酥胆麒麟膏用于痔瘘术后换药的药效学与毒理学研究（二）

本文通过设一个阳性对照组（马应龙鹰香痔疮膏），一个空白对照组（凡士林）及酥胆麒麟膏大、中、小三个剂量组（１０％、２０％、４０％浓度）进行三个方面的实验研究，证实酥胆麒麟膏具有止血、抗菌、生肌长皮等综合作用，局部外用无毒副作用，安全性高。其止血、生肌长皮作用，优于马应龙麝香痔疮膏；抗金葡萄茵的作用与银灰散相同；抗大肠杆菌的作用犹于银灰散。尤其是２０％酥胆麒麟膏的以上多种作用优于１０％浓度的，等效于４０％浓度的，可作为临床使用时的最佳浓度。     

Deliberate self-poisoning with dapsoneA case report and summary of relevant pharmacology and treatment

We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who deliberately ingested 8–9 g of dapsone and presented with severe methaemoglobinaemia and altered mental status. Prompt treatment with repeated doses of methylene blue and organ support brought about control of the methaemoglobinaemia and averted organ failure.     

桂枝镇痛效应的药理学研究

目的　探讨桂枝的镇痛作用。方法　采用热板法和扭体法观察该药的镇痛作用。结果　桂枝对小鼠热致痛和醋酸致痛均有明显的抗痛作用 ,与颅痛定镇痛效果比较均无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) 。结论　桂枝具有镇痛效应 ,对临床应用、镇痛药开发具有借鉴和指导意义。     

Benzylamine oxidase in normal and atherosclerotic human aortae

Assays of serum benzylamine oxidase (BzAO) have led some workers to postulate a relationship between elevated BzAO activity and diseases characterized by proliferating connective tissue. The present study was designed to determine whether BzAO activity of a cellular tissue is also affected. BzAO was assayed in homogenates of normal and atherosclerotic human aortae. Characterization done in normal aortae showed that BzAO is not a classical monoamine, diamine, polyamine, or lysyl oxidase, nor is it a ceruloplasmin. The enzyme is heat stable at 60 degrees C and is associated primarily with the microsomal fraction on density centrifugation. Compared with phenylethylamines and indoleamines, benzylamine is the best substrate. BzAO is sensitive to inhibition by hydrazines and chymotrypsin but not trypsin, and is insensitive to Triton X-100 and sulfhydryl-group blockade. BzAO activity of atherosclerotic plaque (expressed per gram wet weight or per milligram protein) was decreased markedly compared to that in adjacent, nonplaque regions and in normal aortae. However, on a per milligram DNA basis, the BzAO activity of plaque did not differ from that of nonplaque tissue. We conclude that there is a decreased cell population density in plaque, a contention supported by kinetic analysis. Plaque BzAO showed a decreased Vmax with no change in the Km of benzylamine compared with nonplaque tissue. Thus, if a relationship exists between BzAO activity and proliferating connective tissue, it is not apparent at the level of the cellular enzyme in atherosclerotic aortae of man.     

The effect of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB) on acetylcholine release from the rabbit retina: evidence for on-channel input to cholinergic amacrine cells

The light-evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the rabbit retina was taken as a measure of cholinergic amacrine cell activity. The glutamate analogue DL-(+/-)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) prevented the light-evoked release of ACh and also selectively abolished the ON-responses of ganglion cells and the ERG b-wave. It is concluded that the input to cholinergic amacrine cells involves mainly the depolarizing bipolar cells, which subserve ON-channels. L-(+)-stereoisomer of APB was 15 times more potent than the D-(-)-isomer in suppressing ACh release and the b-wave, suggesting that the mechanism of action of APB does not involve antagonism of excitatory amino acids.     

Endogenous brain angiotensin II disrupts passive avoidance behavior in rats

The presence of angiotensinogen, the precursor of angiotensin II (ANG II), in brain tissue and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allows stimulation of endogenous brain ANG II by renin. Passive avoidance tests were performed in female Wistar rats. The animals received an electrical shock after entering a black box on the first experimental day. Avoidance was tested every 24 h for 5 consecutive days. Renin in doses of 0.01 and 0.1 units was injected once into the lateral brain ventricles 2 min before the first test. CSF ANG II increased from 40 to 4547 and 5152 fmol per ml (means), respectively. A dose-dependent disruption of avoidance learning was observed, the frequency to enter the black box increasing from 11% (control) to 29% and 46%, and the latency decreasing from 165 (control) to 143 and 116 sec, respectively. These effects were statistically significant (P less than 0.001) for more than 24 h and returned to control levels after 48 to 120 h. Administration of the converting-enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 i.v.t. prior to renin injections abolished the renin effects. Injections of renin given 22 h after learning were without effect.