骨髓基质细胞条件培养液中神经活性物质的提取与纯化

目的分离纯化骨髓基质细胞(bone marrow strolnal cells，BMSCs)条件培养液以获得某些神经活性物质。方法分离培养小鼠骨髓基质细胞并收集其培养液，超滤浓缩后采用Sephadex G-100层析，高效液相色谱分析(HPLC)和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶不连续电泳(SDS-PAGE)等技术分离其培养液中的蛋白组分并利用细胞培养技术验证其神经活性作用。结果骨髓基质细胞培养液经Sephadex G-100层析及HPLC分析，证实Ⅲ峰中的A峰和B峰对神经细胞生长有明显的促进作用，其相对分子质量分别为18000和14000。结论骨髓基质细胞条件培养液中相对分子质量为18000和14000两组分对神经元有营养活性。     

Evaluation of combined fibroblast growth factor-2 and moderate hypothermia therapy in traumatically brain injured rats

Both the exogenous administration of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or the induction of moderate hypothermia have been shown to attenuate histopathology and improve functional outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since combined therapeutic strategies may be more beneficial than single therapies, we examined the potential synergistic effect of FGF-2 combined with moderate hypothermia treatment induced 10 min after TBI on functional and histological outcome following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to one sham and four CCI treatment groups: Sham+vehicle (VEH); FGF-2 (45 microg/kg/h for 3 h i.v.)+Normothermia (37+/-0.5 degrees C); FGF-2+Hypothermia (32+/-0.5 degrees C for 3 h); VEH+Norm; VEH+Hypo. Vestibulomotor performance on the beam balance and beam-walk (BW) tasks on post-operative days 1-5 and spatial memory acquisition in the Morris water maze (MWM) on days 14-18 were assessed. After 4 weeks survival, histological evaluations (CA(1) and CA(3) cell counts and lesion volume) were performed. MWM performance improved in all treatment groups, but combined treatment was not more efficacious than either alone. The FGF-2+Hypo group performed significantly better than the other injured treatment groups in the BW task. Lastly, no significant group differences in beam balance or histological outcome were observed. These data suggest a suboptimal and incomplete synergy of combined FGF-2 and hypothermia treatment. These data may indicate that either our dose of FGF-2 or combination therapy was not optimized in our model.     

Truncated TrkB mediates the endocytosis and release of BDNF and neurotrophin-4/5 by rat astrocytes and schwann cells in vitro

Binding and cross-linking studies with radiolabeled neurotrophins demonstrate that cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes lack full-length TrkB, but do express high levels of truncated TrkB (tTrkB). In astrocytes and Schwann cells, tTrkB appears to have the novel function of mediating the endocytosis of neurotrophins into an acid-stable, Triton X-100 resistant intracellular pool that is released back into the medium in a temperature-dependent manner. Chloroquine treatment, trichloroacetic acid solubility, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that when incubated with astrocytes or Schwann cells for at least 48 h neither the intracellular nor the released neurotrophins were significantly degraded. The endocytosis and release of neurotrophins may represent a novel mechanism whereby neuroglia can regulate the local concentration of these neurotrophic factors for extended periods of time.     

神经营养因子3基因转染对庆大霉素性耳聋保护作用的实验研究

目的 :探讨阳离子脂质体介导的神经营养因子 3(NT3)基因转染对豚鼠庆大霉素性耳聋的保护作用。方法 :将携带外源性基因NT3的重组真核表达载体 pIRES2 EGFP NT3与阳离子脂质体复合物注入豚鼠耳蜗 ,术后给予庆大霉素肌肉注射 (12 0mg/kg) 14d ,分别于停药后 1d、2周进行听性脑干反应 (ABR)及畸变产物耳声发射 (DPOAE)测听并观察转染基因在耳蜗的表达和分布及耳蜗毛细胞受损情况。结果 :NT3组DP gram幅值降低较对照组明显减轻 ,ABR阈值升高亦无对照组显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。耳蜗基底膜FITC phalloidin染色见NT3组耳蜗毛细胞的缺失较对照组明显减轻。结论 :阳离子脂质体介导的NT3基因转染对豚鼠庆大霉素性耳聋具有一定程度的保护作用。     

Rapid genotyping of newborn gene mutant mice

One important aspect of utilizing transgenic mice is the need to genotype them in order to distinguish mice that carry a disrupted gene or a transgene from mice that do not. Current methods for genotyping include isolation of genomic DNA from tail biopsies followed by PCR amplification. Particularly, both digestion of tail tissue using proteinase K as well as resuspension of purified DNA are time-consuming and were usually carried out overnight. Here, we describe a rapid and robust method for the genotyping of bdnf targeted mice which allows us to determine the genotype of newborn mice at the day of birth within 6 h. After a freezing–thawing step tail tissue is digested in less than 2 h, and the DNA is precipitated, resuspended and ready for PCR in about 60 min. The method could be easily adapted to a variety of different mutant mice and especially should benefit neuroscientists interested in using animals with known genotype very early in postnatal development.     

NRAGE影响人食管癌细胞放射抗性的作用及其机制研究

背景与目的：食管癌是全球威胁人类生命和健康的常见恶性肿瘤之一，中国每年食管癌发病人数占全球发病总人数的一半以上，以食管鳞癌最为常见。放疗是食管癌三大治疗手段之一，而放射抗性是导致其治疗失败的主要原因。神经营养因子受体相互作用MAGE类药物（neurotrophin receptor-interacting MAGE homolog，NRAGE）在放射抗性细胞株TE13R120中表达量明显高于亲本TE13细胞，且NRAGE亚细胞定位变化可能参与食管癌细胞放射抗性的形成。通过基因转染构建NRAGE稳定表达的食管癌细胞系，以进一步明确NRAGE基因与食管鳞癌细胞放射抗性的关系，分析该基因影响放射抗性的具体机制。方法：通过基因转染构建NRAGE稳定表达的食管癌细胞系。采用细胞克隆形成实验检测细胞放射敏感性，采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期及凋亡；细胞划痕、Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞迁移、侵袭能力，采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time fluorescence quantitive polymerase chain reaction，RTFQ-PCR）和蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）检测细胞中β-catenin表达情况。组间差异采用t检验或方差分析。结果：实验分为转染过表达组（Eca109/NRAGE组）和空白对照组（Eca109组）。Eca109/NRAGE细胞中NRAGE的表达量明显高于Eca109（t=29.65，P<0.05）。照射后Eca109/NRAGE细胞的放射抗性显著高于Eca109。流式细胞术检测结果显示，Eca109/NRAGE细胞中对射线抵抗性最强的S期细胞比例增加，对射线最敏感的G ₂ /M期减少。Eca109/NRAGE细胞凋亡率较Eca109细胞降低（t=3.268，P<0.05）。Eca109/NRAGE细胞迁移和侵袭能力均高于Eca109。RTFQ-PCR和Western blot检测结果显示，β-catenin的mRNA表达及蛋白水平在Eca109/NRAGE细胞中明显高于Eca109（t=15.87，P<0.05）。结论：NRAGE参与Eca109细胞放射抗性的形成，改变细胞的细胞周期分布和凋亡情况，影响细胞迁移及侵袭能力并可能影响食管癌细胞的放射敏感性，该作用可能与激活Wnt/β-catenin信号转导通路有关。     

Metrifonate,like acetylcholine,up-regulates neurotrophic activity of cultured rat astrocytes

BackgroundMetrifonate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Several studies confirmed its positive effects on cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease but it was due to adverse events withdrawn from clinical trials. Based on the importance of astrocytes in physiological and pathological brain activities we investigated the impact of metrifonate and, for comparison, acetylcholine on intrinsic neurotrophic activity in these cells.MethodsMetabolic activity, intracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured to examine the impact of metrifonate on viability and integrity of cultured rat cortical astrocytes. The influence of metrifonate, acetylcholine and selective cholinergic ligands on nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) synthesis and secretion was determined by specific two-site enzyme immunoassays.ResultsExposure of cultured astrocytes to metrifonate displayed no toxic effects on cell viability. Metrifonate and acetylcholine potently and transiently elevated NGF and BDNF, but not NT-3, protein levels and secretion with different intensity and time frame of their maximal response. Stimulatory effect on NGF was mimicked by selective nicotinic receptor agonist nicotine and completely blocked by nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine. The impact on BDNF synthesis was mimicked by muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine and abolished by selective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine.ConclusionsMetrifonate up-regulates astrocytic NGF and BDNF synthesis in the same manner as acetylcholine, their effect depends on different cholinergic pathways. These results suggest a trophic role of metrifonate, based on a well-known neurotrophic activity of NGF and BDNF in vivo.     

NT-3、NT-4和BDNF在面神经逆行转运的动力学比较

目的　研究神经营养素 3(NT- 3)、神经营养素 4(NT- 4)和脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF)在面神经中的逆行转运动力学特点。方法　将新西兰兔一侧面神经干横切断后置入硅胶再生室 ,再将 1 2 5I标记的 NT- 3或NT- 4或 BDNF或人血清白蛋白 (HSA) (10μl/只 ,约 3.7MBq)注入再生室 ,在注药后于不同时刻取兔面神经干和脑干面神经运动核 ,测定其摄取率。利用 3P87动力学处理程序分析计算各标记物在面神经的动力学参数。结果　面神经逆行转运神经营养素的转运量 :NT- 3>BDNF>NT- 4(P <0 .0 5 ) ,转运速率 :NT- 4>NT- 3>BDNF (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　研究结果提供了神经营养素在面神经逆行转运的动力学特点。     

Prenatal choline deficiency decreases the cross-sectional area of cholinergic neurons in the medial septal nucleus

Levels of dietary choline in utero influence postnatal cognitive performance. To better understand this phenomenon, forebrain cholinergic neurons were studied in the 8-9 month old offspring of dams fed a control or choline-deficient diet from EDs 11-17. Serial sections were immunostained with antibodies against p75, a cholinergic marker. Neuronal morphology was analyzed in the basal forebrain, a heterogeneous area composed of several structures including the medial septal nucleus (MSN), nucleus of the diagonal band (DB), and the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NB). Neuronal cross-sectional areas were selectively reduced in the MSN of choline-deficient animals, compared to controls, but cell counts were not altered. Our findings suggest that cholinergic medial septal neurons may be selectively vulnerable to in utero choline deficiency.