肝移植围手术期肠内免疫营养治疗的观察

目的: 研究ω-3脂肪酸、精氨酸、膳食纤维等营养物质强化的肠内免疫营养(EIN)治疗,在肝移植围手术期营养支持中的安全性和治疗效果. 方法: 将39例肝移植病人随机分为两组,分别给予EIN和普通EN.通过肝功能、细胞免疫、体液免疫、排斥发生率的检测,比较两组病人的治疗效果. 结果: EIN组病人的肝细胞合成功能和免疫功能等都好于EN组;两组病人的排斥反应发生率均未增加. 结论: EIN治疗能明显减轻肝移植病人围手术期机体免疫抑制状态,改善细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,且未增加术后排斥反应的发生率.     

肠内营养联合聚乙二醇在结直肠肿瘤伴不全肠梗阻病人围手术期中的应用

目的:探讨口服肠内营养(EN)联合聚乙二醇对伴有不全肠梗阻的结直肠肿瘤病人行围手术期准备的可行性及疗效. 方法:对结直肠癌伴有不全梗阻的病人分为两组,研究组(n=72)病人术前口服整蛋白型EN和聚乙二醇进行围手术期准备;对照组(n=105)病人术前给予流质饮食和冲服番泻叶行常规术前准备.观察两组病人术前营养评分、术中肠道清洁度、术后肛门首次排气时间、术后吻合口瘘、感染并发症、免疫指标以及血浆内毒素水平等. 结果:研究组病人营养评分、肠道清洁度均好于对照组(P＜0.05).对照组病人感染并发症的发生率明显高于研究组.研究组病人术后第7天的IgG、IgM和CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+水平较对照组高,术前1d血浆内毒素含量低于对照组,两组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05). 结论:整蛋白型EN制剂联合聚乙二醇在结直肠肿瘤伴不全肠梗阻病人围手术期中的应用,不仅术中肠道清洁度满意,而且还能改善病人术后营养和免疫功能,保护肠黏膜屏障,加速胃肠功能的恢复.     

术前肠内免疫营养对结肠癌病人免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨术前应用肠内免疫营养支持对结肠癌病人免疫功能的影响. 方法:将40例结肠癌病人随机分为两组,每组20例.试验组术前给予瑞能肠内免疫营养支持7 d,对照组术前常规饮食准备.观察术前和术后免疫指标以及术后感染性并发症的发生率及住院时间. 结果:术后两组病人各项免疫指标水平均有不同程度下降,但试验组手术前后各项指标无显著性差异;而对照组术后第3天的外周血淋巴细胞总数、CD4 /CD8 和术后第7 天的淋巴细胞总数、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 、血清IgG、IgM水平均较入院时显著降低(P＜0.05);试验组术后第7天淋巴细胞总数、CD3 、CD4 、CD4 /CD8 和血清IgG、IgM水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);试验组术后感染性并发症的发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);两组住院时间无显著性差异(P＞0.05). 结论:术前使用肠内免疫营养制剂,能明显改善结肠癌病人的免疫状况,减少术后感染性并发症的发生.     

免疫营养氨基酸与器官移植

免疫营养氨基酸如谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、甘氨酸和蛋氨酸等,是指既能补充营养,又能以特定机制调节免疫细胞和免疫功能、减轻有害或过度的炎症反应的营养物质。但迄今为止,免疫营养氨基酸对移植脏器的功能恢复及对排斥或耐受的影响仍未完全清楚,此文就具有特定免疫效应的氨基酸对移植免疫的影响作深入分析。     

肠内免疫营养对胃癌手术病人免疫功能和急性炎性反应的调理作用

目的 :观察胃癌病人围手术期使用肿瘤特异性肠内免疫营养物 Supportan对病人的营养、免疫和急性炎性反应的调理作用。　方法 :本研究是一个前瞻、随机、单盲、对照的临床研究。30例营养不良择期手术的胃癌病人 ,随机分为两组 :1、免疫营养组 (Supportan,n=15 ) ,2、标准营养组 (能全素 Nutrison,n=15 )。两组使用等热量肠内营养 ,12 5 k J(30 kcal) / (kg· d)。术前置鼻胃管 ,使用 7天。术中均行空肠造口 ,术后 12小时开始空肠输注肠内营养 ,连续 7天。术前第 8、1天 ;术后第 1、8天抽取静脉血 ,检测血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清免疫球蛋白、血清 IL - 6、CRP、PGE2 浓度。　结果 :两组病人术后均有急性炎性反应的发生和免疫功能的降低。但免疫营养组比标准营养组的术后第 1、8天的 CD4/ CD8比值、血清 Ig G水平有显著增加 ;血清 IL- 6、CRP、PGE2 有显著下降 ;术后第 8天血清前白蛋白浓度有显著增加。　结论 :胃癌合并营养不良的病人围手术期使用肠内免疫营养物 Supportan可以改善手术后免疫功能的低下 ,缓解急性相炎性反应和增加内脏蛋白的合成。     

Clinical outcome of immunonutrition in a heterogeneous intensive care population

Objective To study the effect of a high-protein enteral formula enriched with arginine, glutamine, and antioxidants and containing 3 fatty acids and a mixture of fibers, on the clinical outcome of a heterogeneous intensive care (ICU) population.Design and setting A randomized, prospective, double blind, controlled, two-center clinical trial in two intensive care units in The Netherlands.Patients and participants A total of 597 adult ICU patients expected to require enteral tube feeding for more than 2 days were randomized to receive immunonutrition or an isocaloric control formula. Interventions Patients received either the immunonutrition or the control feed.Measurements and results Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome parameters between the two groups. Results of the intention-to-treat analysis in control vs. immunonutrition were: median ICU length of stay in days, 8.0 (IQR 5.0–16.0) vs. 7.0 (4.0–14.0); median hospital length of stay in days, 20.0 (IQR 10.0–34.0) vs. 20.0 (10.0–35.0); median days of ventilation, 6.0 (IQR 3.0–12.0) vs. 6.0 (IQR 3.0–12.0); ICU mortality, 26.8% vs. 28.2%; in-hospital mortality, 36.4% vs. 38.5%; infectious complications, 41.7% vs. 43.0%Conclusions The results of this largest randomized, controlled trial found that in the general ICU population immunonutrition has no beneficial effect on clinical outcome parameters. These results are consistent with the literature that is currently available.This revised version was published online in February 2005 with corrections to the heading of a subsection of the Results (A priori subgroup analyses).     

谷氨酰胺与烧伤免疫营养

Nutritional therapy is an important determi-nant of immune function in burn patients. However, common nutritional supplement given to patients with extensive deep burn is still therapeutically inefficient to block nutrients utilization due to metabolic disorder. Immunonutrition, a new nutrition thera-peutic modality, has been used in severely burned patients for regulating cell function, improving metabolic state, and enhan-cing immune function. Glutamine (Gln) is often considered to be a prime immunonutrient in immunonutrition therapy for criti-cally ill patients including those with serious burns. Our series of experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that Gln administered in animals or patients could abate intestinal injury, accelerate repair of intestinal mucosa, improve nitrogen balance, abate immunosuppression, maintain immune homeostasis, amel-iorate wound healing, and shorten hospital stay. Although the use of Gln for supportive care of severely burned patients is now well established, the science of its use is still in its infancy. There are some disputes in regard to its indication, dosage, and course of treatment, and the way of its supplementation, admin-istration opportunity especially. These questions will be dis-cussed in this paper, and we wish to propose the principle and method of administration of Gln in severely burned patients.     

Immunonutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature

Background  The role of immuno-modulating diets (IMDs) in critically ill patients is controversial. Objective  The goal of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of IMD’s on hospital mortality, nosocomial infections and length of stay (LOS) in critically ill patients. Outcome was stratified according to type of IMD and patient setting. Data sources  MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Study selection  RCT’s that compared the outcome of critically ill patients randomized to an IMD or a control diet. Data synthesis  Twenty-four studies (with a total of 3013 patients) were included in the meta-analysis; 12 studies included ICU patients, 5 burn patients and 7 trauma patients. Four of the studies used formulas supplemented with arginine, two with arginine and glutamine, nine with arginine and fish oil (FO), two with arginine, glutamine and FO, six with glutamine alone and three studies used a formula supplemented with FO alone. Overall IMD’s had no effect on mortality or LOS, but reduced the number of infections (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.47–0.86, P = 0.004, I ² = 49%). Mortality, infections and LOS were significantly lower only in the ICU patients receiving the FO IMD (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.26–0.68; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25–0.79 and WMD -6.28 days, 95% CI −9.92 to −2.64, respectively). Conclusions  An IMD supplemented with FO improved the outcome of medical ICU patients (with SIRS/sepsis/ARDS). IMDs supplemented with arginine with/without additional glutamine or FO do not appear to offer an advantage over standard enteral formulas in ICU, trauma and burn patients.     

肠内免疫营养在结直肠癌术后感染患者中作用探讨

目的：机体感染后会发生一系列病理生理和代谢改变，全身处于免疫抑制，给予适当的营养支持，促进患者的尽快恢复。然而普通的肠内营养制剂尚不能有效地纠正感染后机体免疫功能抑制状态，因此研究免疫营养对感染后机体免疫功能的影响有其重要意义。方法：选择60例结直肠癌术后腹腔感染病人分用药组和对照组，用药组病人使用免疫制剂，对照组不使用免疫制剂。观察临床疗效、外周血清T淋巴细胞亚群IgA^＋和CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋细胞的数量。结果：外科感染病人用药组IgA^＋和CD3^＋,CD4^＋,CD8^＋细胞的数量上升；用药组临床疗效高于对照组（p〈0．01）结论：免疫制剂在外科感染及重大手术中可提高免疫功能，有利于病人恢复。