青叶胆Shan酮类化合物的成分研究

目的　分离鉴定青叶胆 Swertia mileensis全草的酮类成分。方法　 95 %乙醇浸提 ,经硅胶柱色谱分离纯化 ,UV,IR,MS,1 H和 1 3CNMR波谱方法确定化学结构。结果　分得 12个酮成分 ,分别为 1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,5 - tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,7-trim ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 ,7- tetram ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3-二甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3- dimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihy-droxy- 2 ,3,7- trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 -三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,8-二羟基 - 2 ,3,6 -三甲氧基酮 (1,8- dihydroxy- 2 ,3,6 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- te-tramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,2 ,3,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1,2 ,3,5 - tetromethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,6 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxyl- 2 ,3,4 ,6     

Contribution of apoptosis in the cytotoxicity of the oxaliplatin-irinotecan combination in the HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line

Interactions between the topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT-11) and the platinum derivative oxaliplatin (L-OHP) were investigated in HT29 colon cancer cell line. Synergism was observed when cells were simultaneously exposed to drugs or when cells were first exposed to CPT-11. Flow cytometric studies showed a G(2)/M accumulation when cells were exposed to the simultaneous and CPT-11-->L-OHP combinations whereas a persistent S phase delay was observed when cells were first exposed to L-OHP. We characterised the cytotoxic effect by assessing the induction of apoptosis. Irinotecan induced substantial DEVDase activity and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage while this activity was moderate and delayed after exposure to L-OHP. Combination experiments showed a sequence-dependent onset of apoptosis, the CPT-11-->L-OHP schedule being the earliest and the most effective; on the other hand the apoptotic signaling generated by CPT-11 was partly inhibited in the simultaneous combination and in the L-OHP-->CPT-11 sequence. Cell death studies using a dual staining technique showed a shift from apoptosis to necrosis when combining these drugs at high concentrations. Synergistic interactions observed using CPT-11 before L-OHP may be linked to an early apoptotic signaling while the L-OHP-induced S phase block could account for the observed additive effect in the reverse sequence. An additional phenomenon might work towards synergism for the simultaneous combination.     

青叶胆酮类化合物的成分研究

目的　分离鉴定青叶胆 Swertia mileensis全草的酮类成分。方法　 95 %乙醇浸提 ,经硅胶柱色谱分离纯化 ,UV,IR,MS,1 H和 1 3CNMR波谱方法确定化学结构。结果　分得 12个酮成分 ,分别为 1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,5 - tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,7-trim ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 ,7- tetram ethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3-二甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3- dimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,7-三甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihy-droxy- 2 ,3,7- trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,5 -三甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,5 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,5 -二羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1,5 - dihydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- tetramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,8-二羟基 - 2 ,3,6 -三甲氧基酮 (1,8- dihydroxy- 2 ,3,6 - trimethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,7-四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxy- 2 ,3,4 ,7- te-tramethoxyxanthone, ) ;1,2 ,3,5 -四甲氧基酮 (1,2 ,3,5 - tetromethoxyxanthone, ) ;1-羟基 - 2 ,3,4 ,6 -四甲氧基酮 (1- hydroxyl- 2 ,3,4 ,6     

Ergebnisse einer In-vitro-Studie und erster klinischer Anwendung eines kombinierten Ho:YAG-/Nd:YAG-Lasers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A combined Ho:YAG/Nd:YAG laser produces light with properties similar to the beams of the mainly coagulating Nd:YAG laser and the cutting CO2 laser alone. PATIENTS/METHODS: The combined laser was tested in vitro on pig tissue. Additionally, we used this new combined tool for enoral operations. RESULTS: An effect of the pulsed Ho:YAG laser was explosive-like tissue disruption and sprinkling of fragments. Simultaneous use of the Nd:YAG laser resulted in an enlarged zone of coagulation. Clinically, the laser-assisted intervention was inferior to the classic operational methods. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the established CO2 laser and the Ho:YAG laser, the latter showed only the advantage of delivery via a flexible fiber. Sprinkling of tissue fragments and wide incisions are oncologically problematic. We conclude that this new tool is of minor value for otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons.     

钬激光对兔肾脏实质的生物学效应

目的探索钬激光用于治疗肾实质肿瘤的可行性.方法以兔子为试验对象,按完全随机的方式将兔子分组,每组接受不同参数(脉冲能量、频率、时间)的激光对双侧肾脏定点照射.通过肉眼观测、光镜观察及图像处理软件,观察钬激光对肾脏实质的气化、切割、凝固等生物学效应及范围.结果钬激光对肾实质具有气化、切割、凝固效应,同时有良好的止血效果,损伤带的直径随着激光的脉冲能量(F=767.104,P=0.000)、频率(F=3808.405,P=0.000)及照射时间(F=139.115,P=0.000)的增加而增大,差别均有统计学意义.钬激光功率与损伤直径有良好的相关性好(r=0.950,t=11.499,P=0.000),说明损伤的范围易于控制.切割带外围热损伤的宽度局限于0.4～0.8 mm,负损伤小.结论钬激光可以对肾组织产生精确的气化、切割、凝固效果,同时止血可靠,易于控制,可操作性强.可以用于肾实质肿瘤的治疗,可以在影像技术的引导下行穿刺介入治疗,或者通过腹腔镜下治疗,也可以在保肾手术中辅助切割.     

输尿管镜钬激光肾盂内切开术的疗效(附30例报告)

目的探讨经尿道输尿管镜钬激光肾盂内切开术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄的效果。方法2002年4月-2004年9月期间，经尿道输尿管镜下行肾盂内切开治疗成人型肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄30例。狭窄段纵行切开后，输尿管内放置8F双J管内引流，平均留置双J管6周，每间隔3个月行超声、排泄性尿路造影检查。结果术后随访3—22个月，平均18个月，22例临床症状缓解，影像学检查提示内切开段造影剂通过良好，治疗成功；8例手术失败，均为巨大肾盂积水患者，改行Aderson—Hynes离断性肾盂成形术治愈。结论经尿道输尿管镜下钬激光肾盂内切开术创伤小、安全有效，可做为轻中度肾盂积水肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄患者治疗的首选方法。     

Effect of Low-Dose Vs Standard-Dose Valganciclovir in the Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Kidney Transplantation Recipients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Valganciclovir is widely used to prevent post-transplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in kidney transplant patients. However, the currently used dose remains controversial because the continuous use of this drug decreases kidney function and can induce leukopenia.