软胶囊崩解迟缓现象影响因素研究

目的：研究储存条件以及软胶囊处方对明胶胶片稳定性的影响，探讨软胶囊崩解迟缓的原因。方法：制备明胶胶片模拟软胶囊囊壳，采用溶胀动力学法测定明胶胶片平衡溶胀量(Seq)，同时测定软胶囊内容物溶媒PEG400中甲醛含量。以上述结果为指标，考察不同储存条件与胶囊处方对明胶胶片交联程度的影响。结果：空白明胶胶片在40℃条件下Seq与对照组具有极显著性差异，PEG400中甲醛含量增加。含有甘油、山梨醇、二氧化钛等辅料的胶片浸泡在PEG400中后Seq与对照组具有极显著性差异，PEG400中甲醛含量量著增加。加速条件下含有抗氧剂的胶片Seq与PEG400中甲醛含量变化不大。结论：在考察的储存条件中，温度对软胶囊稳定性影响较大。含有一些常用辅料的明胶胶片易受PEG400中外源性醛类杂质的影响，Seq降低。低沮保存、纯化辅料以及添加抗氧剂有助于缓解软胶囊崩解迟缓现象的发生。     

Contact urticaria from protein hydrolysates in hair conditioners

Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are added to hair-care products (to "repair" broken hair), soaps, bath gels, creams, etc. From one to 22 PHs used in hair-care products (collagen, keratin, elastin, milk, wheat, almond, and silk) were tested in three patient groups: A) 11 hairdressers with hand dermatitis B) 2160 consecutive adults with suspected allergic respiratory disease subjected to routine skin prick tests C) 28 adults with atopic dermatitis.
In group A, all the 22 PHs were tested with scratch and patch tests. In groups B and C, one to three PHs were tested with prick tests. Positive scratch/prick test reactions were seen in 12 patients from three PHs altogether. All were women with atopic dermatitis, and all reacted to at least hydroxypropyl trimonium hydroly:ed collagen (Crotein Q"). In three patients, prick and open tests with a hair conditioner containing Crotein Q were performed with positive results. One patient reported contact urticaria on her hands, and two reported acute urticaria on their head, face, and upper body from a hair conditioner containing Crotein Q. In seven of the eight studied sera, specific IgE to Crotein Q was detected. In conclusion, PHs of hair cosmetics can cause contact urticaria, especially in patients with atopic dermatitis.     

明胶降解物对大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响

目的 探讨组织工程心瓣膜常用人工基质材料--明胶发生降解后的产物对大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌的影响. 方法 利用酶组合技术制备明胶降解物（gelatin hydrolysate, GH）,采用超滤的方法分离出低分子量明胶降解物组分（gelatin hydrolysate fraction, GHF）,用于5只SD大鼠真皮成纤维细胞的体外培养.采用CCK-8活细胞计数试剂盒（Cell Counting Kit-8）检测细胞的增殖情况,ELISA试剂盒检测细胞I型胶原蛋白的分泌情况. 结果 ①GHF对细胞增殖作用的浓度效应：在0.125～1.0 mg/ml浓度范围内,GHF对细胞的促增殖作用呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,在0.25 mg/ml时,细胞增殖率最大,达到（47.54±16.35）%;②GH与GHF对细胞增殖影响比较：GH与GHF均具有促进细胞增殖的作用,且在浓度为0.25 mg/ml时,促细胞增殖作用无显著差异[（27.04±15.21）% vs （39.22±15.55）%, P=0.177];③GH与GHF对细胞分泌Ⅰ型胶原蛋白影响比较：GHF组第3天时Ⅰ型胶原分泌量为（28.06±5.60）pg/105,与空白对照的（18.24±4.52）pg/105相比,有显著差异（P=0.006）,而GH组直至第6天时Ⅰ型胶原蛋白分泌量,与空白对照相比,无统计学意义（P=0.103）. 结论 分子量大小不同的明胶降解物GH与GHF均具有促进大鼠真皮成纤维细胞增殖的作用,且分子量较小的GHF还具有促进细胞I型胶原分泌的功能.     

明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂预防干槽症临床研究

目的　探讨在拔除下颌阻生齿后 ,采用明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂置于牙槽窝内是否在预防干槽症中发挥作用。方法　临床上随机选择A、B两组下颌第三磨牙拔除的病人 ,每组 10 0例 ,A组为拔除下颌阻生齿后缝合不做其他处理 ,B组在拔牙后应用明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂置于拔牙创内并缝合。结果　A、B两组在拔牙后 4 8～ 72h无显著差异 ,在 72h后发生干槽症上A组明显大于B组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　明胶海绵替硝唑浸湿剂有明显的预防拔牙术后发生干槽症的作用。     

方格星虫酶解物成分分析及其抗氧化作用

用木瓜蛋白酶对方格星虫（Sipunculus nudus）进行酶促水解,并对酶解物冻干粉的成分进行了分析,其中粗蛋白质量分数为69.02%,多肽质量分数为60.60%,肽的平均链长为3.73个氨基酸残基,肽分子的平均相对分子质量为447.6;游离氨基酸占5.27%。氨基酸分析结果显示,方格星虫酶解物含有17种氨基酸（色氨酸未测）,其中人体必需氨基酸含量较高,占总氨基酸数的30.62%。方格星虫酶解物中还含有P、Fe、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu、Se等至少12种矿质元素,以及含有抗氧化作用的营养成分,并通过动物试验证明了方格星虫酶解物具有显著的抗氧化作用。方格星虫酶解物可用于食品添加或用作功能性食品。     

Drawn gelatin films with improved mechanical properties

Chain anisotropic distribution in gelatin films has been obtained by uniaxial stretching at constant relative humidity, followed by air drying and successive cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The drawn samples have been characterized by mechanical tests, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The Young’s modulus, E, and the stress at break, σ_b, increase linearly with the draw ratio and reach values which are about five times those characteristic of undrawn samples. Furthermore, on stretching the alignment of the gelatin strands along the direction of deformation increases while the thickness of the layers decreases significantly. The renaturation level, that is the fraction of gelatin in a collagen-like structure, has been calculated as the ratio between the melting enthalpy of gelatin samples and that of tendon collagen. The results indicate that the improvement of mechanical properties achieved by drawn gelatin is closely related to the renaturation level. The experimental approach utilized to induce segmental orientation in gelatin films, allows to obtain anisotropic materials with improved mechanical properties in the direction of deformation, and can be usefully applied in the preparation of biomaterials.     

骨髓基质细胞和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料生物相容性研究

目的:研究壳聚糖/明胶共混材料对离体培养的骨髓基质细胞粘附及增殖的影响,寻找骨髓基质细胞新的载体材料。方法:取2周龄幼兔的长骨采集骨髓,培养骨髓基质细胞,体外扩增1周后,种植于纯壳聚糖和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料的表面。在倒置光学显微镜、扫描电镜的辅助下,观察细胞的粘附和生长情况,种植7d后用透射电镜观察细胞功能状况,用MTT方法检测种植后2d、4d、6d、8d细胞的增殖情况。结果:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料和纯壳聚糖能促进骨髓基质细胞在材料表面粘附并保持其在机体内的形态。壳聚糖/明胶共混材料表面的骨髓基质细胞功能活跃。在材料表面和培养板表面培养的骨髓基质细胞均能持续增殖,而壳聚糖/明胶共混材料能显著促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖(P<0.01)。结论:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料保持了壳聚糖的某些生物活性,同时由于加入明胶,能促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖,可作为骨髓基质细胞的载体应用于组织工程。     

壳聚糖—明胶混合膜的制备及其生物降解性研究

将壳聚糖与明胶按一定比例混合制膜，通过体外降解及动物体内实验研究了其降解性和生物相容性，结果表明壳聚糖－明胶混合膜在小鼠体现人降解速度较快，并具有较好的生物相容性，溶菌酶对混合膜的生物降解有促进作用。     

Whey hydrolysate compared with cow's milk-based formula for weaning at about 6 months of age in high allergy-risk infants: effects on atopic disease and sensitization

Ninety-one high atopy-risk infants were prospectively followed up to 18 months of age with regard to the development of allergic/atopic manifestations and sensitization. They were randomized into one of two feeding groups, i.e., a hydrolyzed, ultrafiltered cow's milk whey formula, Profylac® ( n = 32), or an ordinary cow's milk formula ( n = 39), for 12 months, started after exclusive breast-feeding for 0–9 (median 6.0) months. Lactating mothers avoided milk, egg, and fish, as did the infants up to 12 months of age. Twenty of the 91 infants were breast-fed exclusively for more than 9 months and regarded as a control group. All infants were followed-up by questionnaires, physical examinations, skin prick tests, and determination of serum total IgE and cow's milk-specific IgE. The frequency of allergic/atopic disease was similar in the three groups. However, all three infants who developed cow's milk allergy with skin symptoms belonged to the cow's milk formula group. The skin prick test with whey hydrolysate was negative in all, while with cow's milk it was positive in eight infants. Growth was similar in the three groups. The study comprises too few infants to allow us to make statistically based statements. However, the difficulties encountered and the limited effects obtained by the use of whey hydrolysate at weaning at about 6 months of age made us conclude that we can spare high atopy-risk families this extra burden.     

Radioprotective Effect of Whey Hydrolysate Peptides against γ-Radiation-Induced Oxidative Stress in BALB/c Mice

Radiation therapy is widely used in the treatment of tumor diseases, but it can also cause serious damage to the body, so it is necessary to find effective nutritional supplements. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of whey hydrolysate peptides (WHPs) against ⁶⁰Coγ radiation damage in mice and explore the mechanism. BALB/c mice were given WHPs by oral gavage administration for 14 days. Then, some mice underwent a 30-day survival test after 8 Gy radiation, and other mice received 3.5 Gy radiation to analyze the changes in body weight, hematology and bone marrow DNA after three and 14 days. In addition, through further analysis of the level of oxidative stress and intestinal barrier function, the possible mechanism of the radioprotective effect of WHPs was explored. The study found WHPs can prolong survival time, restore body weight, and increase the number of peripheral blood white blood cells and bone marrow DNA content in irradiated mice. In addition, WHPs can significantly improve the antioxidant capacity, inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and protect the intestinal barrier. These results indicate that WHPs have a certain radioprotective effect in mice, and the main mechanism is related to reducing oxidative damage.