经自然腔道取标本手术在结直肠外科手术中的应用进展

随着腔镜技术的进一步发展以及微创理念应用于结直肠外科疾病的诊治中,结直肠相关疾病的诊治发生了翻天覆地的变化。由传统的经腹手术到腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道手术,再到经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES),结直肠疾病的外科诊治在微创领域取得了巨大成果。NOSES技术是目前结直肠外科在微创领域前沿的手术方式之一,它通过经直肠、阴道取标本来避免了腹壁的辅助取标本切口,从而将结直肠外科手术进一步微创化。NOSES技术集传统腹腔镜手术的优势与现代微创外科的理念于一体,它在确保手术效果的基础上集中体现了微创、加速康复外科、功能外科、"无疤"等理念的特点。本文主要就国内外各中心开展NOSES技术在结直肠外科诊治开展中的相关经验、心得和体会进行综述。     

Minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: New technology has allowed us to perform major abdominal and pelvic surgeries with increasingly smaller instruments. The ultimate goal is surgery with no visible scars. Until current technical limitations are overcome, minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery (MANOS) provides a solution. The aim of this study was to examine our clinical and experimental experience with MANOS. METHOD: Minilaparoscopic abdominal instruments were used together with a large vaginal port, which was used for insufflation, visual purposes, introduction of operative instruments, and specimen extraction. Minilaparoscopy-assisted intraperitoneal transgastric appendectomy was done in simulators (Lap trainer with SimuVision, Simulab Corp., Seattle, WA). RESULTS: Since 1998, we have used this technique in 100 cases including ovarian cystectomies, oophorectomies, salpingo-oophorectomies, myomectomies, appendectomies, and cholecystectomies. Some oophorectomies were performed after vaginal hysterectomy in cases where vaginal extraction was not possible. In this case series, we had only one complication, a case of postoperative fever after an ovarian cystectomy, which was diagnosed as drug-related fever. Our limited simulator experience showed that MANOS is a feasible technique for performing transgastric appendectomies. CONCLUSION: It may take several years for natural orifice surgery to become standard care. Meanwhile, MANOS could encourage and expedite this process.     

清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆32例

目的观察清开灵注射液治疗脑血管性痴呆的疗效.方法将中医学辨证属于实证的64例脑血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组(清开灵注射液组)和对照组(脑复康组),治疗5周后,将两组治疗前后在智力障碍程度、肢体功能、血液流变学指标、中医证型疗效方面的变化进行比较.结果经治疗后治疗组和对照组相比较,智力障碍程度变化(有效率、MMSE、ADL积分)、肌力、步行能力改变有显著性差异,p＜0.05.而治疗前后组内及组间血流变指标虽有一定下降,但无统计学意义(p＞0.05).结论清开灵注射液对脑血管性痴呆患者,在改善智力障碍、肌力、步行能力方面有较好的疗效.     

腹部无辅助切口经阴道取标本的全机器人远端胃切除术(GC-NOSES Ⅳ式)

目的经自然腔道取标本手术(natural orifice specimen extraction surgery,NOSES)具有美观、腹壁损伤小、术后疼痛轻等优势,笔者旨在探究机器人(Da Vinci Xi)在胃癌NOSES中的手术技巧及应用要点。方法选取南昌大学第一附属医院普外科1例胃癌病例,简介使用Da Vinci Xi手术机器人系统进行腹部无辅助切口经阴道取标本的远端胃切除术的手术步骤。结果手术顺利完成,术中及术后无并发症。结论经腹部无辅助切口经阴道取标本的远端胃切除术是安全、可行的,机器人的应用为手术的进行创造了极大的便利。     

Robotic transanal total mesorectal excision: Is the future now?

Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard surgical treatment for the curative radical resection of rectal cancers. Minimally invasive TME has been gaining ground favored by the continuous technological advancements. New procedures, such as transanal TME (TaTME), have been introduced to overcome some technical limitations, especially in low rectal tumors, obese patients, and/or narrow pelvis. The earliest TaTME reports showed promising results when compared with the conventional laparoscopic TME. However, recent publications raised concerns regarding the high rates of anastomotic leaks or local recurrences observed in national series. Robotic TaTME (R-TaTME) has been proposed as a novel technique incorporating the potential benefits of a perineal dissection together with precise control of the distal margins, and also offers all those advantages provided by the robotic technology in terms of improved precision and dexterity. Encouraging short-term results have been reported for R-TaTME, but further studies are needed to assess the real role of the new technique in the long-term oncological or functional outcomes. The present review aims to provide a general overview of R-TaTME by analyzing the body of the available literature, with a special focus on the potential benefits, harms, and future perspectives for this novel approach.     

通腑泄热豁痰法治疗急性脑出血42例疗效观察

目的:观察通腑泄热豁痰法治疗急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法:将80例患者随机分为2组。治疗组42例根据病情对症采用西医常规处理,并口服或鼻饲通腑泄热豁痰方药;对照组38例以常规西药治疗。2组均以4周为1疗程,观察2组疗效及意识状态、运动功能的变化。结果:治疗组显效32例,有效3例,无效2例,死亡5例,总有效率83.3％;对照组显效19例,有效4例,无效6例,死亡9例,总有效率60.5％。2组总有效率比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后意识状态及运动功能评分均显著提高(P<0.001)。结论:通腑泄热豁痰方药对急性脑出血效果显著优于常规西药治疗。