髋臼转位截骨(TAO)治疗DDH继发早期OA

目的　介绍一种治疗髋臼发育不良并早期骨性关节炎的髋臼转位截骨术并评价其结果。方法　 4 3例髋关节发育不良 (DDH)并发骨关节病 (OA) ,全部病人实施了髋臼转位截骨术。结果　术后平均 12个月 (10～ 17个月 )随访 ,术后 Harris评分 93分 (85～ 10 0分 ) ,平均增加 2 5分 ,两者比较有显著性差异 ;术后 CE角 2 0°～ 2 8°,平均 2 4°,两者比较有显著性差异 ;术后髋臼指数 37°～ 4 8°,平均 4 5°,两者比较有显著性差异 ;术后 AHI81% (75 %～ 98% ) ,两者比较有显著性差异。结论　髋臼转位截骨术是治疗髋关节发育不良 ( 型 )并发骨关节病 ( 期 )有效的方法     

Short-term outcomes of treatment in children presenting with DDH in walking age - An analysis of 84 hips

BackgroundDevelopmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) presenting at walking age is not uncommon, particularly in developing countries. The available treatment modalities in this age group are closed reduction (CR), open reduction (OR), OR with additional femoral and/or pelvic osteotomy. This study was done in patients who presented between 12 and 36 months of age to assess the following: 1) Percentage of hips amenable for successful CR, 2) failure rate after CR and OR in walking age DDH and 3) the need for secondary procedures to address subluxation and residual dysplasia within first 2 years.Methodology: After IRB approval, the institutional database was searched for patients admitted with a diagnosis of DDH from January 2009 to January 2019. We identified 142 patients, of which 65 patients with 84 hips formed the study cohort after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic details, details of the interventions, brace wear, revision procedures and radiological data were collected from Hospital Information System. We divided the patients in three groups: Group I - CR, Group II –OR, and Group III - OR with an additional bony procedure in the form of femoral and/or pelvic osteotomy.ResultsThe mean age at presentation was 20.1 months. We had 10 (11.9%) hips in group I, 39 (46.4%) hips in group II and 35 (41.6%) hips in group III. The mean follow-up was 44.8 months (24–132 months). In Group I, 5 (50%) had re-dislocation and 2 (20%) needed revision intervention for residual dysplasia. In Group II, 4 (10%) had re-dislocation and 4 (10%) needed revision intervention. In Group III, 5 (14.2%) hips needed revision intervention for residual dysplasia. The mean final AI was 24.6°in Group I, 28.2° in Group II and 26.3°in Group III. There was no significant difference in the final AI between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAn attempted closed reduction has a 50% failure rate, and we recommend a low threshold for open reduction. There is a 10% rate of re-dislocation following open reduction with or without additional bony procedure. About 50% of the dysplastic hips treated without pelvic osteotomy at the time of index procedure fail to remodel and have residual acetabular dysplasia.     

The lateral edge and sourcil acetabular indices for surgical decision-making in developmental dysplasia of the hip

PurposeThe acetabular index (AI) is a radiographic measure that guides surgical decision-making in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Two AI measurement methods are described; to the lateral edge of the acetabulum (AI-L) and to the lateral edge of the sourcil (AI-S). The purpose of this study was to determine the level of agreement between AI-L and AI-S on the diagnosis and degree of acetabular dysplasia in DDH.MethodsA total of 35 patients treated for DDH with Pavlik harness were identified. The AI-L and AI-S were measured on radiographs (70 hips) at two and five years of age. AI-L and AI-S were then transformed relative to published normative data (tAI-L and tAI-S). Bland-Altman plots, linear regression and heat mapping were used to evaluate the agreement between tAI-L and tAI-S.ResultsThere was poor agreement between tAI-S and tAI-L on the Bland-Altman plots with wide limits of agreement and no proportional bias. The two AI measurements were in agreement as to the presence and severity of dysplasia in only 63% of hips at two years of age and 81% at five years of age, leaving the remaining hips classified as various combinations of normal, mildly and severely dysplastic.ConclusionAI-L and AI-S have poor agreement on the presence or degree of acetabular dysplasia in DDH and cannot be used interchangeably. Clinicians are cautioned to prudently evaluate both measures of AI in surgical decision-making.Level of evidenceI     

Genetic Predisposition to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

BackgroundThe etiopathogenesis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has not been clarified. This systematic review evaluated current literature concerning all known chromosomes, loci, genes, and their polymorphisms that have been associated or not with the prevalence and severity of DDH.MethodsFollowing the established methodology of Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2019.ResultsForty-five studies were finally included. The majority of genetic studies were candidate gene association studies assessing Chinese populations with moderate methodological quality. Among the most frequently studied are the first, third, 12th,17th, and 20th chromosomes. No gene was firmly associated with DDH phenotype. Studies from different populations often report conflicting results on the same single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP rs143384 of GDF5 gene on chromosome 20 demonstrated the most robust relationship with DDH phenotype in association studies. The highest odds of coinheritance in linkage studies have been reported for regions of chromosome 3 and 13. Five SNPs have been associated with the severity of DDH. Animal model studies validating previous human findings provided suggestive evidence of an inducing role of mutations of the GDF5, CX3CR1, and TENM3 genes in DDH etiopathogenesis.ConclusionDDH is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic causes. However, no firm correlation between genotype and DDH phenotype currently exists. Systematic genome evaluation in studies with larger sample size, better methodological quality, and assessment of DDH patients is necessary to clarify the DDH heredity. The role of next-generation sequencing techniques is promising.     

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH): diagnosis and treatment

This article describes the definition, investigation, imaging and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). There is controversy in what constitutes physiological or pathological DDH. The results of hip screening programmes are disappointing. DDH may be diagnosed by clinical, sonographic or radiological means. The clinical diagnosis is confirmed by sonographic imaging (in the first months of life). Late presenting pathological DDH (>6 months of age) is usually diagnosed by an X-ray(s) of the pelvis. The majority of pathological DDH cases are female and unilateral, with the left hip joint being involved more commonly. Dysplasia, subluxation and dislocation of the hip joint may be associated with the development of premature osteoarthrosis in adults. The majority of neonatal hip joint instabilities and sonographic hip dysplasia spontaneously resolve without treatment. Persistent hip joint instability is initially treated with bracing/splintage, the majority resolving without further additional treatment. Some early presenting probable irreducible hip dislocations can be treated by manipulation under anaesthetic, hip arthrography plus the application of a hip spica. If this procedure fails, if it is not technically possible or if the dislocation presents ‘late’, more invasive surgery with open reduction of the hip joint and reconstructive surgery to the pelvis or femur may be necessary.     

Closed vs open reduction in developmental dysplasia of the hip: The short-term effect on acetabular remodeling

BackgroundThis study aims to assess acetabular remodeling following closed vs, open hip reduction in children younger than 2 years of age.MethodsRecords of children with DDH, who underwent closed or open reduction, were reviewed. Acetabular index (AI) was measured on radiographs taken prior to reduction and on outcome radiographs taken at age 4 years. Radiographic outcomes were analyzed and residual dysplasia (outcome AI ≥ 30) degrees recorded.Results42 hips had closed reduction; and 26 hips had open reduction. A higher percentage of hips treated with successful closed reduction, had outcome AI ≥ 30° (29% vs. 19% p = 0.387). Residual dysplasia was more common in IHDI-IV hips than IHDI-III hips for both groups. A higher incidence of AVN was seen in the open reduction group (13% vs. 7%; p = 0.43).ConclusionIn children with DDH under the age of two, open reduction with capsulorrhaphy may benefit acetabular remodeling more so than closed reduction despite maintenance of reduction. Although AVN remains a risk, higher remodeling might be expected with open reduction.     

2009-2012年北京市2118例发育性髋关节发育不良筛查工作中体格检查的可靠性分析

目的 探讨体格检查在发育性髋关节发育不良(DDH)筛查工作中作为诊断依据的可靠性.方法 2 118例就诊于北京儿童医院DDH筛查门诊的患儿纳入本研究,所有病例经过病史采集,体格检查以及影像学检查后做出确定诊断,分析体格检查、病史与DDH的关联,评估体格检查结果作为初筛转诊的依据是否可靠.结果 2 118例患儿中,年龄＜6个月组DDH患儿126例,6个月～1岁组DDH患儿50例;＞1岁组DDH患儿10例.体格检查最常见的为双下肢皮纹不对称,其次主要有双髋外展不对称、双髋外展受限、双下肢不等长、髋关节外展弹响.3个年龄组中,体格检查阳性与最终确诊DDH存在一致性(P＜ 0.05).结论 体格检查结果作为DDH筛查工作的诊断依据是可靠的,但最终诊断需要根据患儿病史、体格检查、影像学检查结果综合判断.     

儿童发育性髋脱位术后吸收热的监测及临床意义

目的了解和掌握儿童发育性髋脱位术后吸收热的特点,为医疗诊治和护理提供依据,同时避免患儿家长产生不安情绪。方法对儿童发育性髋脱位的患儿进行术后连续7d3个时间段的体温监测,同时记录患儿的个人一般状况和相关资料,经计算机软件处理及非参数统计检验进行分析。结果儿童发育性髋脱位术后吸收热与传统的吸收热比较,不仅体温高,而且持续时间长,高峰值在术后第2天下午;患儿体重和年龄因素与吸收热有显著的相关性;季节和性别因素与吸收热未见有相关性。结论科学分析专科疾病的特殊症状,能够保证专科疾病诊治效果及促进专科护理的发展,提高患方对专科医疗、护理技术水平的认可度,促进患者康复。     

Cellular and epigenetic features of a young healthy and a young osteoarthritic cartilage compared with aged control and OA cartilage

Osteoarthritis (OA) is generally a disease of the elderly population, but can occur in young patients in exceptional cases. This study compares the cellular and epigenetic features of primary old‐age OA with those of secondary OA in a 23‐year‐old patient with developmental dysplasia of the hip. In addition, control cartilage from a 14‐year‐old was compared with that from patients with a fracture of the neck of femur (#NOF) to establish to what extent the latter is a useful control for OA. Articular cartilage was obtained from discarded femoral heads after hip arthroplasty. MMP‐3, MMP‐9, MMP‐13, and ADAMTS‐4 were immunolocalized and the methylation status of specific promoter CpG sites was determined. Both primary and secondary OA were characterized by loss of aggrecan, formation of clones, and abnormal expression of the proteases that correlated with epigenetic DNA demethylation. The latter indicated that the abnormal expression of the cartilage‐degrading proteases was not due to a short‐term up‐regulation, but a heritable, permanent alteration in gene expression. Comparing cell densities in young and old control cartilage estimated an age‐related cell loss of ∼1% per year. In aged #NOF cartilage, some superficial‐zone chondrocytes expressed the proteases, but the majority of cells were immunonegative and their promoters were hypermethylated. The cellular and epigenetic features of the intermediate and deep zones of #NOF cartilage are thus similar to those of young healthy cartilage, justifying the use of #NOF cartilage as control cartilage for OA, providing the superficial zone is removed. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 593–601, 2009