Concern about short- and long-term ultraviolet radiation (particularly UVB) damage to the eye has led to increased research in this area. Numerous studies have confirmed the pathogenic enhancing roles of reflected ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation in our environment. There is concern that conventional sunglasses do not protect the eye adequately from reflected rays (albedo), especially on the lateral aspect, from behind and from below. Using eye models and computer ray tracing methods, the pathways of oblique rays incident at the temporal peripheral cornea have been plotted by Maloof, Ho and Coroneo.1 These rays are refracted and focused and theoretically can result in up to 20 times the concentration of incident irradiance at the nasal anterior chamber angle and nasal equatorial cortex of the crystalline lens. The purpose of this study was to determine the limits of angular subtense of the incident peripheral light which is refracted in this manner in human subjects and to investigate the relation between corneal shape and certain ocular parameters to the limits. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between temporal entrance angle and anterior chamber depth (r = 0.70, P< 0.0006). The entrance angle ranged from 15 degrees to 30 degrees and was located 10 degrees to 45 degrees posterior to the coronal plane. Our results support Maloof and colleagues' predictions for the implication of focused peripheral UV and high intensity visible radiation in the pathogenesis of pterygium and cortical cataract and emphasise the need for lateral eye protection in conditions of high ultraviolet albedo. 相似文献
The purpose of the present study was to reduce background tracks by removing a given surface layer of the 250 μm thick lexan polycarbonate foils before exposure to alpha particles. Ethylenediamine solution was used for taking layers from the surface of the foils. 相似文献
Radical polyaddition of bis(α‐trifluoromethyl‐β,β‐difluorovinyl) terephthalate [CF2?C(CF3)OCOC6H4COOC(CF3)?CF2] (BFP) with 1,4‐dioxane (DOX) was investigated under γ‐rays radiation from a 60Co source to produce higher molecular weight polymers compared to those yielded by benzoyl peroxide initiation. Prior to polyaddition, the addition reactions of 2‐benzoxypentafluoropropene [CF2?C(CF3)OCOC6H5] (BPFP) with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and DOX, and BFP with THF were examined in order to develop probable polyaddition reaction conditions. The polymer bearing 1.5 × 104 as a molecular weight was obtained under the feed molar ratio of DOX/BFP = 16 with an irradiation dose of 2 000 kGy at 40 °C, which is a much higher molecular weight compared to that yielded by benzoyl peroxide.
We examined developmental differences in smooth pursuit eye tracking proficiency in a large sample of preadolescent, adolescent, and adult males. Smooth pursuit was quantified using general measures of oculomotor functioning and by examining the frequency and dynamic characteristics of specific saccadic events. Examination of age effects using general measures indicated that, by late adolescence, the smooth pursuit system reached adult levels of functioning. No significant differences were found between the adolescent and adult groups on most global measures. However, both groups had better eye tracking than the preadolescent group, suggesting that during preadolescence the oculomotor system is still developing and is not yet capable of optimal performance. Examination of the frequency and dynamic characteristics of the saccadic events yielded additional information regarding the nature of the smooth pursuit eye tracking differences of the three age groups. 相似文献
Drowsiness and increased tendency to fall asleep during daytime is still a generally underestimated problem. An increased
tendency to fall asleep limits the efficiency at work and substantially increases the risk of accidents. Reduced alertness
is difficult to assess, particularly under real life settings. Most of the available measuring procedures are laboratory-oriented
and their applicability under field conditions is limited; their validity and sensitivity are often a matter of controversy.
The spontaneous eye blink is considered to be a suitable ocular indicator for fatigue diagnostics. To evaluate eye blink parameters
as a drowsiness indicator, a contact-free method for the measurement of spontaneous eye blinks was developed. An infrared
sensor clipped to an eyeglass frame records eyelid movements continuously. In a series of sessions with 60 healthy adult participants,
the validity of spontaneous blink parameters was investigated. The subjective state was determined by means of questionnaires
immediately before the recording of eye blinks. The results show that several parameters of the spontaneous eye blink can
be used as indicators in fatigue diagnostics. The parameters blink duration and reopening time in particular change reliably
with increasing drowsiness. Furthermore, the proportion of long closure duration blinks proves to be an informative parameter.
The results demonstrate that the measurement of eye blink parameters provides reliable information about drowsiness/sleepiness,
which may also be applied to the continuous monitoring of the tendency to fall asleep.
Electronic Publication 相似文献