后外侧结构重建在新鲜股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术中的应用

目的探讨后外侧结构重建对后外侧入路人工股骨头置换术术后早期关节脱位的影响。方法选取2016年9月至2017年8月于我院行后外侧入路初次人工股骨头置换术的股骨颈骨折患者60例,根据术中是否修补关节囊及外旋肌群分为重建组(33例:舌形切开关节囊,术中将关节囊及外旋肌群原位缝合在大转子后方及臀中肌肌腱附着处)和对照组(27例:切除关节囊后,术中未进行外旋肌群修复重建)。比较两组的手术情况及术后近期关节功能情况。结果重建组的手术时间为(45.0±15.3) min,长于对照组的(35.0±12.4) min (P <0.05)。重建组术腔引流量为(200.0±80.0) m L,少于对照组的(420.0±120.6) m L (P <0.05)。重建组的早期脱位率为0.000%(0例),与对照组的7.407%(2例)比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。重建组术后Harris评分为(92.0±3.4)分,高于对照组的(88.2±5.0)分(P <0.05)。结论在后外侧入路人工股骨头置换过程中行后外侧结构重建能够有效减少术腔引流量,提高髋关节Harris评分,对维持髋关节软组织平衡具有重要意义。     

Surgical treatment of multiple knee ligament injuries in 44 patients: 2–8 years follow-up results

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mid-term results of surgical treatment in different groups of patients with multiple knee ligament injuries. Review of our patients’ records revealed that 48 acute and chronic patients were surgically treated for combined knee injury. Due to severe capsular damage in these injuries, open techniques were used. In our treatment protocol, avulsed ligaments and tears of the posterolateral and posteromedial corner were repaired if possible, whereas midsubstance tears of cruciate ligaments and chronic cases were reconstructed with autografts. Postoperatively, an accelerated program of rehabilitation was introduced, aiming to progressively mobilize the joint and improve muscle endurance. For the follow-up evaluation we designed a protocol composed of two parts. In the first part, anatomical lesions were recorded and in the second part, clinical evaluation was performed using the Lysholm score, the Tegner rating system, the IKDC evaluation form, and the KT1000. Student’s t tests and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Forty-eight patients (mean age 28.6±11.9 years; 41 males) were classified according to the specific anatomical structures involved. Group A included 12 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial structure injuries, group B included 11 ACL or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ruptures combined with posterolateral injuries, and group C consisted of 25 knee dislocations (ACL and PCL ruptures which might be combined with damage of the collateral ligaments). Thirty-eight patients were surgically treated during the acute phase and ten patients were treated chronically. Forty-four patients (91.6%) were followed up at a mean of 51.3±29.9 months. Average Lysholm score was 87±12.3; average Tegner score was 5.09±2.19 before accident and 4.34±2.12 in re-examination; IKDC score was A in 10 cases, B in 22, C in 6, and D in 6. The mean range of motion was 129.9°±12.5°. The average loss of extension and flexion were 1.6°±2.5° and 7.6°±7.9°, respectively. The side-to-side difference in corrected anterior and posterior translation in quadriceps neutral angle and in anterior translation in 30° angle was <3 mm for about 65% of our patients. Surgical treatment of multiple knee ligament injuries, using autografts, provided satisfactory stability, range of motion, and subjective functional results. However, despite the improvement of the quality of life, the preinjury patients’ activity level was not fully obtained in re-examination. Patients underwent surgical treatment during the acute phase had better scores in several points, but finally there was no statistical significance between acute and chronic patients. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were observed among the groups with specific damaged anatomical structures.     

Influence of sinus impulses on the parasystolic cycle length

Recently, it has been shown that in most clinical cases of parasystole, the parasystolic rhythm is not completely independent of the sinus rhythm. In this study, to disclose the mechanism of such "irregular" parasystole, parasystolic cycles with an intervening sinus QRS complex (XSX) were compared with their immediately adjacent pure parasystolic cycles without any intervening nonparasystolic QRS complexes (XX) in 10 cases of ventricular parasystole. In eight cases, the XSX interval was equal to or nearly equal to the adjacent pure XX interval; in one, the XSX interval was shorter than the XX interval; and in only one, the XSX interval was longer than the XX interval. In six cases in which the XSX interval was almost equal to the XX interval, calculated XSX intervals with a later intervening sinus QRS complex were obtained from the differences between the XSSX interval (ie, interectopic interval with two intervening sinus QRS complexes) and its adjacent XX interval. In five of the six cases, the calculated XSX interval was shorter than the XX interval. These observations suggest that in most cases of parasystole, early intervening sinus impulses do not change the parasystolic cycle, whereas late intervening sinus impulses shorten the parasystolic cycle. This suggests the presence of type I second-degree entrance block as the mechanism of "irregular" parasystole.     

经方研究的切入点

经方因有经典著作和具体条文作背景,比其他方剂拥有更多的精华内涵,对其研究不应局限在方中的几位药上,而应有更多的切入点.其中包括特征性的辨证要点,体质与疾病,经方内部药量比例,剂型的内涵,煎服中的文章和药后反应中的玄机.     

Sexual debut and college entrance among South Korean adolescents

IntroductionFor the past few decades, numerous theoretical perspectives have predicted a negative association between adolescent sexual debut and the probability of college entrance. The present article extends the literature by using nationally representative longitudinal data from South Korea to assess these perspectives.MethodsDrawing on longitudinal data from South Korea, this article examined the impact of becoming sexually active between 8th and 12th grades on the probability of college entrance. We controlled for a wide array of confounding variables by using logit models that account for longitudinal attrition and school-based sampling design.ResultsAnalytical results showed that the initiation of sexual intercourse during adolescence predicted a statistically significant decrease in the probability of college entrance for both boys and girls. Gender-specific analyses suggested that, on average, sexual debut in adolescence was associated with a decrease of 10.3 percentage points in the probability of college entrance for boys and a decrease of 14.7 percentage points for girls.ConclusionsThese findings strongly support the theoretical perspectives of age norm theory and sexual double standards in South Korea, where strictly conservative attitudes toward sexuality and sexual behaviors are dominant.     

Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using posterolateral approach for distal tibial and tibial shaft fractures

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the posterolateral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) method for managing distal tibial or tibial shaft fractures with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.Materials and methodsFive consecutive patients with three distal tibial and two tibial shaft fractures (three open fractures) at a level-1 trauma and tertiary referral center were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were definitively treated and followed to bone union. Main outcome was measured by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle–hindfoot score, complications, and bone union on radiographs.ResultsThe average follow-up period was 15.8 months (range, 12–24 months). The average AOFAS score was 88.2 (range, 81–90). There were no complications, such as incision breakdown, deep infection, or impingement of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Bone union was achieved in all cases.ConclusionsPosterolateral MIPO is a feasible option when treating these fractures, especially in cases with severe anterior and medial soft tissue injuries.     

膝关节后外侧结构损伤的诊治

膝关节后外侧结构(PLS)是维持膝关节稳定性的一个重要结构,对于防止膝关节过度外旋、内翻以及对于胫骨近端的稳定具有重要作用,同时后外侧角损伤的治疗,对于前交叉韧带或后交叉韧带损伤的重建手术能否成功,也具有重要的意义。根据PLS损伤时间长短、损伤类型及损伤程度,按Fanelli分型分为3型,治疗方法各异。对于手术治疗,目前主要有原位缝合修复、自体肌腱转移增强术或肌腱张力增强术和PLS重建术,本文对于膝关节后外侧结构的诊治作一综述。     

峡部入路与上外侧入路方法在改良Miccoli手术中的临床应用

目的：探讨峡部入路方法在改良Miccoli手术中应用的效果。方法选择2013年2月~2014年10月抚顺市中心医院收治的行改良Miccoli手术的56例良性甲状腺疾病患者,将其分为峡部入路组(n =30)与上外侧入路组(n=26),由同一手术组人员完成手术,比较不同入路方法患者手术时间、手术出血量、术后24 h引流量以及术后住院时间的差异。结果55例患者成功行改良Miccoli手术,上外侧入路组中1例患者术中出血中转开放手术,1例患者出现暂时性声音嘶哑,其余患者未见声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳、手足抽搐等严重并发症。峡部入路组和上外侧入路组的手术时间、手术出血量及术后24 h引流量比较差异有统计学意义(P约0.05),术后住院时间比较差异无统计学意义(P跃0.05)。结论峡部入路方法应用在改良Miccoli手术中可缩短手术时间,减少手术出血量及术后引流量,值得临床推广。