益气开秘方联合西药治疗便秘疗效及对患者血清5-HT、胃动素、血管活性肠肽水平的影响

目的:研究益气开秘方联合伊托必利及乳果糖对气阴两虚型便秘患者疗效及血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、胃动素(MOT)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平的影响。方法:选择气阴两虚型便秘患者168例。依据随机数字表法将其分成观察组和对照组各84例,对照组应用伊托必利和乳果糖。观察组加用益气开秘方。两组均治疗4周,对比两组疗效,临床症状评分,血清5-HT、MOT及VIP水平及并发症。结果:观察组总有效率97.62%,较对照组89.29%明显更高(P<0.05)。治疗后两组临床症状评分均明显低于治疗前,且观察组较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。治疗后两组血清5-HT及VIP水平均明显低于治疗前,且观察组较对照组明显降低(P<0.05); 治疗后两组血清MOT水平明显高于治疗前,且观察组较对照组明显升高(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率3.57%较对照组11.90%明显更低(P<0.05)。结论:应用益气开秘方联合伊托必利及乳果糖对气阴两虚型便秘患者的疗效较好,安全性较高,并可改善患者的血清5-HT、MOT及VIP水平。     

凉润通络方对糖尿病大鼠胃肠功能障碍干预作用的实验研究

目的采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)注射制作糖尿病大鼠模型,探讨凉润通络方药对糖尿病大鼠胃肠运动功能改善的机制。方法60只清洁级Wistar雄性大鼠,体重180~220 g,随机分为:模型组、凉润通络组、西沙必利组、正常对照组,每组各15只。糖尿病造模成功后,不予降糖药控制血糖,饲养6周后,给予药物灌胃6周,12周时检测血与组织的胃动素(MOT)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)、生长抑素(SS)。结果12周时糖尿病大鼠存在胃肠激素的紊乱,凉润通络方同步影响血液、组织中胃肠激素的分泌和释放,作用靶点较宽,优于西沙必利。结论凉润通络方在改善糖尿病胃肠功能障碍方面具有优势。     

Attentional capture in multiple object tracking

Attentional processes are generally assumed to be involved in multiple object tracking (MOT). The attentional capture paradigm is regularly used to study conditions of attentional control. It has up to now not been used to assess influences of sudden onset distractor stimuli in MOT. We investigated whether attentional capture does occur in MOT: Are onset distractors processed at all in dynamic attentional tasks? We found that sudden onset distractors were effective in lowering probe detection, thus demonstrating attentional capture. Tracking performance as dependent measure was not affected. The attentional capture effect persisted in conditions of higher tracking load (Experiment 2) and was dramatically increased in lower presentation frequency of the onset distractor (Experiment 3). Tracking performance was shown to suffer only when onset distractors were presented serially with very short time gaps in between, thus effectively disturbing re-engaging attention on the tracking set (Experiment 4). We discuss that rapid dis- and re-engagement of the attention process on target objects and an additional more basic process that continuously provides location information allow managing strong disruptions of attention during tracking.     

痞满虚实证候与胃电图及胃肠激素的相关性研究

目的:探讨痞满虚实证候与胃电图及胃肠激素的相关性.方法:对24例痞满患者采用瑞典产PC Polygraf HR高分辨多通道胃肠功能测定仪检测胃电图,放射免疫法测定胃动素和生长抑素.结果:11例肝胃不和型以胃电节律过快占优势,13例脾胃虚弱组则以胃电节律过缓为主,且前者FDP明显高于后者;肝胃不和型胃动素水平明显高于脾胃虚弱组,生长抑素水平则明显低于脾胃虚弱组.结论:提示痞满虚实证候可能存在不同的胃动力障碍情况,实证以胃动力过高为主,虚证则以胃动力低下为主.     

药学从业人员“订单式”人才培养长效机制的探索

目的:探讨药学从业人员"订单式"人才培养的长效机制,为药学专科教育发展提供参考。方法:研究"订单式"人才培养的特点,分析实施该培养模式所面临的困难和问题,提出解决办法。结果:"订单式"人才培养模式中的学校与用人单位合作基础受到社会大环境的影响,且受到用人单位经营风险和学生就业双向选择的约束。结论:"订单式"培养是建立在学校、学生和用人单位基础上的新型人才培养模式,该模式充分发挥学校和用人单位双方教育资源在人才培养中的作用,有利于提升学生综合素质,能有效解决学校教育与用人单位需求脱节的问题。     

抑郁症患者血浆胃肠激素变化及临床意义

目的 观察抑郁症患者血浆胃肠激素含量的变化及其临床价值.方法 采用放射免疫法分别于治疗前、治疗4周末、治疗8周末对30例住院抑郁症患者（抑郁症组）血浆胃泌素（GAS）、胃动素（MOT）、胆囊收缩素（CCK）含量进行检测,并与30例年龄、性别相匹配的健康者（对照组）相比较.所有抑郁症患者均给予文拉法辛缓释胶囊抗抑郁治疗.结果 抑郁症组治疗前GAS、MOT含量显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,CCK显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗4周末、8周末GAS、MOT含量显著高于治疗前水平（P＜0.05）,治疗8周末CCK含量明显低于治疗前水平（P＜0.05）.结论 抑郁症患者存在部分血浆胃肠激素平衡失调,有效的抗抑郁治疗可改善这种失调状态;检测血浆胃肠激素水平可能有助于病情和疗效的判断.     

枳术宽中胶囊联合莫沙必利治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的疗效及其对胃肠激素的影响

目的探讨枳术宽中胶囊联合莫沙必利对2型糖尿病胃轻瘫患者的疗效及其对胃肠激素水平的影响。方法选取三亚市人民医院2019年4月-2020年5月收治的128例2型糖尿病胃轻瘫患者,按照治疗方法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组64例。对照组患者餐前口服枸橼酸莫沙必利片,5 mg/次,3次/d。观察组在对照组基础上加用枳术宽中胶囊,3粒/次,3次/d。两组疗程均为4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的胃轻瘫症状指数（GCSI）、半胃排空时间,以及胃泌素（GAS）和胃动素（MOT）的水平变化。结果治疗后,观察组总有效率为90.6%,显著高于对照组的76.6%（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组GCSI评分和半胃排空时间均显著减低（P<0.05）,且观察组GCSI评分和半胃排空时间显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组GAS和MOT水平均显著减低（P<0.05）;观察组GAS和MOT显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论枳术宽中胶囊联合莫沙必利可以显著抑制糖尿病胃轻瘫患者GAS和MOT水平,增强胃动力,临床疗效显著,使用安全。     

Use of a self-generating percoll gradient and single cell cytotoxicity assay to identify tumor-lytic properties of inflammatory neutrophils

Within a murine model of regional immunotherapy, the cytolytic potential of peritoneal neutrophils could not be confirmed or quantified using routine techniques of cell separation and chromium release assays. We, therefore, developed procedures for the enrichment of neutrophils and estimation of the frequency of killer cells. Peritoneal exudate cells from mice injected with Corynebacterium parvum were fractionated on a self-generating Percoll gradient to enrich for neutrophils and deplete macrophages. A significant enrichment of neutrophils (greater than 90%) was obtained in a band corresponding to a density of 1.088 with a recovery of 35-50% of input. Neutrophil-enriched cell populations were then mixed with tumor cells to examine neutrophil-target interactions at the single cell level. Conjugates of neutrophils and tumor targets were obtained and the majority were lytic. With the aid of trypan blue staining and safranin counterstaining, it was possible to distinguish effector cells from targets and neutrophils from other host cells. The frequency of conjugates was dependent upon the effector to target cell ratio and was not affected by changes in temperature (range 4-30 degrees C). The post-binding lytic events were initiated rapidly after conjugation and tumor lysis was completed within 30 min. The lytic events occurred optimally between 25 degrees and 37 degrees C. The present studies support the role of neutrophils in tumor lysis following administration of an immunoadjuvant. The techniques described are important to further study the role of neutrophils in disease states as well as the underlying mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated tumor cytotoxicity.     

Adult autopsy case with marked myositis ossificans: association with repetitive physical assault and battery

A man in his thirties was found dead in his room. The autopsy findings were as follows: multiple bruises and subdermal edema, small sized stab wounds, a number of skin scars, new and old rib fractures, mild liver contusion, and marked myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT) at both thighs. In particular, the MOT was closely associated with repetitive physical assault and battery. The deceased did not have any lethal injuries of internal organs or great vessels, and the cause of death was diagnosed as traumatic hypovolemic shock. The deceased seemed to have accepted as fate his "specific situation" in which he would be subjected to continued physical violence from his cohabiter, a woman in her thirties.     

Many roads lead to primary autosomal recessive microcephaly

Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH), historically referred to as Microcephalia vera, is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Patients with MCPH typically exhibit congenital microcephaly as well as mental retardation, but usually no further neurological findings or malformations. Their microcephaly with grossly preserved macroscopic organization of the brain is a consequence of a reduced brain volume, which is evident particularly within the cerebral cortex and thus results to a large part from a reduction of grey matter. Some patients with MCPH further provide evidence of neuronal heterotopias, polymicrogyria or cortical dysplasia suggesting an associated neuronal migration defect. Genetic causes of MCPH subtypes 1–7 include mutations in genes encoding microcephalin, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2), abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated protein (ASPM), centromeric protein J (CENPJ), and SCL/TAL1-interrupting locus (STIL) as well as linkage to the two loci 19q13.1–13.2 and 15q15–q21. Here, we provide a timely overview of current knowledge on mechanisms leading to microcephaly in humans with MCPH and abnormalities in cell division/cell survival in corresponding animal models. Understanding the pathomechanisms leading to MCPH is of high importance not only for our understanding of physiologic brain development (particularly of cortex formation), but also for that of trends in mammalian evolution with a massive increase in size of the cerebral cortex in primates, of microcephalies of other etiologies including environmentally induced microcephalies, and of cancer formation.