腹式全子宫切除术不同术式对排便功能影响的探讨

目的:探讨筋膜内和筋膜外全子宫切除术对女性排便功能的影响。方法:76例全子宫切除患者分为筋膜外全切除组(A组)56例,筋膜内全子宫切除组(B组)20例,对两组术后病人的排便次数,难易程度的变化进行分析。结果:76例全子宫切除病人42.1％出现不同程度排便困难,A组52.62%,B组为10%,两组具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:全子宫切除术后可影响女性排便功能,筋膜内全子宫切除术对排便功能影响小,是一种较好手术方式。     

Physiological and behavioral effects of prior aversive stimulation (preshock) in the rat

Physiological and behavioral measures were assessed in rats that had been previously exposed to unsignaled inescapable intense shock (preshock). Animals subjected to such prior aversive stimulation exhibited greater adrenocortical steroid response compared to nonpreshocked controls when subsequently tested in the open field. An increment in defecation was also observed, with ambulation and rearing behavior being markedly inhibited in the preshocked rat during these sessions.     

老年大便失禁患者的综合护理干预

目的探讨老年大便失禁患者的护理方法，改进老年大便失禁患者的护理措施。方法选择96例老年大便失禁患者，随机分为例数相等的观察组与对照组，观察组应用综合护理模式，对照组采用传统护理模式，对两组患者的排便频率及肛周皮肤保持干燥时间进行比较及统计学分析，观察组间是否存在差异。结果应用综合护理模式的观察组排便频率明显低于应用传统经验护理模式的对照组，且肛周皮肤保持干燥时间明显较长，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论综合护理模式应用于老年大便失禁患者，可显著提高患者生活质量，值得临床推广应用。     

Pelvic Nerve Stimulation Evokes Nitric Oxide Mediated Distal Rectal Relaxation in Pigs

Purpose  Pelvic nerve stimulation evokes a complex motility response in the pig rectum with a proximal decrease and a distal increase in cross-sectional area. This study investigated whether the distal increase in the cross-sectional area is because of smooth muscle relaxation mediated by nitric oxide. Methods  The pelvic nerves were stimulated with cuff electrodes in ten chloralose-anesthetized minipigs. Pressure, volume, and cross-sectional areas at five positions in the rectum were obtained during stimulation to examine the effect of N^G-nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) injection. Results  Stimulation evoked a median pressure decrease of 13 cm H₂O (range, 0–27; P < 0.05; n = 10) in the anal canal, a pressure increase of 6 cm H₂O (range,-15 to 30; P < 0.05; n = 10) in the rectum and a decrease of 39 mL (range, 30–63; P < 0.05; n = 6) in rectal volume. Rectal cross-sectional areas decreased 33 percent (range, 5–56; P < 0.02; n = 7) in the proximal part and increased 32 percent (range, 9–67; P < 0.02; n = 8) in the distal part. N^G-nitro-L-arginine eliminated the increase in the distal rectal cross-sectional area (n = 5) and the decrease in anal canal pressure (n = 9) in all tested animals. Conclusion  Pelvic nerve stimulation evokes distal rectal relaxation in pigs, sensitive to N^G-nitro-L-arginine, which suggests that this smooth muscle response is mediated by nitric oxide. This work was supported by grants from the Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark Reprints are not available.     

改良腹腔镜辅助Duhamel结肠次全切除术治疗长段型先天性巨结肠症

目的探讨改良腹腔镜辅助Duhamel结肠次全切除术治疗长段型先天性巨结肠症(Hirschsprung disease,HD)的并发症和疗效。方法回顾分析2010年3月~2014年1月12例长段型HD资料,男7例,女5例,中位年龄8月(5月~6岁)。其中移行区位于降结肠近端8例,横结肠2例,结肠肝曲1例,升结肠1例。7例行结肠造瘘。手术主要改良之处:经肛门齿状线上方直肠后壁切口将结肠拖出至肛门外,用Endo-GIA肛门外切断并封闭,保留直肠残端4~5 cm。然后结合Deloyer技术将升结肠拖下与原直肠后壁端侧吻合,再将Endo-GIA切缝器两肢分别放入原直肠和新直肠,切开两段肠管间隔并行侧侧吻合。观察术中术后并发症及排便功能。结果 12例均在腹腔镜辅助下完成次全结肠切除升结肠Duhamel拖出术,平均手术时间170 min(125~240 min),未出现术中并发症,无吻合口漏。4例诉肛周疼痛,1例术后5天便血,保守治疗治愈。大便频率2周以内4~15次/天,恢复到正常排便频率(1~2次/天)时间平均3.5月(2.2~5个月)。平均随访时间32个月(3~46个月),2例术后小肠结肠炎,1例早期有便秘症状,均保守治疗治愈。无闸门综合征和粪石发生,无大便失禁。结论改良腹腔镜辅助Duhamel结肠次全切除术治疗长段型HD安全有效,排便频率恢复正常快。肛门外处理直肠盲端简单可靠,腹壁创伤小。     

Study of the Rectal Electric Activity of the Uninhibited Rectal Detrusor (Overactive Rectum): A New Concept of Pathogenesis

Abstract

Background/Objective: One of the causes of fecal incontinence is uninhibited rectal detrusor syndrome (URDS). Patients with this condition either perceived the first rectal sensation after the onset of involuntary rectal contraction or not at all. We investigated the hypothesis that the abnormal rectal contractility in URDS may be caused by deranged rectal electric activity.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with URD (14 women and 11 men; age, 44.7 ± 10.3 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (6 women and 4 men; age, 42.8 ± 8.7 years) were studied. URDS was diagnosed by rectometry and provocative test. A transcutaneous EMG was performed with one electrode placed lateral to each sacroiliac joint and the third one midway between the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. Two 20- minute recording sessions were performed for each subject.

Results: Slow waves (SWs) with regular rhythm and similar parameters (frequency, amplitude, conduction velocity) from the 3 electrodes were recorded from the healthy volunteers. They showed a significant increase in the parameters on saline filling of the rectum. The SWs of patients with URDS exhibited a “dysrhythmic” pattern with irregular parameters, which were different in the 3 electrodes and inconsistent during recording. They showed areas of tachyrhythmia, bradyrhythmia, and arrhythmia. On provoking rectal overactivity, the SWs showed an increased dysrhythmic activity.

Conclusions: The patients with URD exhibited a “dysrhythmic” electric pattern with areas of variable electric activity. The tachyrhythmic areas seem to initiate the urgency and fecal incontinence of URDS. It is suggested that a disordered rectosigmoid pacemaker causes the dysrhythmic waves.     

排便技术训练对功能性便秘患者临床症状及肛管直肠功能的影响

目的：探讨排便技术训练对功能性便秘患者临床症状及肛管直肠功能的影响。方法选取本院2010年3月~2012年2月收治的36例功能性便秘患者作为对照组,给予常规综合干预措施。选取本院2012年3月~2014年2月收治的40例功能性便秘患者作为研究组,在对照组的基础上给排便技术训练方案。比较两组干预前后的肛管直肠压力、直肠感觉功能及排便基本情况。结果研究组干预后的肛管静息压、肛门最大收缩压、用力排便时直肠压力显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组干预后的直肠初始感觉容量、直肠初始便意感觉容量、排便窘迫容量及直肠最大耐受容量显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组干预后的便秘症状评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论排便技术训练方案在功能性便秘患者中的应用效果显著,能有效改善患者的直肠肛管受损程度,并促进正常排便,减轻不良症状。     

再造回肠储粪袋对全结肠切除术后排便的影响

为观察人工再造回肠储粪袋对结肠慢传输型便秘全结肠切除术后排便的影响,将48例结肠慢传输型便秘患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组24例采用全结肠切除后回肠末端造J型储粪袋后与直肠吻合治疗,对照组24例不造人工储粪袋。观察两组患者术后的排便情况。结果显示,试验组较对照组大便不成形例数、水样便例数、排便次数明显减少（P〈0．05）。结果表明,人工储粪袋对结肠慢传输型便秘患者全结肠切除术后排便影响很大,可以明显减少长期腹泻情况,提高患者的生活质量。