全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6094篇 |
免费 | 526篇 |
国内免费 | 230篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 268篇 |
儿科学 | 97篇 |
妇产科学 | 11篇 |
基础医学 | 1264篇 |
口腔科学 | 416篇 |
临床医学 | 537篇 |
内科学 | 264篇 |
皮肤病学 | 27篇 |
神经病学 | 172篇 |
特种医学 | 708篇 |
外科学 | 1939篇 |
综合类 | 666篇 |
现状与发展 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 75篇 |
眼科学 | 41篇 |
药学 | 192篇 |
1篇 | |
中国医学 | 95篇 |
肿瘤学 | 76篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 97篇 |
2022年 | 141篇 |
2021年 | 166篇 |
2020年 | 270篇 |
2019年 | 212篇 |
2018年 | 222篇 |
2017年 | 244篇 |
2016年 | 183篇 |
2015年 | 236篇 |
2014年 | 410篇 |
2013年 | 544篇 |
2012年 | 307篇 |
2011年 | 341篇 |
2010年 | 303篇 |
2009年 | 340篇 |
2008年 | 290篇 |
2007年 | 307篇 |
2006年 | 233篇 |
2005年 | 196篇 |
2004年 | 208篇 |
2003年 | 194篇 |
2002年 | 164篇 |
2001年 | 139篇 |
2000年 | 133篇 |
1999年 | 121篇 |
1998年 | 101篇 |
1997年 | 91篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 52篇 |
1993年 | 42篇 |
1992年 | 45篇 |
1991年 | 36篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 24篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有6850条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ali Mobasheri Csaba Matta Ilona Uzielienè Emma Budd Pablo Martín-Vasallo Eiva Bernotiene 《Joint, bone, spine : revue du rhumatisme》2019,86(1):29-35
Chondrocytes are the main cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage and possess a highly differentiated phenotype that is the hallmark of the unique physiological functions of this specialised load-bearing connective tissue. The plasma membrane of articular chondrocytes contains a rich and diverse complement of membrane proteins, known as the membranome, which defines the cell surface phenotype of the cells. The membranome is a key target of pharmacological agents and is important for chondrocyte function. It includes channels, transporters, enzymes, receptors, and anchors for intracellular, cytoskeletal and ECM proteins and other macromolecular complexes. The chondrocyte channelome is a sub-compartment of the membranome and includes a complete set of ion channels and porins expressed in these cells. Many of these are multi-functional proteins with “moonlighting” roles, serving as channels, receptors and signalling components of larger molecular assemblies. The aim of this review is to summarise our current knowledge of the fundamental aspects of the chondrocyte channelome, discuss its relevance to cartilage biology and highlight its possible role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Excessive and inappropriate mechanical loads, an inflammatory micro-environment, alternative splicing of channel components or accumulation of basic calcium phosphate crystals can result in an altered chondrocyte channelome impairing its function. Alterations in Ca2+ signalling may lead to defective synthesis of ECM macromolecules and aggravated catabolic responses in chondrocytes, which is an important and relatively unexplored aspect of the complex and poorly understood mechanism of OA development. 相似文献
2.
《Biomaterials》2015
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs), a population of multipotent cells that migrate extensively and give rise to diverse derivatives, including peripheral and enteric neurons and glia, craniofacial cartilage and bone, melanocytes and smooth muscle, have great potential for regenerative medicine. Non-human primates provide optimal models for the development of stem cell therapies. Here, we describe the first derivation of NCSCs from cynomolgus monkey embryonic stem cells (CmESCs) at the neural rosette stage. CmESC-derived neurospheres replated on polyornithine/laminin-coated dishes migrated onto the substrate and showed characteristic expression of NCSC markers, including Sox10, AP2α, Slug, Nestin, p75, and HNK1. CmNCSCs were capable of propagating in an undifferentiated state in vitro as adherent or suspension cultures, and could be subsequently induced to differentiate towards peripheral nervous system lineages (peripheral sympathetic neurons, sensory neurons, and Schwann cells) and mesenchymal lineages (osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and smooth muscle cells). CmNCSCs transplanted into developing chick embryos or fetal brains of cynomolgus macaques survived, migrated, and differentiated into progeny consistent with a neural crest identity. Our studies demonstrate that CmNCSCs offer a new tool for investigating neural crest development and neural crest-associated human disease and suggest that this non-human primate model may facilitate tissue engineering and regenerative medicine efforts. 相似文献
3.
Soosai Manickam Amirtham Ozlem Ozbey Upasana Kachroo Boopalan Ramasamy Elizabeth Vinod 《Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.)》2020,33(3):343-349
Bone containing tissues such as osteochondral joint are resistant to routine tissue processing, therefore require decalcification. This technique causes removal of mineral salts, but in the process may macerate the organic tissue, hence the need for tissue fixation. Such severe processing demands careful antigen retrieval to necessitate optimal staining. The aim of our study was to compare five different antigen retrieval protocols (heat retrieval and protein digestion) following decalcification of rabbit knee joints using two different techniques (20% formic acid and 10% ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid: EDTA). Osteochondral sections were compared based on time required for decalcification, ease of sectioning, morphological integrity using HE staining and antigen preservation (Collagen type II) using immunohistochemistry. The two decalcification solutions did not impair the tissue morphology and ease of sectioning. Joints processed with formic acid decalcified four times faster than EDTA. Among the five antigen retrieval approaches, maximal collagen II uptake with minimal nonspecific staining was found with protein digestion (pronase and hyaluronidase) in both formic acid and EDTA sections. For osteo-chondral sections, we recommend using 10% EDTA for decalcification and pronase plus hyaluronidase for antigen retrieval if maintaining tissue morphology is crucial, whereas if time is of the essence, 20% FA with pronase plus hyaluronidase is the faster option while still preserving structural integrity. Clin. Anat. 33:343–349, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
4.
B. J. d'Othe S. Haulon C. Mounier-Vehier J. P. Beregi O. Jabourek S. Willoteaux 《European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery》2002,24(6):516-523
OBJECTIVE: evaluation and comparison of the endovascular treatment of isolated aortic and aortoiliac atherosclerotic lesions (stenoses and occlusions). METHODS: a percutaneous endovascular procedure was performed in 52 patients (38 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 52 years (range, 25-85 years). The baseline angiogram showed 35 aortic lesions (31 stenoses, 4 occlusions) and 17 aortoiliac lesions (14 stenoses, 3 occlusions). Percutaneous techniques used in this series included variable combinations of transluminal angioplasty and stenting. All stents placements were performed over-the-wire using the transfemoral route (most often bilateral approach). Clinical examination and Duplex-scan were performed at discharge, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and then yearly. RESULTS: technical success was 100% for aortic and aortoiliac lesions. Angiographic success rates were comparable for aortic (91%) and aortoiliac (94%) lesions. No death occurred during or early after the endovascular intervention. Duplex-scan confirmed 100% patency rate at discharge. There was no significant difference between the aortic (94%) and aortoiliac (96%) groups regarding immediate clinical improvement. Mean follow-up was 34+/-31 months (range, 0-130 months). The cumulative primary patency rate at 36 months was 85% in the aortic group and 86% in the aortoiliac group. Clinical success, defined as a symptom-free status at the end of follow-up, was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: endovascular treatment of isolated aortic lesions of the infra-renal aorta has favorable outcomes comparable to those of aortoiliac lesions. 相似文献
5.
6.
经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法 对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0~ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果 全组溶栓治疗时间 4~ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0~ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论 经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效 相似文献
7.
Antonio Gigante Claudia Bevilacqua Andrea Ricevuto Monica Mattioli-Belmonte Francesco Greco 《Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy》2007,15(1):88-92
The implantation of chondrocytes, seeded on matrices such as hyaluronic acid or collagen membranes, is a method that is being widely used for the treatment of chondral defects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution, viability and phenotype expression of the cells seeded on a collagen membrane just at the time of the implantation. Twelve patients who were suffering from articular cartilage lesions were treated by the MACI® procedure. The residual part of each membrane was tested by colorimetric assay (MTT) and histochemical and ultrastructural analyses were carried out. In all of the samples a large number of viable cells, quite homogenously distributed, was detected. The cells expressed the markers of the differentiated hyaline chondrocytes. These data reassure in that the MACI procedure provides a suitable engineered tissue for cartilage repair, in line with the clinical evidences emerging in the literature. 相似文献
8.
骨髓基质干细胞修复兔关节软骨缺损的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究以多聚乙醇酸(PGA)为支架的骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)复合物修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的情况。方法体外培养扩增的自体BMSCs种植于PGA支架并培养72h,然后将支架-细胞复合物植入兔关节软骨缺损模型。术后12周处死动物,标本行大体观察、组织学检查及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色。结果BMSCs-PGA复合物植入后形成丰富的透明软骨样修复组织,新生软骨无明显退变。对照组主要为纤维组织及软骨下骨修复。结论BMSCs-PGA复合物可修复关节软骨缺损。 相似文献
9.
Henri A. H. Winters Dorothea K. G. van Loenen 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,29(5):205-208
Nowadays the vascularized free fibula flap and the free iliac crest flap are the methods most frequently used to reconstruct
the mandible. This is also the case in our clinic. A retrospective nonrandomized study was performed to compare both flaps.
The vascularized fibula free flap and the iliac crest free flap were compared in terms of logistics, flap failure, revisionary
surgery, donor site morbidity, and recipient site morbidity. No significant differences in flap failure and revision surgery
were found between the fibula group and the iliac crest group. Recipient site and donor site complications (major and minor)
were significantly less in the fibula group compared to the iliac crest group. In mandibular reconstruction, the free vascularized
fibula flap appears to be superior to the free vascularized iliac crest flap in terms of both recipient site and donor site
morbidity. 相似文献
10.
S. A. R. Nouraei C. B. Singh M. S. Ferguson K. Young D. Roy J. M. Philpott 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,30(4):153-157
The objective of this study is to assess the results of repairing septal perforations with a vascularized pedicled alar cartilage
island flap. Using the external rhinoplasty approach, a vascularized flap of alar cartilage, harvested as a cephalic trim
and pedicled on the ascending columellar branches of the superior labial artery was raised. Bilateral mucoperichondrial septal
flaps were elevated and the alar flap was transposed and secured within the defect and bilaterally overlaid with temporalis
fascia. Silastic sheets were placed and remained in situ until the grafts were revascularized from the peripheries of the
defect as well as centrally from the alar flap. The revascularized temporalis fascia acted as a scaffold for nasal remucosalization.
The alar flap also increased the long-term structural robustness of the repair. Between 1999 and 2003, 14 patients with septal
perforations ranging from 10 to 31 mm underwent septal reconstruction using this technique. There were nine males and five
females. The flap was successfully raised in all cases and long-term closure was maintained in 12 patients (86%). The alar
cartilage flap is an effective technique for repairing septal perforations in selected patients. It provides vascularized
tissue which nourishes the grafts during remucosalization, and a cartilaginous framework, which affords long-term structural
support to the repair. It also obviates the need to transpose nasal mucosa and create a secondary defect. The rhinoplasty
approach furthermore permits additional nasal deformities to be corrected at the same time.
Presented at the British Association of Plastic Surgeons Summer Scientific Meeting, Sheffield, UK (12 July 2006). 相似文献