Respiratory symptoms associated with the use of azodicarbonamide foaming agent in a plastics injection molding facility

Respiratory health variables were studied cross-sectionally in 227 employees of a plastics molding facility where numerous complaints had been apparently associated with the use of azodicarbonamide foaming agent in injection molding. Pre- and postshift respiratory status measures and azodicarbonamide concentrations were also obtained for 17 employees. Cross-sectional pulmonary function differences by injection molding status were not observed. Modest decrements in pulmonary function measures were observed between start and end of shift but with no dose-effect relationship. A strong association was observed for injection molding workers for eye/nose/throat irritation, cough, and wheezing. Additionally, wheezing, chest tightness, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were strongly associated with work in injection molding during periods in which azodicarbonamide was in use. These results suggest respiratory symptom causation by some combination of azodicarbonamide itself, reaction products of azodicarbonamide formed during injection molding, or other unidentified agents uniquely associated with the process of injection molding with azodicarbonamide foaming agent.     

饮片细粉对肠炎宁半浸膏片压缩成型的影响研究

目的 研究半浸膏颗粒中饮片细粉含量对其物理性质和压缩性能的影响。方法 以肠炎宁片为模型药物,测定含不同饮片细粉比例的肠炎宁颗粒的粉体学性质、压缩过程参数、抗张强度等指标,采用不同压缩方程对片剂抗张强度-压力、孔隙率-压力、抗张强度-孔隙率的变化规律进行拟合,阐明肠炎宁半浸膏片的成型机制,并用主成分分析对粉体学性质、压缩过程参数及拟合系数之间的相关性进行分析。结果 当肠炎宁颗粒中的饮片细粉含量小于6%时,随着饮片细粉含量的增加,粒子间的结合力增强,粉体的成型性增强;当含量超过6%后,饮片细粉弹性作用增强,粒子间结合力减弱,抑制成型。结论 从压缩成型角度说明了肠炎宁半浸膏片中饮片细粉含量的临界值为6%,可为半浸膏片的处方工艺优化提供较好的理论和实验依据。     

精制芎归缓释滴丸的制备

目的:筛选水溶性和水不溶性载体的种类、配比,研究缓释滴丸剂的成型处方。方法:以圆整度、硬度、料液的黏度、流动性、易滴制程度、累计释放百分数等为考察指标,采用正交设计试验对精制芎归缓释滴丸的成型处方进行优选。结果与结论:按照选定的处方既能有一定的速释量,还能保证10h持续释药80%以上,达到了释药设计目的。     

改良可视双腔支气管导管塑形方法在胸科手术单肺通气中的应用

目的 观察改良可视双腔支气管导管（Visual Double-Lumen Tube,VDLT）塑形方法在胸外科手术单肺通气中的应用效果。方法 选取2020-08至2021-08我院胸外科择期手术单肺通气患者60例,美国麻醉医师协会（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）分级I～Ⅲ级,年龄24～80岁,性别不限,BMI 19～28 kg/m2。采用随机数字表法将患者分为传统塑形组（Tsaditional Shaping,TS组）和改良塑形组（Isproved Shaping,IS组）,每组30例。记录麻醉诱导前（T1）、麻醉诱导后即刻（T2）、插管后1 min(T3)的心率（Heart Rate,HR）及平均动脉血压（Mean Arterial Pressure,MAP）;记录插管时间、插管次数、支气管定位情况;记录术后咽喉部疼痛、声音嘶哑等并发症情况。结果 TS组插管时间（67.1±23.8）s明显长于IS组（38.9±10.0）s;TS组插管次数1.3±0.4次明显多于IS组1.0±0.0次（P<0.05）,两组可视双腔支气管导管支...     

调胃承气颗粒的成型辅料优选

目的:筛选调胃承气颗粒的辅料种类及配比,解决其成型性、溶化性及吸湿性等问题,为该制剂的临床推广与开发提供参考。方法:以颗粒的外观、粒度、水分、溶化性、吸湿性等为质量评价指标,通过单因素试验筛选调胃承气颗粒的辅料品种、配比及用量,并对成型颗粒进行质量验证和临界相对湿度、休止角考察。结果:最佳成型辅料为乳糖和甘露醇混合物,以浸膏-乳糖-甘露醇(1∶3∶1)配比混合制粒,制得的颗粒大小均匀,成型性、溶解性、流动性均好,且不易吸湿。临界相对湿度69%,休止角40度。结论:优选的辅料可显著地提高该制剂的稳定性,且工艺科学合理、简便可行。     

Methods of Preparation and Performance Evaluation of ABS/Mineral Microsphere Composites Produced through FDM and Compression Molding

The use of amorphous microspheres as filler in composites is promising due to their light weight, low cost, incombustibility, and the ability to alter relevant properties of the final composite. Contrary to glass spheres, perlite microspheres are much cheaper and can be tailor-made to facilitate purpose-oriented alteration of the final composite. We report the use of perlite microspheres for the preparation of: (1) composites, through a compression molding (hot pressing) technique; and (2) composite filaments, in a single screw extruder, as well as their use for sample printing through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Proper characterization of the produced composites allows for their evaluation in terms of physical, thermal, and mechanical properties and with regards to the manufacturing technique, the filler fraction, and size. Composite samples of acceptable quality in terms of filler survival and dispersion as well as mechanical properties were produced through compression molding using fine expanded perlite microspheres (<90 μm) up to an infill ratio of 40 vol.%. Fine fillers (<90 μm) performed well in FDM, allowing printing of composite dogbone samples with a higher Young’s modulus and elongation and similar ultimate tensile strength compared to benchmark, up to an infill ratio of 20 vol.%. Composite samples present a slightly lower burning rate compared to those produced solely by ABS. Perlite microspheres present good workability in both applications, possessing satisfactory performance as filler in the composites, and can thus be assumed a promising multifunctional filler for various thermoplastics considering their low price, environmental impact, and fire rating.     

Box-Behnken效应面法优化胃爽颗粒剂成型工艺

目的优化胃爽颗粒剂的成型工艺。方法以糊精/浸膏比例（X1）、乙醇浓度（X2）、剪切制软材时间（X3）和流化床进口干燥空气温度（X4）为考察对象,以合格颗粒收率（Y1/%）、溶化时间（Y2/min）及吸湿性（Y3/%）作为评价指标,利用4因素3水平Box-Behnken效应面法优化胃爽颗粒剂成型工艺。结果最佳成型工艺：糊精/浸膏比例为3.0,乙醇浓度为77.2%,剪切制软材时间为36.3 min,流化床进口干燥空气温度为98.4℃。结论通过Box-Behnken效应面法可以用于胃爽颗粒剂的成型工艺的优化,制得颗粒剂各项指标符合规定。     

元胡止痛滴丸的成型工艺及晾丸工艺研究

目的:探讨元胡止痛滴丸成型工艺及晾丸工艺的优化。方法:采用正交试验法,以滴丸的圆整度、丸重差异及成型率为考察指标,优化滴距、滴速、冷凝温度及料温等滴制工艺参数;应用低温真空干燥技术晾丸,并以滴丸含水量为考察指标,对干燥温度、压力和时间等晾丸工艺参数进行优化。结果:优选基质为PEG 6000,中药提取物与基质配比为1.0∶2.0;最佳滴制工艺:滴距为3 cm,滴速为45滴/min,冷凝温度为10℃,料温为85℃;最佳晾丸工艺:干燥温度为35℃,压力为-0.05 Mpa,时间为18 h。结论:该优化工艺合理、可行,极大提高了滴丸的生产效率,且重现性良好。     

口气清新泡腾片的成型工艺的研究

目的研究口气清新泡腾片的成型工艺。方法以崩解时限、发泡量、pH值口感等为评价指标,采用单因素实验优选成型工艺。结果确定最佳工艺条件为：金银花、山楂用水提取2次,合并滤液,浓缩成稠膏,加入茶多酚和乳糖－甘露醇（2：1）干燥后磨粉;选用枸橼酸－酒石酸（2：1）和碳酸氢钠作为泡腾剂,采用外加法添加碳酸氢钠,两步法加入崩解剂CMS-Na,所得泡腾片口感好,硬度适中,吸湿性良好,片重差异小,崩解时限符合规定。结论该制备工艺稳定,可行。     

Analysis of Mechanical Properties Related to Fiber Length of Closed-Loop-Recycled Offcuts of a Thermoplastic Fiber Composites (Organo Sheets)

Increasing demand for energy-efficient means of transport has steadily intensified the trend towards lightweight components. Thermoplastic glass fiber composites (organo sheets) play a major role in the production of functional automotive components. Organo sheets are cut, shaped and functionalized by injection molding to produce hybrid components, such as those used in car door modules. The cutting process produces a considerable amount of production waste, which has thus far been thermally recycled. This study develops a closed mechanical recycling process and analyzes the different steps of the process. The offcuts were shredded using two shredding methods and implemented directly in the injection-molding process. Using tensile tests and impact bending tests, the material properties of the recycled materials were compared with the virgin material. In addition, fiber length degradation via the injection-molding process and the influence of the waterjet-cutting process on the mechanical properties are investigated. Recycled offcuts are both comparable to new material in terms of mechanical properties and usability, and are also economically and ecologically advantageous. Recycling polypropylene waste with glass fiber reinforcement in a closed loop is an effective way to reduce industrial waste in a sustainable and economical production process.