剖宫产术后下肢深静脉血栓的护理

目的探讨剖宫产术后深静脉血栓的护理经验。方法将2003年1月～2005年12月行剖宫产术的产妇76例，采取护理干预，加强饮食指导、抗凝血及溶栓护理。结果70例患者治愈，4例留有后遗症，2例转院，未跟踪报告。结论剖宫产术后易发生深静脉血栓；而高龄、经产、多胎、有产科并发症是其高危因素；应用护理措施进行积极干预，起到较好的预防作用，能保证产妇生命安全，提高产科护理质量。     

Percutaneous Endovascular Treatment for Stenoses and Occlusions of Infrarenal Aorta and Aortoiliac Bifurcation: Midterm Results

OBJECTIVE: evaluation and comparison of the endovascular treatment of isolated aortic and aortoiliac atherosclerotic lesions (stenoses and occlusions). METHODS: a percutaneous endovascular procedure was performed in 52 patients (38 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 52 years (range, 25-85 years). The baseline angiogram showed 35 aortic lesions (31 stenoses, 4 occlusions) and 17 aortoiliac lesions (14 stenoses, 3 occlusions). Percutaneous techniques used in this series included variable combinations of transluminal angioplasty and stenting. All stents placements were performed over-the-wire using the transfemoral route (most often bilateral approach). Clinical examination and Duplex-scan were performed at discharge, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and then yearly. RESULTS: technical success was 100% for aortic and aortoiliac lesions. Angiographic success rates were comparable for aortic (91%) and aortoiliac (94%) lesions. No death occurred during or early after the endovascular intervention. Duplex-scan confirmed 100% patency rate at discharge. There was no significant difference between the aortic (94%) and aortoiliac (96%) groups regarding immediate clinical improvement. Mean follow-up was 34+/-31 months (range, 0-130 months). The cumulative primary patency rate at 36 months was 85% in the aortic group and 86% in the aortoiliac group. Clinical success, defined as a symptom-free status at the end of follow-up, was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: endovascular treatment of isolated aortic lesions of the infra-renal aorta has favorable outcomes comparable to those of aortoiliac lesions.     

经导管局部溶栓治疗髂-股静脉血栓:58例回顾性分析

目的　探讨经导管局部溶栓治疗髂 股静脉血栓的效果及临床应用中的有关问题。资料与方法　对 5 8例髂 股静脉血栓形成患者 (病程 <4周 4 5例 ,>4周 13例 ) ,采取经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶 ,尿激酶先团注2 5 0 0 0 0U ,然后以 12 5 0 0 0～ 15 0 0 0 0U/h持续灌注。结果　全组溶栓治疗时间 4～ 5 6h ,平均 36h ,尿激酶用量75 0 0 0 0～ 72 5 0 0 0 0U ,平均 4 70 0 0 0 0U。阻塞段完全开通 (残存狭窄率 <30 % )者 30例 ,部分开通者 2 3例 ,无效 5例 ,有效率达 91.4 %。对残存狭窄率 >30 %的 2 3例 ,14例行经皮球囊血管成形术 (PTA)治疗 ,9例行PTA及内支架治疗。 6例溶栓前放置下腔静脉过滤器。本组无严重并发症及肺栓塞发生。结论　经导管血栓局部灌注尿激酶是治疗髂 股静脉血栓的安全、有效方法。溶栓术后继续肝素全身抗凝治疗可增强溶栓疗效     

A comparison between fibula and iliac crest in mandibular reconstruction

Nowadays the vascularized free fibula flap and the free iliac crest flap are the methods most frequently used to reconstruct the mandible. This is also the case in our clinic. A retrospective nonrandomized study was performed to compare both flaps. The vascularized fibula free flap and the iliac crest free flap were compared in terms of logistics, flap failure, revisionary surgery, donor site morbidity, and recipient site morbidity. No significant differences in flap failure and revision surgery were found between the fibula group and the iliac crest group. Recipient site and donor site complications (major and minor) were significantly less in the fibula group compared to the iliac crest group. In mandibular reconstruction, the free vascularized fibula flap appears to be superior to the free vascularized iliac crest flap in terms of both recipient site and donor site morbidity.     

选择髂内或髂外动脉吻合对移植肾的影响

目的 探讨肾移植动脉重建选择髂外或髂内动脉时移植肾血流参数、肾脏功能和血管并发症的差异。方法 135例初次肾移植患者随机分为2组，2组患者平均年龄、HLA错配数目、淋巴细胞毒试验、冷／热缺血时间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），术后免疫抑制剂应用方案相同。应用髂外动脉端侧吻合66例，髂内动脉端端吻合69例。随访3个月，比较2组患者肾脏功能、彩色多普勒肾脏血流参数和血管并发症发生率。结果 髂内动脉、髂外动脉组2组患者术后3个月时肾功能监测指标（Cr：118．41 vs123．68μmol／L），移植肾主肾动脉、段动脉、大叶间动脉血流及阻力指数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 肾移植动脉重建选择髂内外动脉对移植肾功能及血液流变学无明显影响，动脉选择应根据患者具体情况决定。     

Transarterial embolization of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation after unsuccessful stereotactic radiosurgery

The authors present three cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) diagnosed in infancy and submitted by the referring teams for stereotactic radiosurgery as the initial therapy (therapeutic doses ranging between 20–25 Gy and 40–50 Gy to the peak dose). After the conventional follow-up of 18–24 months, no change could be detected in the angioarchitecture of the lesions. All three cases were then referred for endovascular treatment and underwent embolization by the transarterial route using liquid adhesives (N-butyl cyanoacrylate). This resulted in complete anatomical exclusion of the lesion. Regardless of the theoretical efficiency of radiosurgery in the management of brain arteriovenous malformations, the present authors believe that transarterial embolization remains the treatment of choice in VGAMs. It offers a high rate of morphological cure and the best chances for normal neurocognitive development. The time required by radiosurgery to achieve a significant result is too long for developing and maturing brain and may not prevent the negative effects of the lesion, mainly in regard to hemo- and hydrodynamic disorders (atrophy, subcortical calcifications, etc.) created by the VGAM, thus leading to irreversible mental retardation.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植对脊髓损伤的修复作用

目的初步探讨骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）静脉移植对脊髓损伤后神经功能恢复和神经修复的影响。方法体外培养BMSCs，改良Allen法制备大鼠脊髓损伤模型，经尾静脉移植Brdu标记的BMSCs，损伤后24h、移植后1、3、5周评价实验动物的神经功能状况，并检测BMSCs在体内迁移、存活以及分化情况，电子显微镜观察组织形态学变化。结果移植的BMSCs在宿主损伤脊髓中聚集并存活，3～5周后有部分移植细胞表达神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、神经丝蛋白（NF）、微管相关蛋白（MAP2）；BMSCs静脉移植组大鼠运动功能改善，BBB评分高于对照组（P〈0．05）；5周后组织学观察，与对照组相比移植组损伤区脊髓结构较完整。结论BMSCs经静脉移植后可向脊髓损伤处聚集并存活分化，促进神经修复及神经功能的恢复。     

External Iliac Endofibrosis in Endurance Athletes: A Novel Case in an Endurance Runner and a Review of the Literature

BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition that high-performance athletes can develop symptomatic arterial flow restriction in one or both (15%) legs due to kinking and/or endofibrosis of their iliac arteries. METHODS: Case report and review based on a Medline search of the literature. RESULTS: A 51-year-old female, 24-hour endurance runner presented with a six-month history of rapidly progressing intermittent claudication affecting her right thigh and calf in the absence of classical risk factors for atherosclerosis. On the basis of invasive and non-invasive investigations, a provisional diagnosis of endofibrosis was made and she was treated successfully with angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology, optimal investigation and treatment of iliac endofibrosis in endurance athletes is poorly described. Each individual unit's experience is likely to be very small. A European register of such cases would increase our understanding of the condition and improve patient outcomes.