Contribution of different somatosensory afferent input to subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials in humans

ObjectivesTo investigate the subcortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to electrical stimulation of either muscle or cutaneous afferents.MethodsSEPs were recorded in 6 patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease (PD) who underwent electrode implantation in the pedunculopontine (PPTg) nucleus area. We compared SEPs recorded from the scalp and from the intracranial electrode contacts to electrical stimuli applied to: 1) median nerve at the wrist, 2) abductor pollicis brevis motor point, and 3) distal phalanx of the thumb. Also the high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) were analysed.ResultsAfter median nerve and pure cutaneous (distant phalanx of the thumb) stimulation, a P1-N1 complex was recorded by the intracranial lead, while the scalp electrodes recorded the short-latency far-field responses (P14 and N18). On the contrary, motor point stimulation did not evoke any low-frequency component in the PPTg traces, nor the N18 potential on the scalp. HFOs were recorded to stimulation of all modalities by the PPTg electrode contacts.ConclusionsStimulus processing within the cuneate nucleus depends on modality, since only the cutaneous input activates the complex intranuclear network possibly generating the scalp N18 potential.SignificanceOur results shed light on the subcortical processing of the somatosensory input of different modalities.     

Effect of chronic ankle instability on lower extremity kinematics,dynamic postural stability,and muscle activity during unilateral jump-landing tasks: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo determine if individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate altered landing kinematics, muscle activity, and impaired dynamic postural stability during a unilateral jump-landing task.Methods21 studies were included from PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL searched on September 26, 2021. Mean differences in joint angles and muscle activity between CAI and controls were analysed as continuous variables and pooled using a random-effects model to obtain standardised mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Dynamic postural stability measured using time to stabilisation (TTS) was assessed qualitatively.ResultsWe found greater plantarflexion (pooled SMD = 0.33, 95%CI [0.02,0.65]), reduced knee flexion (pooled SMD = −0.67, 95%CI [−0.97, −0.37]), and reduced hip flexion (pooled SMD = −0.52, 95%CI [−0.96, −0.07]) in CAI after landing. Regarding muscle activity, we observed reduced peroneus longus muscle activation (pooled SMD = −0.77, 95% CI [−1.17, −0.36]) in CAI prior to landing.ConclusionOur study provides preliminary evidence of altered landing kinematics in the sagittal plane and reduced peroneus muscle activity in CAI during a dynamic jump-landing task. These results may have clinical implications in the development of more effective and targeted rehabilitation programmes for patients with CAI.     

Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction Using Peroneus Brevis Tendon Allograft

We describe the use of a double-strand peroneus brevis allograft to reconstruct the coracoclavicular and acromioclavicular (AC) joint ligaments. Through sharp dissection, the distal clavicle, the AC joint, and the torn superior AC and coracoacromial ligaments are identified. The coracoid process and injured coracoclavicular ligaments are identified with blunt dissection. A 1-cm segment of the lateral clavicle is resected. Vertical and connecting horizontal tunnels are created (4.5 mm) in the lateral clavicle and in the medial acromion process. The 5.5- to 6.0-mm-diameter allograft is looped around the coracoid process, and both strands are passed through the vertical clavicle tunnel with a nitinol wire loop. One strand passes through the vertical clavicle tunnel, and the other strand passes through the horizontal tunnel, exiting through the lateral end. The allograft strand passed through the vertical clavicle tunnel is then passed inferiorly through the superior vertical acromion tunnel, and the strand passed completely through the horizontal clavicle tunnel is passed laterally through the medial horizontal acromion tunnel. After both strands exit inferiorly through the vertical acromion tunnel, they are tensioned and sutured with AC joint reduction. Soft tissue closure uses No. 0 and No. 2-0 absorbable sutures with No. 3-0 nylon sutures at the skin.     

短伸肌腱修复供足第1跖骨深横韧带(附55例报告)

目的在第2足趾移植再造拇指术中,应用     

Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon treated with peroneus brevis transfer: A functional assessment of 5 cases

The purpose of this study was to review the clinical results of 5 patients who underwent repair of a chronic Achilles tendon rupture using a combination of peroneus brevis transfer and plantaris tendon augmentation. The technique belongs to the group of local tendon transfer procedures making use of the transferred peroneus brevis tendon as strengthening material together with the plantaris tendon as suturing material. There were 4 males and 1 female with an average age of 49.4 years and an average time to presentation postinjury of 19.8 weeks (range 5-40 wk). All patients underwent Cybex strength testing before and approximately 1 year after surgery. This testing demonstrated a postoperative improvement in peak plantarflexion torque (Newton-meters/body weight) in all cases. The peak torque of plantar flexion increased in all patients (range, 21%-410%). Four patients were found to have an increase of the dorsal flexors peak torque (range, 31%-290%), whereas one patient showed a decrease (-37%). No patient experienced wound closure complications, postoperative pain, or functional limitations. In spite the possibility of residual lateral ankle instability, we found this modification to be a valuable innovation that offers a very good functional result, low morbidity, technical advantages to the surgeon and, most important, a durable and satisfactory result for the patients.     

桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分移位修复第一腕掌关节脱位的应用解剖与手术设计

目的:为桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分移位修复第一腕掌关节脱位提供解剖学依据。方法:30侧成人上肢标本,将桡侧腕短伸肌腱分为上、中、下3部分,进行形态学测量。结果:桡侧腕短伸肌腱长度为(15.3±1.9)cm(10～22.5cm),其宽度:上段为(15.4±5.2)mm(5.3～23.8mm),中段(10.0±3.0)mm(4.2～18.5mm),下段(5.5±0.6)mm(3.7～9.6mm);厚度:上段为(0.6±0.3)mm(0.1～1.4mm),中段为(1.8±0.7)mm(0.7～3.0mm),下段为(2.1±1.2)mm(0.8～3.1mm)。结论:桡侧腕短伸肌腱部分转位有足够的长度以修复第一腕掌关节脱位。     

桡神经深支卡压综合征的解剖学研究

根据５４侧成人尸体肘部桡管，旋后肌管及桡神经深支在肘部行程的解剖学研究，特别观察到桡侧腕短伸肌纤维桥有９０．６％为全腱性，其中有８８．９％与旋后肌弓外侧半重叠直接紧邻桡神经深支，认为该纤维桥是桡神经深支在肘部卡压的主要因素。并注意到桡神经深支与桡骨头部位的关节囊等关系密切，提示临床医生注意。     

腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转和Bosworth法修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂

目的探讨陈旧性跟腱断裂的手术方式。方法对62例陈旧性跟腱断裂患者按早期、后期分别采用腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转和Bosworth法修复治疗,比较两种方法治疗效果。结果62例均获随访,时间8个月～6年,腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转组优良率为90．63％,Bosworth法修复组优良率为73．33％,两组差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论采用腓骨短肌转位联合肌腱瓣翻转修复治疗陈旧性跟腱断裂,术后并发症少,能显著提高疗效。     

（足母）短伸肌腱修复第一跖骨深横韧带的应用解剖

目的：为（足母）短伸肌腱转位修复第一跖骨深横韧带提供解剖学基础。方法对48例新鲜尸体足和足趾移植再造手指手术55足（足母）短伸肌进行解剖、测量。利用（足母）短伸肌腱修复第一跖骨深横韧带。结果（足母）短伸肌及腱全长,男性（14．10±0．77）cm,女性（12．89±0．38）cm;肌腱长度,男性（9．40±0．51）cm,女性（8．59±0．25）cm;肌腱厚度（1．10±0．08）mm;宽度（3．90±0．12）mm,其长度足能成双股连结于第一跖骨头与第三跖骨头之间。结论（足母）短伸肌腱在长度、厚度、宽度等方面完全能够用来修复第一跖骨深横韧带。     

尺侧腕伸肌联合拇短伸肌腱转移重建拇指对掌功能

目的评价尺侧腕伸肌联合拇短伸肌腱转移重建拇指对掌功能的临床疗效。方法 2006年3月-2009年8月,采用尺侧腕伸肌联合拇短伸肌腱转移重建20例单纯腕部正中神经损伤、15例正中神经合并尺神经损伤患者的拇指对掌功能。其中男25例,女10例;年龄20～53岁,平均33.5岁。致伤原因:锐器伤24例,钝器伤9例,热压伤2例。合并尺、桡骨远端骨折6例。患者均于伤后1～3 h行神经修复术,平均2 h。受伤至该次入院时间为6～14个月,平均7.5个月。35例患者除2例单纯正中神经损伤拇外展功能不完全消失、无对掌功能外,其余拇外展及主动对掌功能完全消失。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均14个月。腕关节屈伸、拇指末节背伸活动正常。20例单纯正中神经损伤患者均恢复正常拇外展及对掌功能。15例合并尺神经损伤患者中,13例恢复正常对掌功能,2例对掌功能不全;拇外展功能均恢复良好。术后12个月,根据赵书强等拇指对掌功能评定标准,患者拇对掌功能测量值均在正常范围。结论对单纯正中神经损伤或合并尺神经损伤患者,尺侧腕伸肌联合拇短伸肌腱转移是一种操作简便且有效的手术方法。