Lymphatic drainage from the skin of the back to retroperitoneal and paravertebral lymph nodes in melanoma patients

Background: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (LS) with^99mTc antimony sulphide colloid is now part of the routine management of patients with intermediate thickness melanoma at the Sydney Melanoma Unit. Over a 13-year period, 1375 patients have been examined using LS, and we have observed many unusual lymphatic drainage pathways, including direct drainage through the body wall to retroperitoneal and paravertebral lymph nodes from the skin of the back. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of such drainage in the 542 patients who had primary melanoma sites on the posterior trunk. Methods: The lymphoscintigrams performed on these patients were examined for the presence of direct lymphatic drainage through the posterior body wall to sentinel nodes in the retroperitoneal and paravertebral regions. Results: Lymphatic drainage directly through the body wall to such lymph nodes occurred in 14 of these 542 patients. Conclusions: Preoperative knowledge of the presence of this lymph drainage pattern may influence surgical management, and follow-up investigations in these patients can be tailored to ensure that the relevant areas are examined with anatomic imaging or F18-FDG PET scans.     

退行性脊柱侧凸患者椎旁肌退变与脊柱-骨盆参数的关系

目的 :分析退行性脊柱侧凸(adult degenerative scoliosis,ADS)患者椎旁肌(多裂肌、竖脊肌)MRI影像退变程度与脊柱-骨盆参数之间的关系,为ADS患者矢状位失平衡评估提供新的线索。方法:回顾性分析在我院就诊的女性ADS患者52例,年龄55～65岁,收集患者人口统计学资料,分别测量患者腰椎MRI上L1～S1椎间盘层面椎旁肌(多裂肌、竖脊肌)横截面积(cross-sectional area,CSA)、脂肪化比例(fat saturation fraction,FSF),并在患者脊柱全长X线片上测量冠状位和矢状位的影像学参数,包括冠状位Cobb角、矢状位垂直偏距(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、PI-LL,对椎旁肌L1～S1各层面FSF行单因素方差分析并进行LSD事后多重比较,利用Pearson相关分析比较椎旁肌退变程度和脊柱-骨盆参数之间的关系。结果:L1～S1各层面FSF有显著性差异(P0.01),L5/S1层面椎旁肌FSF明显大于其他层面(P0.05)。冠状位Cobb角与L1/2、L2/3、L3/4、L4/5椎间盘层面CSA呈负相关(r=-0.358、-0.367、-0.329、-0.283,P0.05)。椎旁肌FSF与PT在L1～S1各层面呈正相关(r=0.487、0.394、0.354、0.356、0.355,P0.05),而与SS呈负相关(r=-0.494、-0.440、-0.373、-0.301、-0.300,P0.05)。椎旁肌FSF与LL在L1/2、L2/3层面呈负相关(r=-0.398、-0.328,P0.05)。椎旁肌总体FSF(TFSF)与PT呈正相关(r=0.395,P0.01),与LL呈负相关(r=-0.345,P0.05)。L1～S1各层面椎旁肌CSA、FSF与SVA、PI、TK的Pearson相关分析结果无统计学意义(P0.05)。BMI与L1～S1各层面椎旁肌CSA呈正相关(P0.05),而与椎旁肌各层面FSF的Pearson相关分析结果无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在ADS患者中,椎旁肌FSF与PT有明显的正相关性,提示椎旁肌的退变可能参与了脊柱退变和代偿机制的过程,椎旁肌FSF可能反映了ADS患者矢状位失平衡的严重程度。     

老年患者胸腔镜肺叶切除术前行胸椎旁神经阻滞所需罗哌卡因的最佳药物浓度观察

目的:研究老年患者胸腔镜肺叶切除术（video-assisted thoracic surgery, VATS）前行胸椎旁神经阻滞（paravertebral nerve block, PVB）所需罗哌卡因的最佳药物浓度。方法:选取南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院2019年1月至2019年12月于全身麻醉下行VATS的老年...     

术中椎旁肌封闭对控制腰椎手术后疼痛的疗效观察

【目的】探讨术中在椎旁肌肉中注射药物对控制腰椎手术后疼痛的治疗作用。【方法】153例腰椎后路手术患者,分为肌肉封闭组78例,注射利多卡因+罗哌卡因;对照组75例,不作封闭治疗。分别观察术后不同时间两组VAS疼痛评分、住院期间肢体感觉、肌力、腱反射、平卧翻身及下地行走时间等。【结果】术后1d、1周、2周VAS评分,椎旁肌封闭组为(5.75±0.76)、(4.22±0.80)、(3.37±0.79),对照组则为(7.82±0.69)、(6.32±0.79)、(5.53±0.79),各时间点相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。椎旁肌封闭组对止痛药物的依赖性低,患者术后平卧翻身时间(1.85±0.31)d和下地行走时间(3.09±0.39)d均较对照组(2.09±0.36)d和(3.47±0.43)d缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。观察期间封闭组没有发现明显的胃肠道反应、心血管系统异常反应、尿潴留等不良反应。【结论】术中椎旁肌封闭能有效控制腰椎手术后的早期疼痛反应疼痛,对术后功能恢复有利。     

Non-Traumatic Myositis Ossificans in the Lumbosacral Paravertebral Muscle

Myositis ossificans (MO) is a benign condition of non-neoplastic heterotopic bone formation in the muscle or soft tissue. Trauma plays a role in the development of MO, thus, non-traumatic MO is very rare. Although MO may occur anywhere in the body, it is rarely seen in the lumbosacral paravertebral muscle (PVM). Herein, we report a case of non-traumatic MO in the lumbosacral PVM. A 42-year-old man with no history of trauma was referred to our hospital for pain in the low back, left buttock, and left thigh. On physical examination, a slightly tender, hard, and fixed mass was palpated in the left lumbosacral PVM. Computed tomography showed a calcified mass within the left lumbosacral PVM. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed heterogeneous high signal intensity in T1- and T2-weighted image, and no enhancement of the mass was found in the postcontrast T1-weighted MRI. The lack of typical imaging features required an open biopsy, and MO was confirmed. MO should be considered in the differential diagnosis when the imaging findings show a mass involving PVM. When it is difficult to distinguish MO from soft tissue or bone malignancy by radiology, it is necessary to perform a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.     

椎旁与侧隐窝注射在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的应用比较

目的比较椎旁与侧隐窝注射在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法选择腰椎间盘突出症患者200例,随机分为经椎旁注射组(Ⅰ组,n=100)和经侧隐窝注射组(Ⅱ组,n=100),用药均为消炎镇痛复合液。两组均结合针灸推拿等中医疗法,观察两组治疗效果、安全性以及不良反应。结果Ⅰ组的有效率和优良率分别为90%和77%,Ⅱ组的有效率和优良率分别为92%和78%。两组的治疗效果比较无显著性差异。Ⅰ组的神经激惹征发生率更少。结论两组均可应用于腰椎间盘突出症的治疗,并均可获得满意疗效,但经椎旁较经侧隐窝入路操作相对简单、容易掌握,且不良反应更少。     

胸腔镜直视下经胸入路与超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜肺叶切除患者围术期镇痛的影响

目的 比较胸腔镜直视下经胸入路与超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）对单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术中麻醉管理及术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 选择2018年1月至2018年12月在中国科技大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）择期行单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,采用随机数字法将其分为超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞组（P组）和胸腔镜直视下经胸入路胸椎旁神经阻滞组（I组）,每组30例。P组在术前由麻醉医师超声定位T₄、T₆椎旁间隙,I组在关胸前由外科医师在胸腔镜直视下定位T₄、T₆椎旁间隙,分别予以0.5%罗哌卡因10 mL,总量20 mL,行TPVB。两组患者均予以支气管内全麻,术后使用患者静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）。采用针刺法记录痛觉较对侧减退的节段数。记录两组患者TPVB的操作时间及阻滞皮区范围,记录入室后、插管后、手术5 min、手术30 min、术毕、拔管后的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）,记录丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的用量,两组患者拔管时间、恢复室的停留时间及烦躁、气胸、椎旁血肿（胸腔镜直视下判断）发生情况;分别记录手术后1、2、4、6、8、12、24、48小时两组患者静止和咳嗽时的VAS评分,术后PCIA泵的有效按压次数及舒芬太尼的消耗量。结果 操作时间I组低于P组,苏醒后痛觉阻滞范围I组大于P组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;手术5 min、手术30 min两组患者的MAP、HR均有降低,且I组相较于P组降低更明显,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,I组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的用量,拔管时间、PACU停留时间均高于P组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,术后48 h内,两组患者各时间点静止、咳嗽时VAS评分、PCIA舒芬太尼的消耗量及患者满意度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。P组有5例患者存在直径>5 mm的出血斑块,I组无直径>5 mm的出血斑块发生。结论 术前超声引导下TPVB可减少患者麻醉药用量,有利于患者术中麻醉管理,且苏醒较快,但可能出现胸壁出血、血肿;术中胸腔镜直视下TPVB,可避免反复穿刺及误注血管的风险,有利于患者术后镇痛;二者都有利于患者的预后,可根据情况适时选择实施。     

胸腔镜直视下经胸入路与超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜肺叶切除患者围术期镇痛的影响

目的 比较胸腔镜直视下经胸入路与超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞（TPVB）对单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术中麻醉管理及术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 选择2018年1月至2018年12月在中国科技大学附属第一医院（安徽省立医院）择期行单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,采用随机数字法将其分为超声引导下经皮入路胸椎旁神经阻滞组（P组）和胸腔镜直视下经胸入路胸椎旁神经阻滞组（I组）,每组30例。P组在术前由麻醉医师超声定位T₄、T₆椎旁间隙,I组在关胸前由外科医师在胸腔镜直视下定位T₄、T₆椎旁间隙,分别予以0.5%罗哌卡因10 mL,总量20 mL,行TPVB。两组患者均予以支气管内全麻,术后使用患者静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）。采用针刺法记录痛觉较对侧减退的节段数。记录两组患者TPVB的操作时间及阻滞皮区范围,记录入室后、插管后、手术5 min、手术30 min、术毕、拔管后的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）,记录丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的用量,两组患者拔管时间、恢复室的停留时间及烦躁、气胸、椎旁血肿（胸腔镜直视下判断）发生情况;分别记录手术后1、2、4、6、8、12、24、48小时两组患者静止和咳嗽时的VAS评分,术后PCIA泵的有效按压次数及舒芬太尼的消耗量。结果 操作时间I组低于P组,苏醒后痛觉阻滞范围I组大于P组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;手术5 min、手术30 min两组患者的MAP、HR均有降低,且I组相较于P组降低更明显,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,I组术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的用量,拔管时间、PACU停留时间均高于P组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,术后48 h内,两组患者各时间点静止、咳嗽时VAS评分、PCIA舒芬太尼的消耗量及患者满意度比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。P组有5例患者存在直径>5 mm的出血斑块,I组无直径>5 mm的出血斑块发生。结论 术前超声引导下TPVB可减少患者麻醉药用量,有利于患者术中麻醉管理,且苏醒较快,但可能出现胸壁出血、血肿;术中胸腔镜直视下TPVB,可避免反复穿刺及误注血管的风险,有利于患者术后镇痛;二者都有利于患者的预后,可根据情况适时选择实施。     

Primary amyloidoma in epidural and paravertebral space of the lumbar spine

Background context

Localized amyloid deposits result in a mass, that is, so-called amyloidoma; it has been reported in every anatomic site, although systemic amyloid deposition is much more common. However, primary lumbar epidural amyloidoma without bony involvement is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, only one case has been reported previously.

Purpose

To report and review the clinical presentations, imaging studies, and treatment of epidural and paravertebral amyloidoma.

Study design

A case report and review of the literature.

Methods

Lumbar epidural and paravertebral amyloidoma in a 75-year-old man with neurologic compromise is presented. Laminectomy with mass resection was performed.

Results

After surgery, almost complete neurologic improvement was observed. Histologically, definite diagnosis was obtained only after the specific staining of tissue. No sign of local recurrence was evident 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

Primary amyloidoma, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of epidural mass of the spine. Diagnosis before surgery is difficult as there were no characteristic findings in clinical and imaging studies. Special histologic technique and stains are useful to make a definite diagnosis.