尿β_2-MG对2型糖尿病亚临床糖尿病肾病诊断价值的探讨

目的:探讨尿β_2-MG对2型糖尿病(DM)亚临床糖尿病肾病(DN)的诊断价值。方法:对尿常规、血尿素氨 (BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)正常的63例2型DM患者(亚临床DN组)分别进行血、β_2-MG和尿Alb放射免疫测定(RIA)。 结果:剔除3例血β_2-MG>4.5mg/L患者后分析发现,亚临床DN组尿β_2-MG、Alb显著高于正常对照组(P<0. 001);尿Alb阳性率与尿β_2-MG阳性率无显著性差异(P>0.05);尿β_2-MG与尿Alb检测结果显著正相关(r=0. 495,n=60,P<0.001)。结论:DN时肾小球、肾小管均易受损,且存在着密切的正相关关系,尿β_2-MG是诊断早期 DN的一项重要指标,与Alb联合检测,可以提高DN的早期诊断率,并能对DN时肾小球和肾小管受损的部位及程 度作出判断。     

糖尿病肾病中医分型肾脏叶间动脉彩色多普勒超声分析

借助彩色多普勒频谱图,对糖尿病肾病患者肾脏叶间动脉血流参数进行分析,探讨该病中医分型的客观指标。方法：选择糖尿病肾病３５例,将其分为气阴两虚及阴阳两虚组,于每位患者双肾叶间动脉测量：收缩期峰值血流速度（ＶＳ）、舒张期末血流速度（ＶＤ）、平均血流速度（ＭＳ）、搏动指数（ＰＩ）、阻力指数（ＲＩ）。结果：气阴两虚组ＰＩ、ＲＩ值明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,阴阳两虚组ＰＩ、ＲＩ明显高于气阴两虚组（Ｐ＜０．０５）;阴阳两虚组ＶＤ值高于气阴两虚组及正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;气阴两虚组与正常组比较无统计学差异。结论：糖尿病肾病气阴两虚及阴阳两虚组中ＰＩ及ＲＩ,可以作为糖尿病肾病中医分型的客观指标。     

中药复方对实验性2型糖尿病肾病肾组织内皮素及其受体基因表达的影响

目的:观察中药复方、苯那普利对2型实验性糖尿病肾病(DN)肾组织内皮素及其受体基因表达的影响。揭示中药复方治疗2型DN机理。方法:建立2型链脲菌素DN模型,以中药复方、苯那普利干预。比较Upro,Glu,HbAlC变化,检测(RT-PCR)肾皮质ET-1,ETA-R的mRNA表达水平,分析肾组织病理学特征。结果:对Up-ro,Glu,HbAlC改善作用,中药复方、苯那普利与生理盐水差异有显著性;对Glu,HbAlC改善作用,中药复方与苯那普利差异有显著性;DN模型鼠肾皮质ET-1,ETA-R的mRNA表达水平增加,经中药复方、苯那普利干预,其表达过高水平下调,但仍高于正常对照。对肾小球系膜、系膜细胞增殖的影响,中药复方优于苯那普利。结论:ET参与DN发病机制;中药复方、苯那普利都能从ET及其受体基因转录水平上影响其表达量;中药复方不仅能减少DN尿白蛋白,而且还能改善血糖、糖化血红蛋白,抑制蛋白非酶糖化,抑制肾小球系膜、系膜细胞增殖。     

MR动态增强扫描对小肝癌的诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨MR动态增强扫描的扫描技术及对小肝癌的诊断价值。方法 搜集25例本室经动态增强扫描诊为“小肝癌”，且随访资料完整的病例进行分析，其中22例经病理、1例经DSA证实。增强前后T1W1常规采用FL2D屏气扫描序列或采用反相位的T1W1-FL2D屏气扫描序列，也可采用T1-TFL序列行增强前后扫描。结果 26个已确诊为小肝癌的病灶行增强扫描，动脉晚期24个与平扫相比均不同程度强化，门静脉期大多数病灶与动脉期相比信号衰减，有5个病灶周围可见线状包膜强化；延时至平衡期扫描所有病灶信号较动脉期均衰减，病灶边缘强化的假包膜更为明显。结论 (1)用MR动态增强扫描能动态观察小结节肝动脉和门静脉的供血情况，对小肝癌的定性起关键作用。(2)从退交结节(DN)到小肝癌(SHCC)是一个渐变的过程，有时退交结节与小肝癌的MR影像表现重叠，难以鉴别。(3)动态增强扫描小肝癌的包膜显示较有特征性。(4)动态增强扫描较平扫能提高病灶的检出率及定性准确率。(5)我们选用的序列各有优缺点。     

糖尿病肾病患者空腹血糖及糖化血红蛋白水平控制研究

目的 探讨糖尿病未并发糖尿病肾病患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平。方法运用回顾性调查的方法进行糖尿病肾病的资料收集，数据在非条件Logistic回归分析的基础上，利用回归方程对糖尿病肾病患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白控制水平进行研究。结果根据糖尿病肾病发生的不同概率、尿微量白蛋白及血肌酐水平的空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白阈值，认为空腹血糖6．8mmol／L是预防糖尿病肾病发生的参考值，6．0mmol／L是严格控制糖尿病肾病发生的空腹血糖值；糖化血红蛋白5．9％是预防糖尿病肾病发生的参考值，5．3％是严格控制糖尿病肾病发生的糖化血红蛋白值。结论随着发生糖尿病肾病概率P值的降低及尿微量白蛋白、血肌酐水平的逐渐增高，应对空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白阈值加以严格控制，并控制在较低的水平。     

Derailed B cell homeostasis in patients with mixed connective tissue disease

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder, characterized by the presence of antibodies to U1-RNP protein. We aimed to determine phenotypic abnormalities of peripheral B cell subsets in MCTD. Blood samples were obtained from 46 MCTD patients, and 20 controls. Using anti-CD19, anti-CD27, anti-IgD and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, the following B cell subsets were identified by flow cytometry: (1) transitional B cells (CD19 + CD27-IgD + CD38^high); (2) naive B cells (CD19 + CD27-IgD + CD38^low); (3) non-switched memory B cells (CD19 + CD27 + IgD+); (4) switched memory B cells (CD19 + CD27 + IgD-); (5) double negative (DN) memory B cells (CD19 + CD27-IgD-) and (6) plasma cells (CD19 + CD27^highIgD-). The proportion of transitional B cells, naive B cells and DN B lymphocytes was higher in MCTD than in controls. The DN B cells were positive for CD95 surface marker. This memory B cells population showed a close correlation with disease activity. The number of plasma cells was also increased, and there was an association between the number of plasma cells and the anti-U1RNP levels. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and corticosteroid treatment decreased the number of DN and CD27^high B cells. In conclusion, several abnormalities were found in the peripheral B-cell subsets in MCTD, which reinforces the role of derailed humoral autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis.     

Treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction

Remarkable advances have been made in the management of cardiac disease in the last 20 years, but antiarrhythmic drug strategy in the acute phase of myocardial infarction remains less than satisfactory. Primary ventricular fibrillation (VF), once considered predictable on the basis of detection of “warning arrhythmias,” cannot be anticipated. Management must be either expectant or prophylactic. Restriction of drug use to selected patients and the apparent lack of effect of VF on late prognosis argue for the former approach, yet safe and effective prevention of VF is an attractive therapeutic goal. High-dose intravenous lidocaine probably offers efficacy but the risk-benefit ratio of this regimen is still debated. Adoption of a prophylactic regimen mandates drug administration to a large number of patients who either are not at risk of developing VF (noninfarct patients) or who are destined not to develop VF (70 to 95% of infarct patients). Ventricular arrhythmias other than VF are common in acute infarction and, for emotional rather than scientific reasons, often are aggressively treated. Little evidence exists to support this management. Few ventricular arrhythmias at this time in infarction have either immediate importance or prognostic significance. Reevaluation of antiarrhythmic drug use and arrhythmia treatment in acute myocardial infarction is long overdue. However, there is a paucity of controlled data upon which to base new strategies, and clinical research in this field is hampered by ethical considerations, by rigidly held but unscientifically based beliefs and by a lack of fundamental knowledge of arrhythmia mechanisms and their significance.     

2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素分析

目的　探讨 2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关危险因素。方法　应用多因素逐步回归的分析方法对 68例糖尿病肾病 (DN)患者有关危险因素 (病程、血压、血糖、胰岛素、C 肽、血脂 )进行分析。结果　DN组与非DN组比较 ,血压、血糖、胰岛素明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,多元回归分析显示 ,与DN相关的危险因素为舒张压、空腹及餐后血糖、空腹胰岛素和病程等。结论　DN的发生与高血压、高血糖、高胰岛素血症、病程相关