全内镜下可视化经椎弓根上切迹入路手术治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的疗效分析

目的:分析全内镜(full-endoscopic,FE)下可视化经椎弓根上切迹入路手术治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的临床疗效。方法:收集2016年6月～2017年12月在我院采用FE下可视化经椎弓根上切迹入路手术治疗的96例腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者的临床资料,其中男性62例,女性34例,年龄38～68岁(51.4±13.3岁);L3/4 8例,L4/562例,L5/S1 26例。术前腰、腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别为0～5(3.8±1.6)、3～7 (5.2±1.0);腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)为38%～65%[(53.0±9.1)%];手术节段侧隐窝角和前后径分别为17.6°±1.4°和2.3±0.2mm。术后完成至少2年随访。记录患者手术时间、术中透视次数、住院时间和围手术期并发症,在术后1周的CT/MRI横断面上测量手术节段侧隐窝角和前后径;术后1周、3个月、1年和末次随访时行下肢痛和腰痛VAS评分、ODI评定,并进行统计学分析;末次随访时参照改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效。结果:患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间55.8±14.6min,术中透视次数7.2±2.5次,住院3.7±1.9d。1例术后出现短暂性神经根麻痹,保守治疗1周内症状消失;6例术后症状残留,4例术后症状未改善。至末次随访时共有6例再次后路行翻修手术。术后侧隐窝角和前后径分别为39.5°±4.2°和6.2±0.4mm,均较术前显著性增加(P0.001)。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间24～32(26.6±5.6个月),术后1周、3个月、1年和末次随访时下肢痛和腰痛VAS评分、ODI均较术前显著性改善(P0.05)。末次随访时改良Macnab标准评定:优32例,良54例,一般6例,差4例,优良率为89.6%。结论:FE下可视化经椎弓根上切迹入路手术治疗腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症安全、有效,能够获得良好的短期临床疗效,但需要严格选择适应证,以免影响术后临床症状改善。     

Which surgery is better for obese patients with lumbar degenerative diseases: open TLIF or Endo-LIF? A retrospective matched case–control study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate short-term clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic posterior lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-LIF) in the treatment of obese patients with lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD).MethodsPatients who underwent single-level lumbar fusion surgery from July 2020 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed in this study. The main inclusion criterion was a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m². A matched case-control design was conducted to compare the short-term outcomes between the Endo-LIF and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in obese patients. Cases were defined as those who underwent Endo-LIF, and controls were matched from those patients with open TLIF according to corresponding matched criteria. Surgeon satisfaction was evaluated by questionnaires at the end of each surgery, patient satisfaction and their willingness to undergo the same surgery again were collected.ResultsTwo groups of patients were successfully completed surgery. In comparison with the open TLIF group, the Endo-LIF group had significantly less blood loss, less time to postoperative ambulation, less postoperative complications and shorter hospitalization days, but longer operation time and x-ray exposure times. The satisfaction of surgeons and patients in Endo-LIF group significantly were superior to open TLIF group.ConclusionEndo-LIF is a safe and effective surgery in the treatment of obese patients. Although this procedure needs longer operation time and x-ray exposure times, it still maybe a promising option for obese patients with LDD.     

Analysis of clinical efficacy of endo-LIF in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases

An innovative concept was proposed to treat the lumbar degenerative diseases with full-endoscopic translaminar lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) and the efficacy was evaluated. A total of 44 patients from January 2017 to October 2018 were enrolled, including 20 patients undergoing full-endoscopic TLIF and 24 patients undergoing standard open TLIF. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Dability Index (ODI) and intervertebral fusion were observed in both groups at the last follow-up. The height and width of intervertebral foramen and height of intervertebral space were evaluated via imaging. Mean follow-up time for all patients 13.2 ± 3.2 months. The average operation time was 184.3 ± 70.6 min in experimental group and 191.1 ± 32.4 min in control group. The amount of bleeding was 38.5 ± 19.5 mL and 214.6 ± 61.6 mL. The VAS score was 4.9 ± 1.0 points in experimental group and 4.8 ± 1.0 points in control group before operation, and 0.8 ± 0.6 points and 0.8 ± 0.7 points at the last follow-up. The ODI was 83.5 ± 7.8% and 87.8 ± 5.9% before operation, and 9.9 ± 3.6% and 9.3 ± 3.7% at the last follow-up. The height and width of intervertebral foramen and height of intervertebral space in both groups were significantly improved (p < 0.05). The fusion rate at the last follow-up were 95% (19 cases) in experimental group and 92% (22 cases) in control group. Full-endoscopic TLIF is feasible in the treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative diseases, which is characterized by small trauma, quick recovery and low cost. However, the large-sample long-term follow-up is needed to further evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.     

经椎间孔入路全内镜下椎体间融合术治疗胸腰段硬性椎间盘突出症的技术要点及临床疗效

【摘要】目的：探讨经椎间孔入路全内镜下椎体间融合术治疗胸腰段硬性椎间盘突出症的技术要点及临床疗效。方法：纳入2018年1月~2021年9月期间我科采用经椎间孔入路全内镜下椎体间融合术治疗的14例（20个节段）胸腰段硬性椎间盘突出症患者,其中男11例,女3例,平均年龄43.3±12.6岁;2例三节段病变,2例双节段病变,10例单节段病变。硬性致压物分类包括：钙化性椎间盘突出3例、骨赘性椎间盘突出6例、不典型休门氏病合并椎间盘突出3例,椎体后缘离断症2例。术前所有患者均表现脊髓或马尾神经症状,其中6例合并神经根性症状。手术先采用局部麻醉下经椎间孔入路全内镜下椎体间融合、突出椎间盘切除减压,继而行全麻下经皮椎弓根螺钉系统置入术。观察术后第2天、3个月、6个月及1年的影像学变化,术后1周、3个月、6个月及术后1年时疼痛症状及功能恢复状况。背痛及神经根性疼痛采用视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）评估,神经学功能评估采用Nurick评分及改良日本骨科学会（mJOA）评分,胸椎功能评价采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）。结果：所有手术均顺利完成,无术中更换手术方式发生。所有患者术后胸腰段MRI及CT检查均显示脊髓或马尾神经减压充分,无致压物残留;术后1年随访时,所有手术节段均获得骨性融合。所有患者术后背痛、神经根性疼痛均明显缓解,脊髓功能明显恢复。术后Nurick评分、mJOA评分及ODI较术前均有显著改善（P<0.01）,且术后1年较术后1周、3个月及6个月均有显著性改善（P<0.01）。mJOA平均恢复率72.5%,优7例、良5例、可2例。有2例术中出现硬脊膜撕裂,未予特殊处理,但随访未见脑脊液漏及假性脊膜膨出发生;无其他手术并发症发生。结论：局部麻醉下经椎间孔入路全内镜下椎体间融合、突出椎间盘切除结合全麻下经皮椎弓根螺钉系统固定术是治疗位于胸腰段脊髓或马尾神经腹侧的硬性椎间盘突出症的安全、有效的微创脊柱外科技术。     

经皮完全内窥镜与显微内窥镜下后路颈椎间孔切开减压术围手术期并发症的Meta分析

目的:系统分析经皮完全内窥镜(full-endoscopic,FE)与显微内窥镜(microendoscopic,MI)下后路颈椎间孔切开减压术(posterior cervical foraminotomy,PCF)治疗神经根型颈椎病围手术期并发症的发生率及特点。方法:计算机检索Pub Med、Embase、Web of Science以及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和万方数据库自建库至2017年10月通过FE-PCF或MI-PCF治疗椎间盘侧方突出或椎间孔狭窄引起的神经根型颈椎病的文献。两名研究人员独立进行文献筛选、质量评价和数据提取,并将相关文献报道的并发症分类汇总。采用Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.2软件进行统计分析,选择发生率作为效应量指标,并计算其95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)。结果:最终纳入28篇文献,共2060例患者;其中FE组410例,MI组1650例。FE组并发症总体发生率为5.7%(CI:3.4%~9.5%),MI组为3.5%(CI:2.7%~4.6%),二者无统计学差异(P=0.100);而并发症的构成比例则明显不同,FE组以短暂性神经根麻痹为主(15/19,78.9%),MI组常见的并发症依次为硬脊膜撕裂(20/48,41.7%)、短暂性神经根麻痹(11/48,22.9%)和浅表伤口感染(5/48,10.4%)。其中,短暂性神经根麻痹的发生率在FE组为4.4%(CI:2.8%~7.1%),显著高于MI组1.6%(CI:1.0%~2.6%),且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.003);硬脊膜撕裂发生率在FE组为1.6%(CI:0.7%~3.8%),MI组为1.8%(CI:1.2%~2.7%),无统计学差异(P=0.784)。结论:FE-PCF与MI-PCF治疗神经根型颈椎病均相对安全,二者间并发症总体发生率基本一致。然而,FE-PCF术后易出现短暂性神经根麻痹,值得广大临床医师关注。     

成人下腰椎神经根与椎板骨窗之间CT容积再现技术成像特点与意义

目的:观察正常成人下腰椎神经根与对应椎板骨窗之间CT容积再现技术(volume rendering technique,VRT)成像的影像学特点,为完全内窥镜下经椎板间隙入路技术的安全应用提供依据.方法:从2011年9月～11月在我院体检人群中选取60例正常成人的下腰椎CT片,男32例,女28例,年龄20～59岁,平均40岁.将64排螺旋CT平扫下腰椎的三维重建数据传至工作站,在多平面重建技术下获得矢状面、冠状面及横断面成像,确定神经根起始点位置,在前后位上以神经根起始点为参照,与对应椎板骨窗之间进行VRT成像,测量以下参数:椎板骨窗的上下径及左右径,神经根起始点与相应椎板骨窗的椎板上缘及上下关节突内侧缘(椎板骨窗的外侧缘)垂直距离,神经根起始点与相应椎弓根上缘垂直距离,神经根与硬膜囊夹角(根囊角),以及神经根起始点至相应椎弓根下缘的直线距离和垂直距离,并进行统计学分析.结果:60例均获得了下腰椎神经根起始点与椎板骨窗对应的清晰图像.根据神经根起始点与椎板骨窗位置对应关系分为四型:即上缘内型、上缘外型、下缘内型和下缘外型.各相邻节段神经根测量参数比较均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),即椎板窗的上下及左右径均逐渐增大,L4～S1的神经根起始点至椎板上缘的距离逐渐增大,与上下关节突内侧缘的距离逐渐增大,根囊角逐渐减小,神经根在椎管内的直线投影距离逐渐增长,神经根起始点至椎弓根上、下缘的距离逐渐增长.结论:VRT技术可快速、直观显示下腰椎神经根与对应椎板骨窗之间的空间关系,能为完全内窥镜下经椎板间隙入路技术应用提供指导.     

椎板间隙成形技术在经椎板间入路完全内窥镜下手术治疗L4/5椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的 :评价椎板间隙成形技术在完全内窥镜(full-endoscopic,FE)下经椎板间入路手术治疗L4/5椎间盘突出症中的应用价值及临床疗效。方法:2013年2月~2013年8月,我院应用FE下经椎板间入路手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者90例,男60例,女30例;年龄22~68岁,平均41.4±13.3岁。其中L4/5椎间盘突出症患者38例(A组),L5/S1椎间盘突出症患者52例(B组)。记录两组患者术前影像学参数、围手术期指标及疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、腰椎Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI),参照改良Mac Nab标准评价临床疗效,并进行统计学分析。结果 :所有患者随访2年以上,平均34.8±4.0个月(25~42个月)。A组患者FE术中均需进行椎板间隙成形技术预处理骨性椎板窗,而B组患者未行椎板间隙成形技术。两组患者术前椎间盘突出类型方面存在显著差异(P0.05),A组患者以肩上型椎间盘突出为主(29/38,76.3%),而B组患者以腋下型椎间盘突出最常见(34/52,65.4%)。除A组在手术时间明显大于B组外(分别为73.1±9.7min和55.2±7.5min,P0.05),两组在住院天数、重返工作时间及并发症发生率方面均无显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后VAS评分、ODI评分均较术前明显改善,末次随访时改良Macnab标准评价优良率分别为84.2%和86.5%,两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:尽管FE下经椎板间入路手术治疗L4/5椎间盘突出症需术中采用椎板间隙成形技术预处理骨性椎板窗而延长手术时间,但仍可以获得与L5/S1节段一致的良好临床疗效,而且并未增加术后神经损伤和腰椎不稳的发生。     

脊柱内镜与开放减压融合术对年轻肥胖腰椎间盘突出症病人的疗效对照研究

目的:评估脊柱内镜下减压手术与开放减压固定融合手术治疗年轻肥胖腰椎间盘突出症病人的中期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2015年1月至2017年6月期间在我院疼痛科及骨科脊柱组确诊为腰椎间盘突出症并接受手术治疗的病人。以年龄18~45岁,BMI≥28 kg/m^2,因腰椎间盘突出症而接受手术治疗为入组标准。根据病人接受术式不同分为内镜组(62例)及开放组(25例)。以术前及术后24个月视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、手术时间、术中出血量、重返工作时间、MacNab评分、术后再手术率作为评价指标,分析两组差异,比较两术式的临床疗效。结果:内镜组62例病人平均年龄(31.2±8.2)岁,平均BMI值为(30.8±3.1)kg/m^2,平均重返工作时间(3.2±6.2)月,平均手术时间(68.5±36.6)分钟,平均出血量(5.1±4.2)ml。MacNab评分结果为优(50例)、良(5例)、可(1例)、差(6例),优良率88.7%。10例术复发再次接受手术(再手术率16.1%);开放组手术25例病人平均年龄(29.8±7.1)岁,平均BMI值为(31.6±3.7)kg/m^2,平均重返工作时间(5.7±4.2)月,平均手术时间(145.8±51.5)分钟,平均出血量(334.0±215.4)ml。MacNab评分结果为优(20例)、良(4例)、可(0例)、差(1例),优良率96.0%。1例术后症状复发接受翻修开放手术(再手术率4%)。两组病人年龄、BMI值和MacNab评分无统计学差异(P>0.05),重返工作时间、术后复发时间、出血量、手术时间有统计学差异(P<0.05),两组术后VAS评分均较术前明显下降。结论:对于年轻肥胖腰椎间盘突出症病人,脊柱内镜手术与开放减压固定融合术治疗均有明显疗效。而脊椎内镜术后出血量少、手术时间与恢复时间更短,病人能更快地重回工作恢复社会角色。此外,脊椎内镜术后二次手术率较开放减压固定融合术较高,推测脊柱内镜术后复发率较开放手术高。