A new modification of the individually designed polymer implant visible in X-ray for orbital reconstruction

Orbital reconstruction makes higher demands on symmetry and axial precision than other parts of the skull, because the position of the eye globe determines proper vision. The aim of this study is to evaluate titanium surface marking of polymers (UHMW-PE and PA6) to check implants position in CT examination and clinical application of such modified individual implant.One hundred and twenty-four polymer blocks were prepared. New method of ultrasounds welding to connect the titanium markers to the polymer surface was developed and tested. Titanium marked polymer blocks were examined by CT to evaluate the quality of the cover. Then, two modified UHMW-PE individual implants were applied clinically and implant position was checked by CT.The biggest titanium cover was in PA6 [25 ± 18% of processed surface] and for UHMW-PE [19 ± 12%] without significance [p = 0.14]. Both covers were visible in CT. Clinical application revealed proper reconstruction, uneventful post-operational outcome and well visible surface of the implants in CT.The conducted tests make it possible to determine the suitability of ultrasonic technology for the deposition of titanium markers in polymer. The clinical use of modified individual implants allows to confirm the correct position of the implants because they are accurate visible in CT.     

Induction of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells into tissue-forming cells suitable for fascial repair

Pelvic organ prolapse is a major hidden burden affecting almost one in four women. It is treated by reconstructive surgery, often augmented with synthetic mesh. To overcome the growing concerns of using current synthetic meshes coupled with the high risk of reoperation, a tissue engineering strategy has been developed, adopting a novel source of mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are derived from the highly regenerative endometrial lining of the uterus (eMSCs) and will be delivered in vivo using a new gelatin-coated polyamide scaffold. In this study, gelatin properties were optimized by altering the gelatin concentration and extent of crosslinking to produce the desired gelation and degradation rate in culture. Following cell seeding of uncoated polyamide (PA) and gelatin-coated meshes (PA + G), the growth rate of eMSCs on the PA + G scaffolds was more than that on the PA alone, without compromising cell shape. eMSCs cultured on the PA + G scaffold retained their phenotype, as demonstrated by W5C5/SUSD2 (eMSC-specific marker) immunocytochemistry. Additionally, eMSCs were induced to differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMC), as shown by immunofluorescence for smooth muscle protein 22 and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. eMSCs also differentiated into fibroblast-like cells when treated with connective tissue growth factor with enhanced detection of Tenascin-C and collagen type I as well as new tissue formation, as seen by Masson’s trichrome. In summary, it was demonstrated that the PA + G scaffold is an appropriate platform for eMSC delivery, proliferation and differentiation into SMC and fibroblasts, with good biocompatibility and the capacity to regenerate neo-tissue.     

n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工椎体支撑植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折合并截瘫

目的:探讨用前路椎管减压、自行研制的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)复合生物活性人工椎体支撑植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折合并截瘫的临床疗效。方法:2003年12月—2006年1月收治胸腰椎爆裂型骨折合并截瘫40例,年龄17～62岁。受伤部位:T_(12)5例、L_1 16例、L_2 13例、L_3 6例。神经损害按Frankel分级:A级7例、B级19例、C级8例、D级6例。所有病例均行前路椎管减压、n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工椎体支撑植骨、钛钉板或钉棒系统内固定。结果:所有病例术后均获得6～25个月(平均13个月)的随访。神经功能:除5例Franel A级和2例D级无变化外,其余均有1～2级的改善。其中由A级到B级2例;B级到C级7例,B级到D级12例;C级到D级5例,C级到E级3例;D级到E级4例。36例伤椎接近解剖复位,6例复位良好。术前伤椎前缘高度平均为椎体的42.8%,术后平均为90.5%,重建的椎体高度无丢失。矢状面Cobb角术前平均为28.4°,术后平均为14.6°。n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工椎体于术后3～6个月骨性融合。无感染、无椎体移位和断钉等并发症。结论:前路n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工椎体支撑植骨能有效恢复和维持伤椎的结构和高度,可避免取自体髂骨植骨,是一种有效的脊柱前路重建方法。     

Characterization and antibacterial properties of N-halamine-derivatized cross-linked polymethacrylamide nanoparticles

N-halamine-derivatized cross-linked polymethacrylamide nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 18 ± 2.0 and 460 ± 60 nm were prepared via surfactant-free dispersion co-polymerization of methacrylamide (MAA) and the cross-linking monomer N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) in an aqueous continuous phase, followed by a chlorination process using sodium hypochlorite. The effect of various polymerization parameters (monomer concentration, initiator type and concentration, polymerization duration, polymerization temperature, and the weight ratio [MBAA]/[MAA]) on the size and size distribution of the produced cross-linked P(MAA–MBAA) nanoparticles was elucidated. The effect of various chlorination parameters (hypochlorite concentration, chlorination period and temperature) on the bound oxidative chlorine atom (Cl) content of the P(MAA–MBAA) nanoparticles was also investigated. The bactericidal activity of these chloramine-derivatized nanoparticles was tested against two common bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and they were found to be highly potent. Furthermore, these nanoparticles also exerted their antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, further demonstrating their efficacy.     

n-HA/PA66复合生物活性融合器在颈椎病前路减压融合术中的初步应用研究

分析52例颈椎病行前路减压、n-HA/PA66复合生物活性融合器植骨、钛钉板系统内固定颈椎前路重建手术患者的临床资料,探讨自行研制的纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)复合生物活性融合器在颈椎病前路减压固定融合手术中的初步临床疗效。所有术后均获得6～25个月(平均13个月)的随访。患者术前症状均得到改善,JOA评分术前平均为10.4分,术后为15.7分。n-HA/PA66复合生物活性融合器于术后3～6个月骨性融合。颈椎生理曲度、椎间高度、颈椎稳定性均维持良好。无融合器下沉、塌陷、移位发生,无感染、内固定物松动、脱落、断裂等并发症。n-HA/PA66复合生物活性融合器能有效重建和维持颈椎体的结构和高度,可能是一种理想的颈椎植骨替代材料。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66复合骨填充材料修复良性骨肿瘤骨缺损临床疗效观察

目的观察颗粒型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66,n-HA/PA66)复合骨修复材料修复良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的疗效和生物安全性。方法2003年1月～2005年5月,选取37例良性骨肿瘤患者,男21例,女16例,其中1例为2处病变;年龄19～58岁,平均38.5岁。骨纤维结构不良11例(12侧),骨囊肿14例,骨巨细胞瘤级10例,内生软骨瘤2例。肿瘤大小为1.0cm×0.7cm×0.4cm～10.0cm×4.0cm×3.0cm;肿瘤位于股骨近端12例(13侧),远端7例,胫骨近端9例,肱骨近端5例,指骨2例,掌骨和跟骨各1例。行肿瘤刮除术,瘤腔用颗粒型n-HA/PA66填充,伤口常规缝合;术后观察伤口愈合情况,局部炎性反应,排斥反应,全身毒性,瘤腔愈合和患肢功能的恢复情况。结果术后1例伤口感染,余伤口期愈合。局部炎性反应轻微,无排斥反应和全身毒性反应。术后全部获随访5～33个月,术后3～5.5个月可见新骨长入n-HA/PA66填充区,下肢在术后8个月可完全负重,上肢在术后5个月可完成日常活动。结论颗粒型n-HA/PA66复合骨修复材料具有良好生物安全性、相容性和骨传导性,可用于良性骨肿瘤骨缺损的修复。     

聚酰胺-氨纳米微粒介导5-氟尿嘧啶联合小RNA-21抑制乳腺癌细胞生长的研究

Objective To study the effect of PAMAM-mediated 5-fluorouracil combined with miR-21 inhibitor gene therapy to suppress MCF-7 human breast cancer cell growth in vitro. Methods 5-Fu/PAMAM complex was prepared by dialysis method and then incubated with miR-21 inhibitor at room temperature. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was performed to observe the morphology of the nanoparticles. The drug loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency was determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). The transfection of PAMAM dendrimer was detected by flow cytometry. MTT assay was carried out to determine MCF-7 cell growth survival rate. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow-cytometry. Transwell assay was performed to detect invasion ability after MCF-7 cells treated with 5-Fu chemotherapy combined with miR-21 inhibitor gene therapy. Results The morphology of the complex was sphere observed under TEM. Encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of drug were (66. 21±4. 11)% and (31.77±0. 73)% , respectively. Flow cytometry revealed that 5-Fu/PAMAM transfection efficiency was (60.54 ±6. 97)%. 5-Fu combined with miR-21 inhibitor treatment significantly suppressed cell growth, and the survival rate was only (55. 85±3. 71)% on the 6th day of the observation period. The apoptosis rate in combined treatment group was (18. 32±2.42)% , dramatically higher than in control group (F=58. 326,P<0. 01). In combined treatment group, the number of invasion cells was only 18. 96 ±3. 14, suggesting the greatly decreased invasion ability of MCF-7 cells (F=16. 409,P < 0. 01). Conclusion PAMAM could effectively deliver miR-21 inhibitor and 5-Fu simultaneously, and combined therapy can suppress growth of MCF-7 cells effectively in vitro.     

n-HA/PA66生物材料修复骨巨细胞瘤骨缺损效果的临床研究

目的观察颗粒型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(n-HA/PA66)修复骨巨细胞瘤骨缺损的生物安全性和临床效果。方法选取2007年12月至2011年5月于我院行病灶刮除、颗粒型n-HA/PA66填充植骨术的骨巨细胞瘤患者48例,术前及术后做血常规、肝肾功、钙磷及免疫相关检查,术后1周,1、3、6、12月及以后每6月行影像学检查。将1例复发患者再手术时取出的含有n-HA/PA66复合生物材料的骨组织行组织学检查。结果 3例失访,45例获得随访。患者术前、术后的血常规、肝肾功、钙磷、免疫指标均无明显变化。除1例复发外,余影像学示材料颗粒随时间逐渐融合,植骨区密度逐渐增高,与宿主骨界限逐渐模糊。术后1年,植骨区密度接近正常骨密度。组织学检查示:成骨细胞爬入材料的孔隙内,周围钙盐沉着明显,大量骨细胞镶嵌于材料中,材料与新生骨及周围组织结合紧密。结论 n-HA/PA66具有良好的生物安全性和组织相容性,良好的骨传导性及成骨活性,是一种理想的骨修复材料。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66骨填充材料与自体骨修复良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的对比研究

目的比较纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66骨填充材料与自体骨修复良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的临床效果。方法 2007年1月-2009年3月,选取52例良性骨肿瘤患者随机分成A、B两组,行肿瘤刮除术,A组瘤腔用颗粒型及条形纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66骨填充材料填充,B组用自体骨填充,伤口常规缝合;比较两组手术时间、术中失血量、术后血沉及C反应蛋白变化情况,评价骨缺损愈合情况。结果纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66材料填充组与自体髂骨填充组比较,手术时间明显缩短（P〈0.01）,失血量明显减少（P〈0.01）,两组对修复良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损疗效相当。结论纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66骨填充材料是修复良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的优良材料。     

Scale-up of polyamide and polyester Parsol MCX nanocapsules by interfacial polycondensation and solvent diffusion method

The scale-up of oil-containing polyamide nanocapsules produced by simultaneous interfacial polycondensation and solvent diffusion was successfully achieved. Up to 1500 mL were produced by using a Y-shaped mixer device. The sizes of nanocapsules containing olive oil were modulated from 646 to 211 nm by changing process parameters without modification of the formulation composition. All the results of nanocapsule diameters (d_sc) expressed as a function of the Reynolds number (Re) showed the existence of a typical power–law relationship. It was demonstrated that the high turbulences created upon nanocapsule formation are the most important parameter allowing to nanocapsule size to be controlled without modifying the formulation composition. Finally, the power–law relationship was used to predict the size of nanocapsules composed of polyamide or polyester and loaded with Parsol^® MCX. The physico-chemical properties of both polyamide and polyester nanocapsules at the laboratory scale were compared to the ones obtained at the pilot scale. The encapsulation efficiency was higher than 98% in both types of nanocapsules at the laboratory and the pilot scales. The in vitro releases of Parsol^® MCX from polyester nanocapsules were reproducible at both scales. This is the first time such a power–law was described for the preparation of nanocapsules by interfacial polycondensation and solvent diffusion.