Máscara laríngea I-Gel® versus bolsa-válvula-mascarilla en la reanimación cardiopulmonar instrumental bajo monitorización capnográfica: ensayo clínico piloto aleatorizado por grupos

ObjectiveTo compare the basic airway and the advanced airway with the supraglottic device I-Gel®, by means of capnography during intermediate CPR.DesignRandomized experimental pilot study by groups.SettingOut-hospital care basic life support units on the Island of Mallorca.ParticipantsAdults attended after cardiorespiratory arrest of non-traumatic origin.InterventionsAdvanced airway management during instrumental CPR with I-Gel® or basic CPR with bag-valve-mask, under capnographic monitoring.Main measurementsCapnometric levels obtained according to the device used, number of insertions of the I-Gel®, cases without achieving correct insertion/ventilation by branches, achievement of ROSC in CPR and number of hospital live admissions.ResultsTwenty-three cases were recruited for analysis. The insertion success rate of the I-Gel® was 92.9% at the first attempt, the mean capnometric values were 16.3 mmHg in the control group and 27.4% in the intervention group. 34.8% (n = 8) of the patients achieved spontaneous circulation recovery at some point and 26.1% (n = 6) were admitted to hospital alive. The survival analysis, taking into account the arrival of the unit and the first minute of ventilations recorded together with the variable hospital admission, suggests a certain trend of greater survival in the intervention branch (P = .066).ConclusionsThe use of I-Gel® raises an improvement in the ventilation of the patients in PCR, evidenced by the mean capnometric values in the intervention group, finding no correlation with CPR outcome variables.     

Role of respirators in controlling the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) amongst dental healthcare providers: a review

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are at the forefront of managing the highly infectious coronavirus. As the most common route of transmission is via aerosols and droplet inhalation, it is critical for healthcare workers to have the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) including gowns, masks and goggles. Surgical masks are not effective in preventing the influenza and SARS, so they are unlikely to be able to resist contaminated aerosols from entering the respiratory system. Therefore, it is vital to use respirators which have been proven to offer better protection against droplets, aerosols and fluid penetration and which form a tight seal around the mouth and nose. Various types of respirators are used in healthcare settings, such as half-mask filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator, which is tight fitting and has a 95% or above particle filtering efficiency for a median particle size of 0.3 µm. This review discusses respirators, their purpose, types, clinical efficiency and proper donning and doffing techniques.     

鼻咽通气道-面罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术的效果:与喉罩自主呼吸的比较

目的 比较鼻咽通气道-面罩和喉罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术的效果.方法 择期腹股沟斜疝高位结扎术患儿72例,采用随机数字表法,将患儿分为2组(n=36):鼻咽通气道-面罩组(M组)和喉罩组(L组).静脉注射丙泊酚1.0 mg/kg和芬太尼2.0μg/kg,保留自主呼吸,意识消失后扣上面罩,吸入2 L/min氧气和3％七氟醚,BIS值50 ～ 60时,L组置入2号喉罩,M组经左鼻腔置入鼻咽通气道并扣紧面罩,连接麻醉机行紧闭循环自主呼吸,切皮前5 min静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg,术中吸入七氟醚,维持BIS值40 ～ 60.于麻醉诱导前、麻醉诱导后3min、成功置入喉罩或鼻咽通气道即刻、切皮即刻、切皮后3 min、拔出喉罩或鼻咽通气道即刻测定MAP、HR、PETCO2和SpO2,记录置入喉罩或鼻咽通气道的时间和成功情况、苏醒时间、离开手术室时间及不良反应发生情况.结果 与L组比较,插管、拔管时M组MAP、HR降低,置入鼻咽通道时间较短且一次性置入成功率(100％)明显升高,患儿躁动评分及拔管后上呼吸道梗阻发生率明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 鼻咽通气道-面罩自主呼吸下丙泊酚-芬太尼-七氟醚静吸复合全麻用于小儿短小手术,易于建立人工通气道并可维持自主呼吸,对循环功能影响轻微,还可明显减少麻醉恢复期并发症的发生,其效果优于喉罩自主呼吸方式.     

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Surgical Masks Infused with Quaternary Ammonium Salts

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need for protective and effective personal protective equipment (PPE). Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can survive on personal protective equipment, such as commonly used surgical masks. Methods are needed to inactivate virus on contaminated material. We show here that embedding viral-disinfecting compounds during the manufacturing of surgical masks inactivates a high dose (up to 1 × 10⁵ pfu) of live, authentic SARS-CoV-2 within minutes.     

Bioactive Bacterial Nanocellulose Membranes Enriched with Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Leaves Aqueous Extract for Anti-Aging Skin Care Applications

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes, with remarkable physical and mechanical properties, emerged as a versatile biopolymeric carrier of bioactive compounds for skin care applications. In this study, BNC membranes were loaded with glycerol (as plasticizer and humectant agent) and different doses (1–3 μg cm⁻²) of an aqueous extract obtained from the hydro-distillation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. leaves (HDE), for application as sheet facial masks. All membranes are resistant and highly malleable at dry and wet states, with similar or even better mechanical properties than those of a commercial BNC mask. Moreover, the HDE was found to confer a dose-dependent antioxidant activity to pure BNC. Additionally, upon 3 months of storage at 22–25 °C and 52% relative humidity (RH) or at 40 °C and 75% RH, it was confirmed that the antioxidant activity and the macroscopic aspect of the membrane with 2 μg cm⁻² of HDE were maintained. Membranes were also shown to be non-cytotoxic towards HaCaT and NIH/3T3 cells, and the membrane with 2 μg cm⁻² of HDE caused a significant reduction in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in NIH/3T3 cells. These findings suggest the suitability and potential of the obtained membranes as bioactive facial masks for anti-aging applications.     

Recycling of Waste Facial Masks as a Construction Material,a Step towards Sustainability

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a sudden surge in the production and utilization of disposable, single-use facial masks has been observed. Delinquency in proper disposal of used facial masks endangers the environment with a new form of non-biodegradable plastic waste that will take hundreds of years to break down. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the resourceful recycling of such waste in an environmentally friendly way. This study presents an efficient solution by using waste masks in fibered or crushed form to produce environmentally friendly and affordable green concrete. This investigation assessed the mechanical and durability properties of waste masks-incorporated concrete. A total of six mixes were prepared for standardized tests to determine compressive strength, split cylinder tensile strength and rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), and freeze-thaw resistance. The percentage of mask fibers used were 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of concrete by volume, while crushed masks were used at 0.5% only. The mask waste in both forms was found suitable to be used in concrete. One percent of waste mask fibers was found as an optimum value to increase compressive and tensile strength, reduce chloride permeability, and increase freeze-thaw resistance. Besides this, 0.5% crushed mask fiber also performed well, especially for producing less permeable and highly durable concrete. It is thus corroborated that waste masks that increase pollution worldwide can be utilized sustainably to help build green buildings. By reutilizing waste masks to produce improved concrete with better strengths and higher durability, circular economy and sustainability are achieved, along with efficient waste management.     

Collateral damage: Corneal injury due to mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic - A case series

Though masks are the best shield against COVID-19, they can be a source of discomfort and ocular side effects. We discuss three cases of corneal injury due to mask use. Three patients, who were healthcare workers, presented with discomfort, photophobia, and pain in the eyes. While adjusting the mask, they had an ocular injury. There were multiple superficial linear abrasions in the eyes. They recovered with treatment. Though masks are imperative during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to be aware of a possible mask injury.     

医用防护口罩密合性设计的影响因素研究

针对国内医用防护口罩密合性指标不合格率偏高的现状,通过技术攻关研究,分析探讨影响口罩密合性的关键因素,对医用防护口罩的设计改进提出建议,为医护人员在呼吸道疾病大流行时正确选用和佩戴医用防护口罩提供帮助.     

The Effect of Mask Style and Fabric Selection on the Comfort Properties of Fabric Masks

The purpose of fabric masks in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 often requires that the masks be worn for extended periods without removal. The management of the conditions in the micro-climate inside the masks is important to keep the wearer comfortable and enhance user compliance. In this study, the effect of mask design and fabric type on the micro-climate was investigated using thermocron iButtons to record the temperature and humidity inside the masks. It was found that the mask style, and its effect on the amount of air incorporated in the micro-climate, had a significant influence on the factors that determine the temperature and humidity levels. In the shaped masks, the impact of the mask design on the results was stronger than the effect of fabric type. In the folded masks that fit snugly around the face, the effect of fabric type was significant, and both fibre composition and fabric structure contributed to the differences in the performance of the three fabrics tested. In the case of the masks with an inserted filter, a significant amount of trapped still air in the fabric layers and the increased mask stiffness had the strongest effect on the temperature and humidity inside the masks. Significant differences were also found in the temperatures recorded in the different time segments, highlighting the importance of conducting comfort evaluations over a long enough time to prevent false interpretations. The results of this study emphasize the importance of considering all the components of mask design, namely style, fibre type, and fabric structure, in the development of masks to enhance user compliance.