脑动静脉畸形的供应动脉及导出静脉与出血危险性的关系

本文通过分析５０例脑动静脉畸形（ＡＶＭ）的全脑数字减影血管造影（ＤＳＡ）资料及手术探查结果，探讨ＡＶＭ的深、浅及供血、引流血管数量与出血发生率的关系。经统计比较发现：深部较浅部ＡＶＭ出血率高；供应动脉条数多于导出静脉条数者及仅有单条导出静脉出血率最高，并与其他组有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）。因此，我们认为：在临床工作中对这些ＡＶＭ患者应给予足够的重视。     

The Safety and Efficacy of Using Drainage in Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of not using a drain or placing a drain in the glenohumeral (GH) or subacromial (SA) joint spaces on fluid retention and pain in the early postoperative period and late clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between 2018 and 2020 were included in the study. Before the operation, demographic data, range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Constant–Murley scores has documented. Deltoid muscle diameter (DMD) were measured. The total amount of irrigation used during the surgery and the operation duration were recorded, and the active amount of fluid coming from the drain in patients with a drain was recorded. The first postoperative DMD measure was made in the operating room and accepted as day 0. DMD measurements repeated postoperative first and second day. VAS assessments were performed on the postoperative first and second days. At the outpatient clinic, these measurements were repeated on the first and second weeks after discharge. Functional evaluations were made with ROM and Constant–Murley scores at the final follow-up examination.ResultsThere was no difference in the amount of drainage between the two groups in which a drain was used. When the three groups were compared among themselves regarding preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, Constant–Murley scores, and DMD, no significant difference was found.ConclusionsWe do not recommend the routine use of drains after arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery in terms of cost-effectiveness.Level of evidenceLevel II: Prospective Cohort Study.     

Non-continuous versus continuous wound drainage after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

Purpose

So far, controversy still exists regarding the use of non-continuous or continuous wound drainage after total knee arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of these two drainage techniques after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods

We searched the established electronic literature databases of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and WANFANG. Nine RCTs including a total of 761 patients involving 811 knees were eligible for this meta-analysis.

Results

Our results showed that non-continuous drainage was associated with less haemoglobin loss (WMD,  −0.43, 95 % CI −0.62 to −0.24; P < 0.00001) and postoperative visible blood loss (WMD,  −305.09, 95 % CI −408.10 to −202.08; P < 0.00001) compared with continuous drainage. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of range of motion (WMD, 0.99, 95 % CI −1.01 to 2.98; P = 0.33), incidence of blood transfusion (OR, 0.63, 95 % CI 0.38 to 1.06; P = 0.80) or postoperative complications (OR, 1.09, 95 % CI 0.35 to 3.40; P = 0.89).

Conclusion

The existing evidence indicates that non-continuous drainage can achieve less haemoglobin loss (especially the four- to six-hour drain clamping) and postoperative visible blood loss with no increased risk of postoperative complications compared with continuous drainage.     

全髋关节置换术后引流管不同处理方式的临床比较研究

目的探讨全髋关节置换（THA）术后关节腔引流管不同处理方式在减少术后失血量及恢复髋关节功能方面的临床效果。方法将自2011-03—2012—08首次行单侧THA的105例随机分为3组：实验组暂时夹闭引流管4h（A组,n=34）和6h（B组,n=38）后开放,对照组（C组,n=33）持续引流。记录各组术后8、12、24、48h的切口引流量,术前、术后24h、术后48h血红蛋白含量（Hb）和红细胞压积（Ht）值,异体血输入量,引流管顶端细菌培养,切口并发症发生率以及出院时髋关节功能Harris评分。结果A、B组术后8h切口引流量较C组明显减少（P〈0．05）,但A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;术后12、24、48h3组切口引流量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A、B组术后24、48h的Hb与Ht明显高于C组,异体血输入量明显少于C组（P〈0．05）;但A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组术后出院时Harris评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,引流管顶端细菌培养均为阴性。结论THA术后早期短期夹闭引流管对于减少异体血输入量和切口引流量是一种简单可靠的方法．且早期夹闭4h较6h更具有临床意义。     

Comparison between two methods of drain clamping after total knee arthroplasty

Introduction To study the clinical outcome of two methods of drain clamping after total knee arthroplasty and to determine the effect on blood loss and blood transfusion.Patients and methods A prospective study involving 73 patients, randomized into two groups. Group 1 included patients in whom the drain was clamped for 1 h postoperatively, after which it was released and kept open for 48 h. Group 2 included patients in whom the drain was clamped and released for 10 min every 2 h for 24 h. The drain was removed at 48 h in both groups. Patients demographic details, intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, and haemoglobin values on the preoperative and postoperative days (1, 4, 7, 14) were recorded.Results The mean postoperative drainage in group 1 was 520.65±170 ml, which was significantly higher than that of group 2, 367.62±141.1 ml (p<0.05, Students t-test). The drain charting shows 65% of drainage volume occurs in the first 8 h in both groups. The study suggests a reduction in the incidence of blood transfusion in the 2-hourly groups, although it was not statistically significant. There was a difference in the haemoglobin drop between both groups, but statistically the p value was marginally above 0.05 (p=0.086) and hence not significant.Conclusion The method of 2-hourly clamping of drain and release for 10 min significantly reduces postoperative blood loss, without any added increase of complication, after total knee arthroplasty.     

内外双引流在复杂性肾结石术后的观察与护理

目的：探讨复杂性能结石术后的最佳引流方式及其护理对策。方法：回顾分析比较复杂性肾结石术后内外双引流组26例（双引流组）和内或外单引流组28例（单引流组）的并发症情况。结果：双引流组术后并发症发生率为7.7％，而单引流组则高达35.7％。结论：只要护理得当，复杂性肾结石术后内外双引流明显优于内或外单引流。     

中心静脉导管引流顽固性腹水的护理体会

目的 探讨中心静脉导管在治疗顽固性腹水中的应用和护理方法.方法 采用改良中心静脉导管腹腔内留置进行问断性腹水引流.结果 42例置管均成功.留置时间7-16天.无管道脱出.结论 腹腔留置中心静脉导管能定期、定量引流腹水.且操作简便、安全、有效.减轻了腹水患者痛苦,提高了生存质量.     

Dural injury following elective spine surgery – A prospective analysis of risk factors,management and complications

Incidental dural tears being a familiar complication in spine surgery could result in dreaded postoperative outcomes. Though the literature pertaining to their incidence and management is vast, it is limited by the retrospective study designs and smaller case series. Hence, we performed a prospective study in our institute to determine the incidence, surgical risk factors, complications and surgical outcomes in patients with unintended durotomy during spine surgery over a period of one year. The overall incidence in our study was 2.3% (44/1912). Revision spine surgeries in particular had a higher incidence of 16.6%. The average age of the study population was 51.6 years. The most common intraoperative surgical step associated with dural tear was removal of the lamina, and 50% of the injuries were during usage of kerrison rongeur. The most common location of the tear was paramedian location (20 patients) and the most common size of the tear was about 1 mm-5mm (31 patients). We observed that the dural repair techniques, placement of drain and prolonged post-operative bed rest didnot significantly affect the post-operative outcomes. One patient in our study developed persistent CSF leak, which was treated by subarachnoid lumbar drain placement. No patients developed pseudomeningocele or post-operative neurological worsening or re-exploration for dural repair. Wound complications were noted in 4 patients and treated by debridement and antibiotics. Based on our study, we have proposed a treatment algorithm for the management of dural tears in spine surgery.