中西医结合治疗脑卒中后焦虑障碍45例临床研究

目的：观察中西医结合治疗脑卒中后焦虑障碍（PSAD）的临床疗效。方法；对45例PSAD病人于治疗前后进行SAS测评，并对所获资料进行统计学分析。结果：焦虑症状消失率为88．89％；SAS标准分均数值经治疗后明显下降，有统计学意义（P＜0．001）；各项目所引起的症状得分均数值亦明显下降。结论：中西医结合治疗PSAD可取得较好疗效。     

PSA、FPSA及PSAD在前列腺癌诊断中的意义

目的评价前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、游离前列腺特异性抗原(FPSA)/PSA在诊断前列腺癌中的价值.方法利用电化学发光免疫法测定40例前列腺增生 (BPH)和26例前列腺癌(PCa)患者血清中的PSA、PSAD、FPSA/PSA.利用ROC曲线评价它们在PCa诊断中的价值.结果PCa患者血清的PSA、PSAD明显高于BPH组,FPSA/PSA明显低于BPH组,以PSA＞4.0ng/ml,PSAD＞0.15,FPSA/PSA＜0.19为临界值,可明显提高对PCa的诊断特异性,减少不必要的病理穿刺.结论PSA单项检测对PCa的诊断是一项较敏感的指标,而联合测定FPSA和计算PSAD、FPSA/PSA能提高诊断的特异性.     

PSA、PSAD测定对前列腺癌诊断的价值

目的：探讨血清前列腺特异抗原（PSA）和前列腺特异性抗原密度（PSAD）作为前列腺癌（PC）诊断指标的价值。方法：采用放射免疫分析方法测定50例前列腺增生（BPH）患者36例前列腺癌（PC）患者的血清PSA水平，B超测定前列腺体积，计算单位体积的PSA值（PSAD），结果：PSA界限值定为4μg/L时，其诊断PC敏感度为94％，特异度为36％，准确度为60％，PSA界限值为10μg/L时，敏感度为89％，特异率为62％，准确度为73％，PSAD测定诊断PC敏感度为89％，特异度为90％，准确度为90％，结论：对于前列腺癌的诊断，PSAD值测定较PSA值测定的准确度高。     

前列腺特异性抗原密度测定在前列腺疾病诊断中的应用

由于前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）在前列腺良恶性疾病诊断鉴别中存在一定误差率，故改用前列腺特异性抗原密度（ＰＳＡＤ）对３８例前列腺病患者进行研究，其中前列腺癌１１例，前列腺增生２７例。运用核磁共振（ＭＲＩ）测量前列腺长、宽、高，借助公式：体积＝长×宽×高×０．５计算出前列腺体积，则ＰＳＡＤ＝ＰＳＡ／Ｖ。研究结果表明：前列腺肥大ＰＳＡＤ平均值为０．０５５，前列腺癌ＰＳＡＤ平均值为１．１４４，前列腺增生组中ＰＳＡＤ最大值未超过０．２３，即使超过０．１５的仅２例。在总共１２例ＰＳＡＤ大于０．１５的患者中，前列腺癌占了１０例，而前列腺肥大仅２例。而ＰＳＡＤ小于０．１的范围中前列腺增生有２２例，而前列腺癌却无一例，由此可见ＰＳＡＤ可作为前列腺良恶性疾病鉴别诊断的有效指标之一。     

Use of Systematic Biopsy Results to Predict Pathologic Stage in Patients with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Report

Background : The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of clinical tests to predict advanced pathologic stage (seminal vesicle invasion, pT3c, or pelvic lymph node metastases, pN+).
Methods : T stage, PSA, PSA density, and pathologic features in systematic biopsy specimens were correlated with pathologic stage in 190 consecutive patients with clinically localized (T1-3) prostate cancer detected by systematic needle biopsies and treated with radical prostatectomies.
Results : Thirty-three patients (17%) had an advanced pathologic stage cancer (pT3c or pN+). In logistic regression analysis, the total length of cancer in all biopsy cores ( P < 0.0005), the percent of poorly-differentiated cancer in each specimen (P < 0.021), and serum PSA (P < 0.028) were the only significant predictors of advanced stage. A model was constructed to predict advanced stage: if the PSA was 6 ng/mL and 4 or more biopsy cores were positive and the total length of cancer in all cores was 20 mm and at least 10% of the cancer was poorly-differentiated, then 14 (93%) of 15 patients had an advanced pathologic stage cancer compared to 11% of the remaining 175 patients (P < 0.0005). Conclusion: The pathologic features of cancer in systematic needle biopsy specimens more accurately predicts which patients have advanced stage cancer than standard clinical tests alone.     

PSA、PSAD、f／tPSA在早期前列腺癌诊断作用的研究

目的探讨前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、PSA密度（VSXO）、游离PSA／总PSA比值（f／tPSA）在诊断早期前列腺癌（PCa）中的价值。方法对640例患者行前列腺穿刺活检,其中PSA〈4．0ng／ml者36例为直肠指诊及直肠超声可疑者。病理诊断为415例良性前列腺增生和225例前列腺癌,利用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定患者血清中的PSA、游离PSA（fPSA）,利用经直肠超声测定前列腺体积,并计算出f／tPSA及PSAD进行统计学分析。结果PCa组患者血清的PSA、PSAD明显高于前列腺良性增生（BPH）组（P〈0．01）,f／tPSA明显低于BPH组（P〈0．01）,但当血清PSA为4—20ng/ml时,两组患者PSA没有明显差异（P〉0．05）。以PSA〉4．0ng／ml、PSAD〉0．15、f／tPSA〈0．18为临界值可明显提高对PCa诊断的特异性,特别是当血清PSA为4—20ng／ml时对提高临床诊断更有意义。结论联合测定PSA、fPSA并计算f／tPSA及PSAD对诊断PCa具有明显临床意义。     

PSAD联合DCE-MRI对前列腺癌诊断价值的研究

目的 探讨前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)联合动态增强扫描磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数Ktrans、Kep、Ve对前列腺癌(PCa)的诊断价值.方法 选取马鞍山市人民医院2015年5月至2016年6月前列腺患者66例,其中PCa 25例、前列腺增生(BPH)41例.所有患者均行DCE-MRI检查、PSA检测,将得出结果按照11种组合方案,参照病理结果,绘制受试者特性曲线(ROC),比较所有诊断方案的灵敏度、特异度及准确度.结果 BPH组患者的PSA、PSAD、Ktrans、Kep、Ve分别为(14.72±12.86)ng/mL、(0.25±0.23)ng/(mL·cm3)、(0.22±0.10)/min、(1.35±0.59)/min、(0.17±0.07),PCa组患者分别为(30.42±23.90)ng/mL、(0.84±0.52)ng/(mL·cm3)、(0.52±0.18)/min、(2.51±1.10)/min、(0.24±0.10),BPH组患者的参数均低于PCa组,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).单参数诊断方案中Ktrans诊断价值最高,灵敏度、特异度、AUCROC分别为85.7%、90.2%、0.93.PSAD+Ktrans在11种组合方案中诊断价值最高,灵敏度、特异度、AUCROC分别为90.5%、95.1%、0.96.结论 PSAD及DCE-MRI定量参数Ktrans、Kep对前列腺癌有较好的诊断价值,PSAD联合Ktrans为前列腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断提供了重要的参考.     

Nomogram for predicting the probability of the positive outcome of prostate biopsies among Ghanaian men

Introduction and objectives

Several existing models have been developed to predict positive prostate biopsy among men undergoing evaluation for prostate cancer (PCa). However, most of these models have come from industrialized countries. We therefore, developed a prostate disease nomogram model to provide a basis for predicting a prostate biopsy outcome by correlating clinical indicators and diagnostic parameters among Ghanaian men.