Daily coping moderates the relations between stress and actigraphic sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study with ecological momentary assessments

BackgroundTheoretical models argue that coping reduces stress responses, yet no studies have tested whether coping moderates the prospective stress effects on sleep in daily life.PurposeThis study tested if coping moderates the stress-sleep association using a daily, intensive longitudinal design across 7–12 days.Methods326 young adults (M_age = 23.24 ± 5.46) reported perceived stress and coping (problem-focused, emotional-approach, and avoidance) every evening between 20:00–02:00, providing over 2400 nights of sleep data and 3000 stress surveys from all participants. Actigraphy and sleep diaries measured total-sleep-time and sleep efficiency. Multilevel models tested the interaction effects of within- and between-person stress and coping on sleep.ResultsWithin-person problem-focused and emotional-approach coping moderated the within-person stress effects on actigraphic total-sleep-time (both p = 0.02); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time only during high use of problem-focused or emotional-approach coping (both p = 0.01). Between-person avoidance moderated the between-person stress effect on actigraphic total-sleep-time (p = 0.04); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time for high avoidance coping (p = 0.02). Within-person emotional-approach coping buffered the between-person stress effect on actigraphic sleep efficiency (p = 0.02); higher stress predicted higher sleep efficiency for high emotional-approach coping (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.     

儿童退缩和同伴关系的相关

目的：用元分析方法对近20年关于儿童退缩和同伴关系相关的研究结果进行总结。方法：用多水平分析技术对儿童退缩和同伴接受的相关、退缩和同伴拒绝相关的研究结果进行总结分析。结果：儿童退缩和同伴接受之间有显著的负相关关系，退缩和同伴拒绝之间有低度的非负相关关系，各研究结果之间的变异显著。结论：退缩导致儿童不良的同伴关系。     

Small area influences on the individual unhealthy lifestyle behaviors: A multilevel analysis of discriminatory accuracy

We estimated the discriminatory power of area of residence (census tract) on the prevalence of main risk factors for chronic diseases. Results, based on a sample of 21,007 participants from the 2011–2012 National Health Survey of Spain, show a differential influence of the geosocial environment on the four health risk factors. Accounting for census tracts substantially increases the discriminatory power regarding at-risk alcohol consumption, unbalanced diet, and leisure-time sedentarism but not tobacco consumption. However, the socioeconomic characteristics of the tracts played a minor role. Further research on the specific geosocial contextual variables explaining variability in these risk factors is necessary.     

多发颈椎不连综合征的影像学特点与外科诊疗策略

【摘要】 目的：分析多发颈椎不连综合征（multilevel cervical disconnection syndrome,MCDS）的影像学特点及外科诊疗策略。方法：2004年3月~2021年6月,我院收治MCDS患者共7例,男性3例,女性4例;年龄5~46岁（中位年龄12岁）。7例MCDS患者中,平均椎体发育不良节段数3.6±1.3个节段,平均椎弓不连节段数5.7±1.5个节段,局部后凸角平均-92.2°±20.2°,C2-7 Cobb角平均-68.6°±31.0°,T1倾斜角（T1 slope,T1S）平均-12.5°±12.5°,后凸顶点位于C4节段1例,C5节段5例,T1节段1例;术前改良日本骨科学会评分（mJOA评分）8.5~14分（平均12.6±2.1分）,其中1例患者伴有吞咽困难。记录患者预矫形方式及手术方式,入院时、预矫形后、术后及末次随访影像学参数,神经功能及并发症。结果：1例术前接受颅骨牵引,3例接受平衡悬吊牵引,3例接受联合牵引,经术前牵引预矫形后,局部后凸角矫正率为60.8%。1例接受手术松解、Halo-vest外固定治疗,1例接受前路矫形内固定手术,1例接受后路矫形固定融合术,4例接受前-后联合手术治疗,手术固定6.0±2.1个节段,2例患者出现术后神经系统并发症,接受翻修手术。术后随访时间6~84个月（41.2±32.0个月）,末次随访局部后凸角平均-27.9°±11.6°,矫正率69.7%,C2-7 Cobb角平均-13.3°±28.4°,T1S平均4.9°±17.9°;术后mJOA评分10.5~17分（15.7±2.3分）,改善率78.3%。对比手术前后临床及影像学指标,mJOA评分、C2-7后凸角、局部后凸角及T1S有统计学差异。结论：MCDS影像学上主要表现为前方椎体发育不良伴多节段椎弓不连,继发严重后凸畸形。治疗策略可采取术前牵引预矫形并前路多节段椎体切除重建、后路长节段固定融合。     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.     

Immigrant health,place effect and regional disparities in Canada

The paper addresses a critically important area in Canadian immigration and health from both a social and a spatial perspective. It employs multilevel and contextual approaches to examine the social determinants of immigrant health as well as the place effects on self-reported health at a regional and neighborhood scale. The data come from the raw microdata file of the 2005-10 Canadian Community Health Survey (a random national health survey) and the publicly available Canadian Marginalization index based on the 2006 Census. Three populations are compared: Canadian-born, overall foreign-born, and Chinese immigrants. The results suggest various degrees of association between self-reported health, individual and lifestyle behavioral characteristics, and neighborhood material deprivation and ethnic concentration in census tracts. These factors contribute differently to the reported health of Chinese immigrants, Canada's largest recent immigrant group. A healthy immigrant effect is partially evident in the overall foreign-born population, but appears to be relatively weak in Chinese immigrants. For all groups, neighborhood deprivation moderately increases the likelihood of reporting poor health. Ethnic concentration negatively affects self-rated health, with the exception of the slight protective effect of Chinese-specific ethnic density in census tracts. The multilevel models reveal significant area inequalities across Census Metropolitan Areas/Census Agglomerations in risk of reporting unhealthy status, with greater magnitude in the foreign-born population. The vast regional variations in health among Chinese immigrants should be interpreted carefully due to the group's heavy concentration in large cities. The study contributes to the literature on ethnicity and health by systematically incorporating neighborhood contextual effects in modeling the social determinants of immigrant health status. It fills a gap in the literature on neighborhoods and health by focusing on ethnically disparate groups rather than on the general population. By revealing regional disparities in health, the paper adds a spatial perspective to the work on immigrant health.     

成对数据的主客体互依调节模型在公共卫生领域的应用与SPSS软件实现

目的 介绍主客体互依调节效应模型（Actor–Partner Interdependence Moderation Model，APIMoM）的基本理论，基于多层次模型实现，为APIMoM的实际应用提供方法学参考。方法 介绍APIMoM在不同类型的成对数据以及调节变量中的构建方法，并结合实例提供在SPSS中实现的语句。结果 本文介绍了5种不同类型的成对数据和调节变量组合的APIMoM构建方法，对于可区分的成对数据，可进一步使用二截距模型分别估计对子内两个成员的效应。结论 APIMoM多应用于心理和行为等方面，使用该模型前要考虑清楚变量间的因果关系和调节变量的选择，才能有效地将APIMoM应用于公共卫生领域成对数据的研究。     

Ethnic inequalities in psychological distress among urban residents in the Netherlands: A moderating role of neighborhood ethnic diversity?

The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether neighborhood ethnic diversity moderated the association between ethnicity and psychological distress in the four largest cities of Netherlands. Multilevel linear regression analysis was used to assess whether the association between ethnicity and psychological distress differed by levels of neighborhood ethnic diversity. Results showed that the Turkish and Moroccan residents reported significantly higher psychological distress than native Dutch and Surinamese residents. In high ethnic diverse neighborhoods Turkish residents reported significantly less psychological distress than in low ethnic diverse neighborhoods. Ethnic diversity amplifies the risk of depression for some but not all ethnic minorities.     

Complications and operative spine fusion construct length in Parkinson’s disease: A nationwide population-based analysis

There remains a dearth of information regarding the surgical complications following multilevel spine surgery in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. This retrospective cohort study was performed to address this issue on a nationwide level using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2001 to 2012. More than 25 postoperative variables were analyzed to assess the impact of fusion construct length on each variable. Subsequently, the same analysis was performed on admissions without PD. 4301 PD patients with spine fusion were identified, of whom 934 (21.7%) underwent fusion of at least three levels; the remaining 3367 underwent fusion of 1–2 levels. Patients with 3+ level fusions were more likely to suffer paraplegia (P = .001; OR = 3.0; 95%CI = 1.5–6.1), hematoma/seroma (P = .009; OR = 1.9; 95%CI = 1.2–3.2), IVC filter placement (P = .018; OR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.1–3.9), RBC transfusion (P < .001; OR = 3.2; 95%CI = 2.7–3.8), PE (P = .027; OR = 4.5; 95%CI = 1.2–16.9), postoperative shock (P = .023; OR = 7.3; 95%CI = 1.3–39.6), ARDS (P < .001; OR = 4.1; 95%CI = 2.7–6.3), VTE (P = .006; OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.3–5.4), acute posthemorrhagic anemia (P < .001; OR = 2.0; 95%CI = 1.7–2.4), device-related complications (P < .001; OR = 3.1; 95%CI = 2.3–4.2), and in-hospital mortality (P = .005; OR = 3.4; 95%CI = 1.5–7.4). 3+ level fusions were also more likely to have LOS > 1 week (P < .001; OR = 2.1; 95%CI = 1.8–2.5), and a nonroutine discharge (P = .005; OR = 1.9; 95%CI = 1.4–2.4). 692,173 non-PD patients with spine fusion were identified; 123,964 (17.9%) underwent 3+ level fusion. Differences between 3+ versus 1–2 level fusions were similar to those in PD patient, but unlike PD patients, postoperative infection was significant while in-hospital mortality, PE and VTE were not. Fusion of at least three levels increased morbidity, mortality, and adverse discharge disposition compared with 1–2 level fusions. Nearly 80% of all spine fusions performed in the United States are fewer than three levels. These findings are worth considering during operative decision-making in both PD and non-PD patients.     

Nurses’ practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility is related to intention to leave due to dissatisfaction: A multi-country,multilevel study

BackgroundNursing turnover is a major issue for health care managers, notably during the global nursing workforce shortage. Despite the often hierarchical structure of the data used in nursing studies, few studies have investigated the impact of the work environment on intention to leave using multilevel techniques. Also, differences between intentions to leave the current workplace or to leave the profession entirely have rarely been studied.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to investigate how aspects of the nurse practice environment and satisfaction with work schedule flexibility measured at different organisational levels influenced the intention to leave the profession or the workplace due to dissatisfaction.DesignMultilevel models were fitted using survey data from the RN4CAST project, which has a multi-country, multilevel, cross-sectional design. The data analysed here are based on a sample of 23,076 registered nurses from 2020 units in 384 hospitals in 10 European countries (overall response rate: 59.4%). Four levels were available for analyses: country, hospital, unit, and individual registered nurse. Practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility were aggregated and studied at the unit level. Gender, experience as registered nurse, full vs. part-time work, as well as individual deviance from unit mean in practice environment and satisfaction with work schedule flexibility, were included at the individual level. Both intention to leave the profession and the hospital due to dissatisfaction were studied.ResultsRegarding intention to leave current workplace, there is variability at both country (6.9%) and unit (6.9%) level. However, for intention to leave the profession we found less variability at the country (4.6%) and unit level (3.9%). Intention to leave the workplace was strongly related to unit level variables. Additionally, individual characteristics and deviance from unit mean regarding practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility were related to both outcomes. Major limitations of the study are its cross-sectional design and the fact that only turnover intention due to dissatisfaction was studied.ConclusionsWe conclude that measures aiming to improve the practice environment and schedule flexibility would be a promising approach towards increased retention of registered nurses in both their current workplaces and the nursing profession as a whole and thus a way to counteract the nursing shortage across European countries.