Clinical sequelae after rhBMP-2 use in a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

Background contextRecent reports of postoperative radiculitis, bone osteolysis, and symptomatic ectopic bone formation after recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) use in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIFs) are a cause for concern.PurposeTo determine the clinical and radiographic complications associated with BMP utilization in a minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) environment.Study design/settingRetrospective clinical case series at a single institution.Patient sampleFive hundred seventy-three consecutive patients undergoing an MIS-TLIF.Outcome measuresReoperation rates and total costs associated with complications of rhBMP-2 use and pseudarthrosis.MethodsA retrospective review of 610 consecutive patients undergoing an MIS-TLIF (2007–2010) by a single surgeon at our institution was performed (mean age 48.7 years, range 26–82 years). All patients underwent an MIS laminectomy with bilateral facetectomy, single TLIF cage, unilateral pedicle screw fixation, and 12 mg (large kit) or 4.2 mg (small kit) of rhBMP-2. The BMP-2 collagen-soaked sponge was placed anteriorly in the disc space, followed by local bone graft, and then the cage was filled only with local bone and no BMP-2. Patients were evaluated at 6 months and 1 year with computed tomography (CT) scan. Those demonstrating neuroforaminal bone growth, osteolysis/cage migration, or pseudarthrosis were reviewed, and cost data including direct cost/procedure for both index and revision surgeries were collected.ResultsOf the 573 patients, 10 (1.7%) underwent 15 additional procedures based on recalcitrant radiculopathy and CT evidence of neuroforaminal bone growth, vertebral body osteolysis, and/or cage migration. Thirty-nine patients (6.8%) underwent reoperation for clinically symptomatic pseudarthrosis. Bone overgrowth was associated with nerve impingement and radiculopathy in all 10 patients (small kit, n=9; large kit, n=1). Osteolysis and cage migration occurred in 2 (20%) of these same 10 patients. Average total costs were calculated per procedure ($19,224), and the costs for reoperation equaled $14,785 per encounter for neuroforaminal bone growth and $20,267 for pseudarthrosis.ConclusionsSymptomatic ectopic bone formation, vertebral osteolysis, and pseudarthrosis are recognized complications with the use of rhBMP-2 in MIS-TLIFs. Potential causes include improper dosage and a closed space that prevents the egress of the postoperative BMP-2 fluid collection. Management of these complications has a substantial cost for the patient and the surgeon and needs to be considered with the off-label use of rhBMP-2.     

后路经腰椎体间融合术的微创技术改良

目的:探讨采用一个切口单侧减压加对侧肌间隙入路的微创经椎间孔椎体间融合术(minimal invasive transforaminal lumbarinter bodyfusion,MIS-TLIF)治疗下腰椎疾患的临床疗效。方法:收集本院84例下腰椎退变疾病患者资料,其中53例采用MIS-TILF,31例采用传统后路经腰椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)。分析比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症、术前和术后1 d肌酸激酶值、术前和末次随访时VAS评分及ODI评分。结果:MIS-TLIF组平均手术时间和术中出血量分别为(131.5±21.0)min、(330.6±57.6)m L;PLIF组为(148.3±27.3)min、(460.1±96.4)m L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MIS-TLIF组并发症发生率及感染率显著低于PLIF组(P<0.05)。两组在术前和术后1 d CPK值、术前VAS、ODI评分及末次随访ODI评分方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但末次随访VAS评分MisTLIF组显著优于PLIF组(P<0.05)。结论:应用单侧减压加对侧肌间隙入路的改良TLIF手术治疗腰椎退变性疾病具有微创、出血少、手术时间短、并发症低、医患辐射少、无需特殊器械等优点,是一种安全有效的微创术式。     

交叉MIS-TLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗双节段腰椎管狭窄伴节段失稳症

目的探讨交叉MIS-TLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗邻近双节段腰椎管狭窄伴节段失稳症患者的临床疗效。 方法选择腰椎管狭窄伴节段失稳症的患者79例，按入院先后顺序编号，按随机数分配表分为交叉MIS-TLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗组（交叉组）48例、双侧传统MIS-TLIF治疗组（双侧组）31例，比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间。通过比较两组术前及术后3 d、7 d、3个月及末次随访时的腰痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分、术后1、3、6个月及末次随访时ODI指数、椎间融合率、临近节段退变率，来评估临床疗效。 结果交叉组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量明显少于双侧组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；两组术后住院时间相当，差异无统计学意义。两组术前及术后3 d、7 d、3个月及末次随访时的腰痛VAS评分显著优于术前（P<0.01），术后3 d、7 d交叉组明显优于双侧组（P<0.05），术后3个月及末次随访时差异无统计学意义。两组术前及术后1、3、6个月及末次随访时ODI指数均明显优于术前（P<0.01），两组间比较差异无统计学意义，末次随访时椎间融合率、临近节段退变率，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论交叉MIS-TLIF联合经皮椎弓根螺钉治疗邻近双节段腰椎管狭窄伴节段失稳症患者，对腰椎后方复合体等解剖结构破坏少，术中及术后出血相对较少，两组间椎间融合率、临近节段退变率相当，同时避免了传统双侧MIS-TLIF置钉及安装纵棒的困难，简化手术操作，术后恢复快，手术效果显著。     

单侧与双侧MIS-TLIF治疗中青年单节段腰椎间盘突出

目的比较微创经椎间孔椎间融合术(MIS-TLIF)单侧和双侧椎弓根螺钉固定治疗中青年单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床疗效。方法对28例保守治疗无缓解的中青年单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者分别采用单侧或双侧MIS-TLIF治疗。对比两组手术时间、透视次数、术中出血量、术后引流量等指标,采用VAS评分、ODI、JOA评分改善率以及融合率评价手术效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间15~27个月。手术时间、透视次数、术中出血及术后引流量单侧固定均少于双侧固定,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后卧床时间和住院时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后2周、3个月、末次随访时VAS评分、ODI两组均较术前明显改善(P0.05),VAS评分、ODI、JOA评分改善率两组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3个月及末次随访时两组的融合率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MIS-TLIF单侧椎弓根钉内固定联合椎间融合术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症安全有效,相比于双侧固定具有一定的优势。