Measuring the Quality of Hospital-based Domestic Violence Programs

OBJECTIVE: To obtain consensus among a panel of experts on performance measures useful for evaluating the quality of hospital-based domestic violence (DV) programs. METHODS: The Delphi process of consensus development was used with a panel of 18 experts including DV researchers, program planners, and advocates. Three rounds were conducted over a period of six months, with each round involving the completion of a written questionnaire. Panelists were instructed to concentrate on structure and process measures of DV program performance. Health outcome measures were not considered. During each round, panelists rated (scale of 1-5) their level of agreement with each measure, in terms of the measure's usefulness for evaluating hospital-based DV programs. Data were entered into SPSS on a personal computer and frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and variance were computed for each measure. Consensus development was defined as a reduction in the item-specific variance from one round to the next. RESULTS: A total of 37 performance measures were agreed upon. These measures fell within nine different domains of DV program activities, including: Policies and Procedures, Hospital Physical Environment, Hospital Cultural Environment, Training of Providers, Screening and Safety Assessment, Documentation, Intervention Services, Evaluation Activities, and Collaboration. CONCLUSIONS: A number of measures have been identified as useful for evaluating hospital-based DV programs. Use of these measures should assist researchers, program planners, and administrators in assessing the quality of hospital-based DV programs.     

Photopatch testing: a consensus methodology for Europe

A group of interested European Contact Dermatologists/Photobiologists met to produce a consensus statement on methodology, test materials and interpretation of photopatch testing. While it is recognized that a range of local variables operate throughout Europe, the underlying purpose of the work is to act as an essential preamble to a Pan European Photopatch Test Study focusing particularly on sunscreen chemicals.     

外科常见腹腔感染多学科诊治专家共识

腹腔感染是临床常见的急危重症之一,其诊治涉及外科、重症医学、感染、检验、临床药学等多个学科,包括局部病灶处置、病原学检测、抗菌药物合理应用及因感染导致的全身各系统异常状况纠正等过程,具有特殊性及复杂性。本共识参考国内外最新进展并结合临床经验,以问题为导向,以循证为基础,对急性阑尾炎、上消化道穿孔、下消化道穿孔、急性胆道感染、肝脓肿、重症急性胰腺炎、胰瘘、胆瘘、吻合口瘘、内镜诊治后消化道穿孔等外科常见腹腔感染的诊断、病原学检测、外科及抗菌药物治疗等临床热点问题进行评述,并根据证据等级提出诊治相关的推荐意见,旨在规范外科常见腹腔感染的诊疗行为,在临床决策、抗菌药物应用等方面为临床医师提供参考及指导,以提高诊治水平并改善患者预后。     

《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》解读

小儿腹泻病是儿童消化系统最常见的疾病,2022年中国中西医结合学会儿科专业委员会制定了《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》。现结合临床实践及最新的研究结果,对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》中小儿腹泻病的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的重点内容进行解读,以期加深医务工作者对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》的认识,促进中西医结合规范化治疗小儿腹泻病。     

肝细胞癌合并胆管癌栓多学科诊治中国专家共识（2020版）

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC;以下简称肝癌)发病率位居全世界常见恶性肿瘤第六位,每年新发病例约74万,近一半在中国。在我国,肝癌相关死亡率仅次于肺癌和胃癌,高居第三位[1-2]。临床上,肝癌多侵犯血管形成血管癌栓,亦可侵犯胆管形成胆管癌栓(bile ducttumor thrombus,BDTT)。文献[3-5]报道,BDTT发生率为0.5%~2.5%。BDTT可沿肝内胆管向肝门部胆管延伸,甚至阻塞胆总管导致黄疸、胆道出血等。其自然病程约为1~3个月[6-7]。     

Distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy: results of a Delphi consensus project

PurposeThe purpose of this study was for an international panel of experts to establish consensus indications for distal rectus femoris surgery in children with cerebral palsy (CP) using a modified Delphi method.MethodsThe panel used a five-level Likert scale to record agreement or disagreement with 33 statements regarding distal rectus femoris surgery. The panel responded to statements regarding general characteristics, clinical indications, computerized gait data, intraoperative techniques and outcome measures. Consensus was defined as at least 80% of responses being in the highest or lowest two of the five Likert ratings, and general agreement as 60% to 79% falling into the highest or lowest two ratings. There was no agreement if neither threshold was reached.ResultsConsensus or general agreement was reached for 17 of 33 statements (52%). There was general consensus that distal rectus femoris surgery is better for stiff knee gait than is proximal rectus femoris release. There was no consensus about whether the results of distal rectus femoris release were comparable to those following distal rectus femoris transfer. Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was an important factor for the panel, with the best outcomes expected in children functioning at GMFCS levels I and II. The panel also reached consensus that they do distal rectus femoris surgery less frequently than earlier in their careers, in large part reflecting the narrowing of indications for this surgery over the last decade.ConclusionThis study can help paediatric orthopaedic surgeons optimize decision-making for, and outcomes of, distal rectus femoris surgery in children with CP.Level of evidenceV