低能级体外冲击波碎石治疗肾鹿角形结石

目的探讨低能级体外冲击波碎石(extracorporeal shock wave lithortripsy,ESWL)治疗肾鹿角形结石的效果. 方法对18例鹿角形结石进行体外冲击波治疗.碎石能级1～3级,冲击次数1 800～3 000次,脉冲间隔60 ～80次/min,工作电压10～12.75 kV. 若结石直径>3 cm,在碎石前预先插入双J管,防止石街形成.对直径>4 mm的残余结石,再次行ESWL,直至结石完全消失. 结果所有病人耐受良好,治疗结束能自行回家.除1例碎石失败外,余17例经ESWL治疗成功.治疗3～9次,至完全排除结石.66例次(66/77,85.7%)术后有1～2次肉眼血尿.5例出现石街,长1.9～5.2 cm,4例石街经再次碎石成功,1例输尿管镜取石. 结论低能级ESWL治疗肾鹿角形结石是一种安全、有效的方法.     

Pattern of periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians

Abstract – A total of 170 adult Tanzanians aged 30- 691 yr were examined for loss of attachment, gingival recession, plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding on all surfaces, of all teeth. The severity of loss of attachment varied considerably between tooth types. Irrespective of age, mandibular incisors and first and second molars were the teeth most affected by loss of attachment. In all age groups heavy plaque deposits and gingival bleeding occurred more frequently in posterior than in anterior teeth, Dental calculus was most frequently observed in the maxillary posterior and mandibular anterior teeth. The distribution of calculus within the dentition showed a close resemblance with the patterns of loss of attachment and gingival recession. The variation of the severity of periodontal breakdown within individuals indicates that the use of mean values to describe periodontal breakdown may give the impression of a greater uniformity than really exists.     

经输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管结石

目的探讨经输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床效果. 方法 90例输尿管结石,经尿道、膀胱置入10°输尿管镜抵达结石处,将光纤头直抵结石,设置工作能量0.8～1.5 J,频率8～10 Hz,采用连续脉冲方式粉碎结石. 结果3例进镜失败(输尿管镜无法到达结石部位)改开放手术,1例输尿管穿孔改开放手术;86例碎石成功,单次钬激光碎石成功率为95.6%(86/90).手术时间30～80 min,平均55 min.术后住院1～5 d,平均2.5 d.86例随访1～3个月,69例病程＜6个月、肾积水＜4 cm,肾积水完全消失;17例病程＞6个月、肾积水＞4 cm,术后患肾均有不同程度积水,但较术前明显改善. 结论经输尿管镜钬激光碎石治疗输尿管结石效果理想,创伤小,并发症少,可作为输尿管中、下段结石的首选治疗方法.     

Pelvic granulocytic sarcoma

 Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon extraskeletal tumor most frequently associated with leukemia. We present a case of bone location with unusual pattern in a patient with no evidence of myeloproliferative disorder at presentation or follow-up.     

Periodontal status of a subject sample of Yemen

Abstract From August to October 1991, the periodontal status of 1001 Yemenis representing the age groups 12-14, 15-19, 20-24 and 35-44 years was recorded and evaluated with preference to the CPITN, the calculus index and clinical attachment levels. The impact of chewing khat, the leaves of a cultivated, alkaloid shrub, and of using the traditional miswak chewing stick for oral hygiene purposes were investigated. The results show that 6.9% of the juvenile probands (15-19 years) had healthy periodontal tissue (CPITN 0). whereas bleeding on probing and calculus (CPITN 1+2) were registered in 86.2%. In the 35-44 year age group. 1.7% were periodontally healthy, whereas 84.5% displayed plaque retention or shallow pocketing (CPITN 2-3) and 12.5% deep pocketing (CPITN 4). The treatment needs in all age groups are confined primarily to calculus removal and instruction in oral hygiene. The clinical attachment level and the calculus index revealed age-related attachment loss and calculus formation, primarily among male probands. The higher khat consumption among the male population is reflected in its detrimental effect on the periodontal tissue, especially among younger probands. Oral hygiene aids have also an influence on periodontal status, with a toothbrush proving more efficient than the miswak. WHO efforts directed towards prophylactic programs need to be intensified but can be staffed by dental hygienists.     

一种中西药复方制剂(PESM)对大鼠实验性肾结石形成的抑制作用

用乙二醇法诱导大鼠产生草酸钙结石，用45~Ca示踪测定法了解中草药复方制剂（PESM）对草酸钙结石形成的抑制作用。结果显示，实验组肾脏放射性强度明显减少（实验组3.47±3.52cpm／mg，对照组10.89±14.24cpm／mg）。干肾重量明显下降（实验组306.0±47.0mg，对照组343.1±59.4mg），说明PESM能明显抑制肾脏草酸钙结石的形成。     

Comparative study of oral conditions in schoolchildren of Strasbourg, France, 1974–85

A representative sample of 1650 children randomly selected in the 6-15-yr-old schoolchild population of Strasbourg was examined by well-calibrated examiners. The prevalence of caries was determined with the DMFT, DMFS and dft indices using bitewing radiographs. Plaque, calculus and gingival indices were also determined. The results obtained were compared with the initial study of 1974 performed in Strasbourg using the same epidemiologic methods. Whereas no important variations were observed in caries prevalence of primary teeth, a significant reduction of caries activity was observed in DMFT and DMFS indices in all age groups. There was a reduction of these two indices of respectively 32% and 33% in the 12-yr-old children. The reduction was the most significant on approximal surface lesions. A statistically significant decrease of the calculus and gingival indices was also observed between 1974 and 1984. A less significant decrease was observed for the plaque index.     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术中电切深度标识的探讨

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate，TUVP)电切深度标识的可行性。方法 回顾性分析616例前列腺增生症临床资料，其中310例术前彩超提示合并前列腺钙化，156例合并膀胱结石，23例合并膀胱肿瘤。TUVP操作过程中，观察到合并前列腺结石和机械操作“打滑现象”，停止电切。结果 全组手术时间30～120min，平均75min。术中验证术前彩超提示合并前列腺钙化的310例前列腺钙化为结石，同时发现其余306例均存在结石。1例术中膀胱穿孔，无尿道直肠瘘和尿道电切综合征发生。325例随访3～6个月，平均4．5月，最大尿流率由6．5～8．5ml／s提高到18～22ml／s，残余尿由70～150ml降至0～10ml，国际前列腺症状评分由19～24．5分降至0～7分。138例膀胱结石和23例膀胱肿瘤无复发。结论 前列腺结石和机械操作“打滑现象”作为TUVP的电切深度标识是切实可行的。     

冲击载荷作用下骨盆三维有限元分析及其生物力学意义

目的:探讨骨盆受到冲击载荷作用的力学行为特征,为临床分析及判断骨盆骨折类型、力学分布、冲击载荷影响提供力学基础。方法:采用计算机仿真模拟方法,将所构建骨盆三维实体模型导入三维有限元分析软件AN-SYS7.0,计算单侧髂前上棘和单侧髂骨正后方部位冲击载荷作用下骨盆的力学行为表现,冲击载荷为0～8000N,峰值8000N,时间自0～40ms,分析主应力值、应力分布情况以及主应力方向上骨盆单元的位移。结果:冲击载荷作用于单侧髂前上棘时,0～10ms主要的应力沿髂后上棘到髂前上棘分布,在冲击后期10ms以后,骶髂关节、髋臼和耻骨支都会产生较大的应力分布;作用于单侧髂骨正后方部位时,0～20ms主要的应力沿髂骨纵行传导,应力分布并没有在冲击峰值10ms时达到最大,而是从20ms之后,应力开始向骶髂关节、双侧耻骨支、坐骨支以及髋臼等部位传导并可见到明显的应力分布。结论:分析冲击载荷作用下骨盆各部位应力分布以及骨盆各个单元在应力作用下的位移变化,有助于临床上进行骨盆损伤内固定力点的选择以及进一步明确骨盆内在应力值分布。     

A multicenter clinical trial of gadolite oral suspension as a contrast agent for MRI

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of Gadolite Oral Suspension as a gastrointestinal (GI) contrast agent for MRI in a phase II and two phase III multicenter clinical trials. Gadolite was administered to 306 patients with known or suspected abdominal and/or pelvic disease. MRI with T1- and T2-weighted sequences was performed before and after ingestion. Efficacy was evaluated by having two masked readers rate the certainty of their MR diagnosis (0 = uncertain, 1 = probable, 2 = definite) on randomly presented pre- and post-Gadolite Oral Suspension enhanced images. Principal investigators also evaluated the images and established the final diagnosis. Vital signs, clinical chemistries, and adverse events were documented. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for gadolinium content to determine whether Gadolite Oral Suspension was absorbed systemically. Certainty in MR diagnosis increased significantly (P < .001) for both blinded readers between pre- and post-Gadolite images (.49–1.18 for reader 1; .46–1.53 for reader 2). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy also increased for both masked readers. No gadolinium was detected in blood or urine samples. There were no serious adverse events and no apparent drug-related trends in mean vital signs or laboratory values. Gadolite is a highly effective, safe, and well tolerated contrast agent for clinical use with MRI.