Central illustration: cumulative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) thrombosis rates after 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years.相似文献
We describe the preclinical development of a dengue virus vaccine targeting the dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) envelope domain III (EDIII). This study provides proof-of-principle that a dengue EDIII protein scaffold/DNA vaccine can protect against dengue challenge. The dengue vaccine (EDIII-E2) is composed of both a protein particle and a DNA expression plasmid delivered simultaneously via intramuscular injection (protein) and gene gun (DNA) into rhesus macaques. The protein component can contain a maximum of 60 copies of EDIII presented on a multimeric scaffold of Geobacillus stearothermophilus E2 proteins. The DNA component is composed of the EDIII portion of the envelope gene cloned into an expression plasmid. The EDIII-E2 vaccine elicited robust antibody responses to DENV2, with neutralizing antibody responses detectable following the first boost and reaching titers of greater than 1:100,000 following the second and final boost. Vaccinated and naïve groups of macaques were challenged with DENV2. All vaccinated macaques were protected from detectable viremia by infectious assay, while naïve animals had detectable viremia for 2–7 days post-challenge. All naïve macaques had detectable viral RNA from day 2–10 post-challenge. In the EDIII-E2 group, three macaques were negative for viral RNA and three were found to have detectable viral RNA post challenge. Viremia onset was delayed and the duration was shortened relative to naïve controls. The presence of viral RNA post-challenge corresponded to a 10–30-fold boost in neutralization titers 28 days post challenge, whereas no boost was observed in the fully protected animals. Based on these results, we determine that pre-challenge 50% neutralization titers of >1:6000 correlated with sterilizing protection against DENV2 challenge in EDIII-E2 vaccinated macaques. Identification of the critical correlate of protection for the EDIII-E2 platform in the robust non-human primate model lays the groundwork for further development of a tetravalent EDIII-E2 dengue vaccine. 相似文献
Recent advances in the field of biomatrix porous implant technology has stirred the interest of the oral and maxillofacial surgical community. One such material (Medpor), is a biocompatible, large-pore, high-density polyethylene implant which has proven both experimentally and clinically to fulfil the criterion for maxillofacial reconstructive and aesthetic surgical grafting. 相似文献
Summary
High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) provides excellent contrast between osseous structures, air and soft tissue in
conjunction with high spatial resolution. Therefore, thin-section HRCT with bone window setting is the method of choice for
the examination of the middle ear structures. The indications are acute and chronic inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma and
tumor, the “postoperative middle ear”, and malformations. In most cases, HRCT enables differentiation between inflammatory
changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor. The excellent depiction of subtle osseous details enables the identification of erosions
of the ossicles or of the bony walls of the mastoid cells, of osseous defects of the tegmen, of the bony labyrinth, and of
the tympanic course of the facial canal. In addition, HRCT enables excellent depiction of reconstructions of the ossicles
or prosthesis of the ossicles. Although HRCT is the first method of choice, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide additional
information and lead to a more accurate diagnosis in some cases. This is explained by the excellent soft tissue contrast provided
by MRI. In addition, MRI offers the possibility of using various pulse sequences and the administration of IV contrast material.
Therefore, MRI may allow the differentiation between inflammatory changes, cholesteatoma, and tumor in those cases in which
accurate diagnosis cannot be made by HRCT. The differentiation between a meningocele or meningoencephalocele and other entities
such as tumors or cholesteatoma can be established by MRI. Furthermore, MRI can accurately depict cases of labyrinthitis or
of neuritis of the facial nerve or of intracranial disease caused by middle ear processes, while this is not always possible
by HRCT.
In summary, HRCT of the middle ear is the method of choice, but MRI may provide supplementary information in those cases in
which accurate diagnosis cannot be established by HRCT.
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