单孔胸腔镜手术在结核性脓胸治疗中的应用

目的探讨单孔胸腔镜手术治疗结核性脓胸的应用价值,并总结相关临床经验。方法回顾性分析我院胸外科2015年1月～2017年12月住院手术治疗的120例结核性脓胸患者。依据纳入、排除的相关标准,在知情同意下将纳入患者随机分为研究组(单孔胸腔镜手术组,60例)和对照组(传统开胸手术组,60例),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、胸腔引流管时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症。结果两组患者围术期均无死亡病例,中转开胸3例,中转开胸率为5%(3/60)。单孔胸腔镜组与传统开胸组相比较,手术时间分别为(88.00±15.77)min、(87.52±15.66)min,术中出血量分别为(236.33±15.16)mL、(443.75±43.69)mL,术后引流量分别为(423.93±41.49)m L、(663.92±16.28)mL,胸腔引流管时间分别为(2.92±0.10)d、(4.35±1.44)d,术后住院时间分别为(11.50±2.51)d、(13.65±2.52)d,两组患者的术中出血量、术后引流量、胸腔引流管时间及术后住院时间相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。比较两组的手术时间,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。单孔胸腔镜组术后并发症的总的发生率为6.67%(4/60),传统开胸组术后并发症的总发生率为13.33%(8/60)。结论单孔胸腔镜手术治疗结核性脓胸创伤小、并发症少、住院时间短,患者恢复快,在临床应用中值得推广。但在临床实际中应根据患者病情合理选择手术方式。     

Cytokines and fibrinolytic enzymes in tuberculous and parapneumonic effusions

Tuberculous (TB) pleurisy and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) are common causes of pleural fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying fibrin deposition may be different since involved inflammatory cells are distinct. In this study, we measured various cytokines and fibrinolytic enzymes and compared the differences between the two effusions. PPE was further divided into noncomplicated PPE and complicated PPE/empyema subgroups. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Significantly higher values of PAI-1, PAI-1/tPA ratio, IL-1beta, IL-8 and MIP-1beta and significantly lower values of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 were observed in PPE/empyema than in TB effusions. Compared to noncomplicated PPE, complicated PPE/empyema had significantly higher levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8 and MIP-1beta. TB pleurisy patients who had higher effusion levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-8 were predisposing to residual pleural thickening. The underlying mechanisms of fibrin formation and deposition between the two effusions studied (PPE/empyema and TB pleurisy) could not be fully explained by the results of the present study. More studies are needed to explore this further.     

44例脓胸的外科治疗

目的：探讨脓胸的治疗方法。方法：根据已出院的44例脓胸患者的治疗资料进行分析。结果：胸腔闭式引流、胸腔灌洗是治疗中不可缺少的手段。结论：在全身治疗的基础上,配合胸腔闭式引流、胸腔灌洗、必要的外科手术可望取得较为理想的治疗结果。     

Huge Amoebic Liver Abscess Presented with Massive Right Empyema: A Case Report

Amoebic liver abscess is a complication of amoebiasis that needs early diagnosis and proper treatment before further complications occur. We report a-35 year old female presented by fever and dyspnea due to huge liver abscess complicated by massive right side empyema. The patient was effectively treated by percutaneous drainage for both the right lobe abscess and empyema together with pharmacologic agents.     

Rapidly progressive sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma of the pleura mimicking pulmonary empyema

Refractory empyema occasionally reflects hidden malignant disease. We presented a rare case of rapidly progressive malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MPM) mimicking empyema. Physicians should be aware of MPM when patients with empyema are refractory to the standard treatment, and PET‐CT may be helpful in establishing a precise diagnosis in such cases.     

电视辅助胸腔镜手术在慢性结核性脓胸治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨电视辅助胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)在慢性结核性脓胸治疗中的应用效果和安全性。方法 回顾性搜集2015年1月至2017年12月西安市胸科医院胸外科治疗的82例慢性结核性脓胸患者的年龄、性别、病程、病变部位等临床资料,并根据患者施行的手术方式分为VATS组(42例)和开胸手术组(40例)。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、拔管时间及并发症发生情况,肺功能恢复状况[主要指标包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV₁)、肺总量(total lung capacity,TLC)],随访2年后的复发情况。结果 VATS组的术中出血量[(284.70±40.47)ml]、术后引流量[(687.40±78.58)ml],均明显低于开胸手术组[分别为(309.90±58.82)ml和(748.00±65.22)ml],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.27和3.79,P值分别为0.03和0.00);VATS组和开胸手术组的手术时间[(130.54±14.95)min vs (135.30±13.09)min]、住院时间[(12.30±2.54)d vs (11.70±2.06)d] 及拔管时间[(6.80±1.32)d vs (6.56±1.03)d]差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为1.53、1.17、0.92,P值分别为0.13、0.25、0.36)。VATS组术后肺功能指标中FVC[(3.41±0.64)L]、FEV₁[(3.45±0.56)L]、TLC[(5.82±0.87)L]与开胸手术组比较[分别为(3.26±0.89)L、(3.34±0.73)L、(5.78±0.35)L],差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.79、0.50、0.26,P值分别为0.43、0.60、0.81)。VATS组术后并发症发生率为11.9%(5/42),明显低于开胸手术组的30.0%(12/40),差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.08,P<0.05)。随访2年后,开胸手术组复发率为5.0%(2/40),VATS组无复发,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=2.15,P=0.14)。结论 对慢性结核性脓胸患者实施VATS,术中出血量、术后引流量及术后并发症发生率低,值得临床推应用。     

老年性脊柱结核的特点及保守治疗疗效观察

目的:探讨老年性脊柱结核的特点及单独应用抗结核药物治疗早期老年脊柱结核的疗效。方法:对2008年1月至2010年7月纳入选择标准的36例经单纯应用抗结核药物行保守治疗的老年性脊柱结核病例进行分析研究,其中男19例,女17例;年龄60～85岁,平均73.5岁。36例患者病灶均处于活跃期,血沉及CRP水平高于正常。治疗方法为联合用药(3HRZE/6-9HRE),疗程9～12个月。随诊通过观察结核症状、化验指标和放射学的影像变化以评价疗效并调整用药,通过视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛程度。结果:36例均获随访,时间8～24个月,平均15个月。其中31例患者化疗9～12个月结核病灶治愈,血沉及CRP恢复正常;4例(对利福平或异烟肼耐药)选用左氧氟沙星、对氨基水杨酸等抗结核药物化疗15个月后痊愈;1例患者结核症状加重,经手术治疗3个月后缓解,血沉及CRP恢复正常。影像学变化:治疗后X线及CT示椎体骨质硬化、融合,未见明显后凸畸形,1例手术患者植骨融合,未见内固定松动。治疗前及末次随访时Cobb角分别为(17.6±2.3)°、(18.1±2.7)°(P>0.05);MRI示椎旁脓肿吸收,椎体炎症消退。VAS评分治疗前为6.5±1.7,末次随访时为1.4±0.5(P<0.05)。7例患者出现药物不良反应,通过暂时停药并配以对症药物治疗后恢复正常。结论:对于早期老年脊柱结核病例,在严格的督导下单纯应用抗结核药物行规范的个体化保守治疗可获得满意的效果。