Lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer

Background: Between September 1992 and September 1996, we performed 88 VATS (video-assisted thoracic surgery) lobectomies and two VATS pneumonectomies. Methods: The indications for surgery were 68 cases of lung cancer, nine cases of bronchiectasis, six cases of tuberculosis, and seven cases of benign lesions. Of the 68 cases of lung cancer, 36 were treated by VATS lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection for clinical stage I lung cancer, making full use of recently developed devices for thoracoscopic surgery, such as roticulating endoscissors, miniretractors, endoclips, and harmonic scalpels. Results: Twenty-four lymph nodes were resected on average (range, 10 to 51) by VATS. This number was comparable to lymph nodes resected in open thoracotomy during the same period. Among the 36 patients who underwent extended lymph node dissection, 20 showed no lymph node metastasis postoperatively (stage I), while 16 had N1 or N2 cancer. All patients with stage I cancer have survived 4 to 36 months (median: 17 months) with no signs of recurrence. Conclusions: This survival of stage I lung cancer after VATS is comparable to that of open thoracotomy. We thus believe that VATS lobectomy with extended lymph node dissection can be an alternative to standard posterolateral thoracotomy for stage I lung cancer. Received: 10 May 1996/Accepted: 19 November 1996     

Thoracoscopic Assisted Pneumonectomy

A lung carcinoma with tumor involving more than one lobe or in close proximity to the mainstem bronchus often requires pneumonectomy for surgical cure. Inflammation, bulky tumors, and dense adhesions limit the operative field of vision and may result in the abandonment of procedures with potential for complete extirpation. This case illustrates the utility of thoracoscopy in visualization of the hilum and other neurovascular structures in a patient with a proximal tumor and dense intrathoracic adhesions. Successful resection was made possible by use of combined open and thoracoscopic modalities.     

根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2004年1月至2015年12月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的63例结直肠癌肺转移病人的临床病理资料;男35例,女28例;年龄为(57±12)岁。病人均行原发灶和结直肠癌肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。观察指标:(1)诊断及治疗情况。(2)随访及生存情况。(3)预后影响因素分析。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解病人术后生存情况,随访时间截至2018年12月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线,单因素分析采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型。结果(1)诊断及治疗情况:63例结直肠癌肺转移病人中,同时性肺转移6例,异时性肺转移57例。18例病人胸部X线片检查初始发现肺部可疑转移灶,经X线计算机体层摄影术(CT)检查进一步证实为肺转移灶,45例病人胸部CT检查初始发现肺转移灶。63例病人均行原发灶和肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。22例病人行纵隔淋巴结清扫,其中2例各有1枚纵隔淋巴结转移。所有病人术后恢复良好,未出现严重并发症。63例病人中,57例接受>6个月以氟尿嘧啶类药物为主的术后辅助化疗及靶向治疗。(2)随访及生存情况:63例病人均获得术后随访,随访时间为8~143个月,中位随访时间为58个月。63例病人中,19例死亡,24例出现二次复发,5年复发率为38.1%(24/63),复发时间为18个月(3~58个月)。24例二次复发病人中,19例发生肺转移,3例发生脑转移,2例发生骨转移,2例发生肝转移。同1例病人可同时发生多处转移。24例二次复发病人中,5例行再次手术治疗,19例行化疗和放化疗。63例病人5年总体生存率为62.7%。(3)预后影响因素分析:单因素分析结果为原发灶部位、肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是影响结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的相关因素(χ²=4.162、7.175、6.725,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素(风险比=2.725,2.778,95%可信区间为1.051~7.064、1.072~7.021,P<0.05)。结论根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶安全、可行。肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素。     

经心包内处理血管行肺切除术治疗Ⅲ期肺癌75例

目的 探讨经心包内处理血管的肺切除术治疗Ⅲ期肺癌的应用价值。方法 分析用心包内处理血管的75例Ⅲ期肺癌患者临床资料。结果 主要并发症是呼吸衰竭、肺部感染、肺水肿和心律失常．发生率是26．7％。1、3及5年生存率分别为85．3％、34．7％及28．0％。手术死亡1例。治疗组患者的并发症发生率、病死率与标准肺切除术组相比，无显著差异。结论 经心包内处理血管提高肺癌的肿瘤切除率，提高了手术的根治性及安全性。     

Pneumonectomy Case in a Newborn with Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasia

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia (CPL) is a rare lymphatic pulmonary abnormality. CPL with respiratory distress has a poor prognosis, and is frequently fatal in neonates. We report a case of pneumonectomy for CPL in a newborn. An infant girl, born at 39 weeks'' after an uncomplicated pregnancy, exhibited respiratory distress 1 hr after birth, which necessitated intubation and aggressive ventilator care. Right pneumonectomy was performed after her symptoms worsened. Histologic examination indicated CPL. She is currently 12 months old and developing normally. Pneumonectomy can be considered for treating respiratory symptoms for improving chances of survival in cases with unilateral CPL.

Graphical Abstract

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单肺移植结合对侧肺减容术治疗终末期肺气肿一例

目的　探讨单肺移植结合对侧肺减容术治疗终末期肺气肿的手术适应证及疗效。方法　对 1例呼吸机依赖的重症肺气肿、肺功能严重下降的 4 7岁患者行左肺移植。术后第 7天因患者对侧肺逐渐过度膨胀致纵隔左移 ,压迫移植肺 ,而行右侧胸腔镜辅助小切口肺减容术。结果　肺减容术后第 1天患者纵隔移位明显改善 ,移植肺扩张良好 ;术后第 9、15天移植肺 2次出现急性排斥反应 ,用免疫抑制剂治疗 ,并于术后第 15天行气管切开、呼吸机间断辅助呼吸 ,病情缓解 ;术后第 2 4天患者下床活动 ,第 2 6天拔除气管插管 ;术后 2个月检查患者肺功能明显改善 ;术后第 71天出院。结论　单肺移植结合对侧肺减容术能治疗重症肺气肿单肺移植后的对侧肺过度膨胀 ,明显改善肺功能。     

改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形术在全肺切除术中的应用

目的探讨改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形术在全肺切除术中应用的可行性。方法2012年4～10月,我科对15例侵犯肺门的肺癌行改良胸腔镜下肺动脉成形联合全肺切除术,与传统方法不同之处在于游离肺静脉、肺动脉及支气管后,在阻断肺动脉时,采用0号不可吸收丝线环绕肺动脉主干2周后收紧,暂不打结,将线的两端用蚊式钳固定于操作孔周围的无菌中单,然后将哈巴狗钳置于0号线远端约5mm处,远端血管使用0号线阻断。结果10例左全肺切除联合纵隔淋巴结清扫术,5例右全肺切除联合纵隔淋巴结清扫术。肺动脉成形时间平均14min（10～19min）,平均手术时间180．6min（120～231min）,平均出血量100ml（50～250ml）。术中、术后未输血,无围手术期并发症发生。术后病理：10例鳞癌,2例腺癌,2例小细胞肺癌,1例大细胞肺癌;病理分期：ⅢA期12例,ⅡB期2例,ⅡA期1例。平均住院时间7d（6～9d）。14例术后随访1年,1例术后5个月死于对侧肺部感染,1例术后10个月死于脑转移,余12例无复发。结论改良肺动脉成形方法可行。