脾切除断流术后急性肠系膜静脉血栓形成诊治的陷阱和对策

目的分析脾切除断流术后肠系膜静脉血栓形成诊治的陷阱和对策。方法回顾分析2009年1月至2015年1月收治肠系膜静脉血栓形成病人223例,其中有肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切除贲门周围血管离断手术史病人26例,男性15例,女性11例,平均年龄(51±4)岁,26例病人均有持续性进行性加重的腹痛(。100%),恶心、呕吐21例(80.8%),腹泻18例(69.2%),血便15例(57.7%),肠梗阻21例(80.8%),腹腔血性渗出液22例(84.6%),总结其临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。结果26例病人中,入院时误诊22例,误诊率84.6%,CT确诊12例,剖腹探查手术确诊14例;行抗凝治疗治愈4例,手术切除坏死肠管22例;术后因多器官功能障碍综合征死亡1例。结论脾切除断流术后肠系膜静脉血栓形成症状无特异性,存在诸多陷阱和误区,误诊率高,医生对本病的深刻认识和重视是早期诊断的关键。     

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目的 探讨多种介入治疗与手术联合治疗布加综合征的疗效。方法 1995-2002年收治的15例重症布加综合征，在介入引导下行下腔静脉球囊扩张、支架植入术，2周后加做肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉C形分流术或脾肾分流术及断流术。结果 行该联合术式共15例，术后肝脾肿大缩小，腹水消失或减少。下腔静脉压力降低0．49-1.08kPa(5-11cmH20)。门静脉压力降低0.69-2．35kPa(7-24cmH20)。14例存活，无并发症。1例术后因多器官功能衰竭死亡。结论 新的组合术式扩大了治疗范围，既解除了下腔静脉高压，又降低了门静脉高压，达到了联合减压的目的，有其临床价值。     

完全腹腔镜脾切除断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症的可行性、有效性和安全性.方法 对26例患者行巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,其中16例行完全腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术,10例行传统开腹手术.比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、术后外周血血小板数值及术后住院时间等.结果 腹腔镜组成功完成手术12例,中转开腹4例.腹腔镜组与开腹组平均手术时间分别为(315±77) min和(291±31)min,两组相比差异无统计学意义,t=0.892,P=0.384;术中平均出血量分别为(409±216) ml和(980±402) ml,两组相比差异有统计学意义,t=4.105,P＜0.01;术后并发症发生率分别为17％和30％,两组相比差异无统计学意义,x2=0.064,P=0.525;术后平均住院时间分别为(10±3)d和(17±8)d,两组相比差异有统计学意义,t=2.539,P＜0.01.结论 完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全、可行、有效,具有出血少、痛苦小、术后住院时间短的优点,是一种值得推广的微创手术.     

贲门周围血管断流术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症

目的 评估贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症合并食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的效果.方法 回顾性分析1996年1月至2007年10月间收治的85例肝硬化门静脉高压患者接受贲门周围血管离断术的资料.结果 本组随访率为78％.全组患者术后1、3和5年生存率分别为95％、88％和82％,肝功能Child A级与Child B级患者术后生存时间之间相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),1、3和5年出血率分别为6％、16％和28％,肝性脑病发生率为7％.贲门周围血管离断术后7d时患者丙氨酸转氨酶、天门冬氨酸转氨酶和血清白蛋白已恢复至术前状态.结论 贲门周围血管离断术是治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血的可靠手段,肝功能储备是影响患者术后长期生存的关键因素.     

不同断流术式对门静脉高压症犬胃黏膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的 检测对不同断流术式前后门静脉高压症犬胃黏膜细胞凋亡,观察其对门脉高压性胃病(PHG)影响.方法 将肝硬化门静脉高压症模型犬24条,随机分为A组(传统断流组)、B组(选择性断流组)、C组(吻合器断流组)及D组(对照组),每组6条.分别于术中及术后6个月测自由门静脉压(FPP),取胃组织,采用原位末端脱氧核苷标记法(TUNEL)染色测凋亡指数(AI)及Caspase-3蛋白免疫组织化学染色计算各染色强度细胞评分总和(H值).结果 术后6个月内,A、B、C组FPP均明显下降,其中以B组下降最为明显,其次为C组,最后为A组.术后6个月,A组AI值由术前的(14.68±1.28)%增全(20.22±2.20)%(P＜0.05),H值由术前的56.13±11.75增至113.78±19.80(P＜0.05);B组AI值由术前的(13.63±1.19)%降至(9.98±2.29)%(P＜0.05),H值由术前的59.13±10.07降至22.35±4.75(P＜0.05).C、D组术后6个月与术前比较,AI和H值无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 肝硬化门静脉高压症犬行传统断流术术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡加重,PHG病变程度加剧;选择性断流术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡减轻,PHG病变程度改善;吻合器断流术后胃黏膜细胞凋亡变化无差异,对PHG病变影响不大.     

分流加断流联合手术和断流术对门静脉血流动力学的影响

目的评价近端脾肾分流加门奇断流联合手术和门奇断流术的临床疗效及其对门静脉系统血液动力学的影响。方法联合手术组20例,断流组18例,于术前一周和术后2周应用核磁共振血管造影测量门静脉、脾静脉和肠系膜上静脉的直径、流速及流量,并于术中动态测量门静脉压力。结果于联合手术组,术后较术前的门静脉血流量下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,差异显著(P<0.05),门静脉直径和自由门静脉压下降非常显著(P<0.01)。于断流组,术后较术前的门静脉直径、流量及自由门静脉压下降,肠系膜上静脉流量增加,均有显著差异(P<0.05),肠系膜上静脉直径增加非常显著(P<0.01)。联合手术组与断流组相比,门静脉血流量的减少无显著性差异,而自由门静脉压的下降差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论两种手术皆可减少门静脉血流量,降低门静脉压力,而联合手术降低门静脉压力的效果明显优于断流手术,两组间的门静脉向肝血流的减少无显著性差异。联合手术可结合断流和分流手术的优点,不破坏肝门部解剖,理应成为治疗门静脉高压症合并出血的首选术式。     

门静脉高压症术后再出血的外科治疗

目的 评价外科治疗门静脉高压症术后再出血各种术式的疗效。方法 回顾30年外科治疗门静脉高压373例中术后再出血66斧正临床资料。其中首次手术方式分别有单纯脾切除术、门奇静脉断流术、各类非选择性分流术、联合手术（断流加分流）,术后再出血率分别为26.67%、17.86%、14.58%和4.35%,再手术组55例中食管下段胃底切除42例,肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流（MCS）11例,再断流2例,非手术组11例。结果 食管下段胃底切除组手术死亡率9.52%(4/42),随访平均11年,再出血率9.52%(4.42),脑病发生率14.29%(6/42);再断流组2例术后1个月内死亡;MCS组11例无手术死亡,随访平均7.5年,无再出血,脑病发生率9.09%（1/11）;非手术组11例均为门静脉高压性胃病（PHG）。结论 联合手术能有效减少门静脉高压术后再出血,MCS是目前治疗再出血较理想的手术方式。     

Combined devascularization and proximal splenorenal shunt: is this a better option than either procedure alone?

Background/Purpose We aimed to determine the rationality of pericardial devascularization (PCDV) plus proximal splenorenal shunt (PSRS) for cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension with variceal bleeding, using a duplex sonography study of the effects of the different surgical procedures (PCDV, PSRS, and PCDV + PSRS) on the hemodynamics of the portal system.Methods Ninety-nine patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension and a history of bleeding esophageal varices were studied. These patients were divided into three groups (PSRS group, PCDV group, and PCDV + PSRS group). The hemodynamic parameters of the portal systems of all patients were measured by Doppler color-flow imaging perioperatively.Results In the PSRS group, the postoperative portal venous flow (PVF) and free portal pressure (FPP) decreased by 57 ± 9% and 52 ± 5%, respectively (P < 0.01). In the PCDV group, the postoperative PVF lessened by 8 ± 5% (P > 0.05), and the postoperative FPP was reduced by 19 ± 7% (P < 0.05). In the PCDV + PSRS group, the postoperative PVF and FPP were lowered by 36 ± 8% and 34 ± 10%, respectively (P < 0.05). The postoperative decreases of PVF and FPP in the PCDV + PSRS group were between those of the PSRS and PCDV groups. The differences among these groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions Combined devascularization and splenorenal shunt (PCDV + PSRS) significantly decreases portal venous flow and portal pressure, as well as maintaining hepatopedal flow, thus entailing fewer complications compared to either PCDV or PSRS.     

Modified devascularization surgery for isolated gastric varices assessed by endoscopic ultrasonography

Background This study aimed to assess the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the surgical management of isolated gastric varices (IGV), and to report the authors experience in the treatment of IGV with modified devascularization surgery.Methods In this study, 26 cirrhotic patients with IGV were treated with devascularization surgery for variceal hemorrhage. Preoperatively, percutaneous transhepatic portography (PTP) and EUS were used to determine the mode of therapy for IGV. Fundectomy was performed for 14 patients with fundic IGV, whereas 12 patients with cardiac IGV underwent proximal gastrectomy.Results A significantly higher proportion of patients with cardiac varices showed grade 3 IGV on preoperative EUS than those who had fundic varices (p < 0.05). No major complications were observed during or after the operation, and only one patient died of prolonged shock and massive transfusion. Postoperatively, gastric varices had been eradicated completely in 25 of 26 patients, as determined by EUS study. During a mean follow-up period of 50 months, two patients had recurrent varices without bleeding, as demonstrated by EUS. The overall 5-year survival rate for the fundic IGV group was 67.9%, whereas that for the cardiac IGV group was 64.3% (p > 0.05).Conclusions This study showed that devascularization surgery is highly effective for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from IGV and provides an alternative treatment method. Preoperatively, EUS is very helpful in detailed devascularization of patients with specific IGV, and may be used also for postoperative follow-up evaluation.     

肝硬化门静脉高压症贲门周围血管断流术后近期及远期胃动力的临床研究

目的：探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症贲门周围血管离断术后按期及远期胃动力。方法:选择41例研究对象，均无糖尿病，分5组，分别为正常对照10例，手术对照组6例，术前组10例，术后近期8例（术后2周－6个月），术后远期7例（术后7个月以上）。各组病人行胃电图检查，胃排空时间测定及胃液pH值测定，术后近期组胃排空延迟并有症六者给吗丁啉10mg每日3次餐前30min及10mg睡前口服，1个月后重新行消化道症状评分。结果：术事两组胃电节律紊乱较正常均明显增大，术后两组胃电频率较正常无差异。术后近期组胃液pH值较正常明显升高，术后远期组胃液pH值较正常无差异。术后近期组胃半排空时间较正常明显延长者占80％，有症状者服胃动力药后消化道症状评分明显下降；术后近期组胃半排时间较正常缩短者占20％。断流术后远期组胃半排时间较正常无差异。结论：断流术后近期大多数病人胃排空延迟，胃动力药物可缓解症状。断流术后远期胃排空接近正常。断流术不必常规行幽门成形术。