified. For the first time we demonstrate that HBO can induce tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia, but this effect is strain dependent.     

Fetal asphyctic preconditioning in rats results in a preserved placental inflammatory phenotype at birth

IntroductionPerinatal asphyxia (PA) is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Research has shown that in rats fetal asphyxia (FA) can provoke neuroprotection against a subsequent more severe perinatal asphyctic insult. This is called fetal asphyctic preconditioning (PC). Our objective was to investigate alterations in the placental inflammatory phenotype associated with PC.MethodsFA was induced in the rat at embryonic day 17 by reversibly clamping the uterine circulation and PA was induced at birth by submersion of the uterine horns in a saline bath for 19 min. The effect of PC was studied by inducing FA at E17, followed by PA at E21. Placental TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA and protein levels were measured by qPCR and ELISA.ResultsIL-1β mRNA increased in the labouring FA group, but IL-1β protein decreased after both FA and PA. In the PC group, IL-1β mRNA and protein levels were similar to controls. IL-6 protein increased 6 h after FA, however decreased 24 h after FA. IL-6 mRNA was higher in the labouring PA group. IL-10 protein decreased 24 h after FA. At birth, IL-10 mRNA increased in the PA group; however, IL-10 protein decreased in both the PA and the FA group. In the PC group, IL-10 mRNA and protein were similar to control levels.DiscussionDepleted protein concentrations of IL-10 and IL-1β after one single asphyctic insult were reversed after fetal asphyctic PC. In addition, PC placentas showed less up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA compared to the PA ones. This modulated placental inflammatory phenotype might contribute to the improved neonatal outcome showed after fetal asphyctic PC.     

缺血预处理介导神经保护的分子机制

大量动物实验证实,缺血预处理可产生强大的器官保护作用,但动物实验向临床试验转化的进展和结果不尽如人意.对缺血预处理介导的神经保护的分子机制进行研究,寻找可转化到临床的安全且有效的预处理诱导方式,对于提高卒中和手术患者神经组织对缺血缺氧的耐受力,实现安全和有效的神经保护具有重要意义.文章从预处理活化受体、线粒体、转录因子和蛋白激酶等方面对缺血预处理介导神经保护的分子机制进行了综述.