Ablative surgery for necrotizing pancreatitis.

We have confirmed again that bile and trypsin injected in dogs under high pressure produce highly lethal necrotizing pancreatitis responsive to fluid resuscitation. Animals undergoing pancreatectomy show a reduction in serum amylase levels and hemoconcentration (reflected in hematocrit levels) after pancreatectomy, an effect that may be related to removal of the source of vasoactive substances liberated in pancreatitis. Qualitatively, survivors of pancreatectomy exhibit accelerated convalescence. Pancreatectomy, however, does not increase survival once the disease process is established and may be harmful. This experimental study does not support the clinical use of pancretectomy but rather emphasizes the utility of adequate fluid resuscitation in the treatment of severe pancreatitis.     

Preoperative prophylactic cephalothin fails to control septic complications of colorectal operations: results of controlled clinical trial. A Veterans Administration cooperative study.

Data obtained from a survey of the membership of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract and the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons indicated that concomitant administration of oral neomycin-erythromycin base and systemic cephalothin, together with mechanical colon cleansing, was the most popular method of colon preparation. We designed a prospective double blind clinical trial to compare administration of intravenous cephalothin, oral neomycin-erythromycin base, and the combination of both the intravenous and oral antibiotics. Intake of patients to the intravenous cephalothin group was stopped because the data indicated that this method of prophylaxis resulted in significantly higher numbers of septic complications. The incidence of wound infection was 30 per cent and the overall incidence of septic complications was 39 per cent in patients receiving only intravenous cephalothin combined with mechanical colon cleansing. The incidence of wound infection and the overall incidence of septic complications was only 6 per cent in the comparison group, and the differences are highly significant.     

Glucagon,gastric inhibitory polypeptide and the gastrocolic response

Serosal bipolar electrodes and strain gauge force transducers were placed on the right and left colon in subhuman primates to record spike discharges and circular muscular contractions. The effect of glucagon on colonic motor and electrical activity were studied before and after meals. Serum concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide was measured simultaneously 15 minutes before and 45 minutes after eating. Serum levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide increased in response to eating; pre- and postcibal concentrations were not altered by glucagon. The gastrocolic response of the colon to eating was demonstrated. Glucagon inhibited the intrinsic activity of the entire colon before meals and partly inhibited the right colon after meals. Postcibal left colon activity was not inhibited by glucagon. This indicates that a distinct mechanism accounts for the left colonic postcibal increase in contractile and electrical spike activity. A neural or humoral mechanism is implicated but is not specifically identified.     

一种新的FGA基因无义突变导致遗传性无纤维蛋白原血症

目的　对 1例遗传性无纤维蛋白原血症患者及其家系成员进行基因分析,探讨遗传性无纤维蛋白原血症发病的分子机制。方法　凝血酶法与免疫比浊法测定血浆纤维蛋白原 (Fg)含量,提取先证者及其家系成员外周血基因组DNA,PCR法扩增其Fg的FGA、FGB和FGG基因所有外显子和侧翼序列,DNA序列分析Fg的基因异常。将先证者突变序列、家系成员和 50名正常人相应序列的PCR产物用限制性内切酶RsaⅠ消化,以进一步确定基因突变位点并排除基因多态性。结果　用Clauss法检测不到先证者及其父亲的血浆Fg,用免疫比浊法测定时,Fg含量均<0. 02g/L。两人FGA基因外显子 4第 3108位核苷酸发生C→T纯合性改变,使Fg的Aα链第 150位密码子 (CAG,编码Gln)突变为终止密码TAG。先证者及其父亲的FGA基因外显子 4和侧翼序列的PCR产物,不能被RsaⅠ酶切,其母亲及部分家系成员的PCR产物被部分酶切,而正常人和该家系中的 5个成员的PCR产物可被完全酶切。结论　FGA基因(外显子 4)Q150X无义突变导致该家系先证者及其父亲遗传性无Fg血症,家系中部分成员为携带者,此突变是一种国际上尚未报道的新的突变类型。     

Electromotor feeding responses of primate ileum and colon

Serosal bipolar electrodes to record spike discharges and strain gauge force transducers to record circular muscle contractions were placed in pairs on the terminal ileum, cecum, right colon at the ileocecal valve, ascending colon, and proximal transverse colon of sixteen primates. After an overnight fast, electromotor responses to continued fasting or to ingestion of a meal (randomized order) were recorded in awake animals.Feeding led to increased spike discharges and increased frequency of muscle contractions at all sites. The onset of these responses usually was within 6 minutes after feeding; the responses increased progressively during 30 to 45 minutes and then remained more or less at a constant plateau of increased activity. Atropine completely blocked the postcibal responses of ileum and proximal colon for up to 30 minutes.Transit time data of labeled meals excluded direct stimulation by a food bolus as the mechanism of the observed postcibal colonic response. The pattern of response was consistent with humoral mediation.     

Serosal onlay repair of common duct stricture

Repair of experimental stricture of the common bile duct was carried out by applying a patch of jejunal serosa to the reopened common bile duct. The method was successful in restoring patency of the biliary system. Liver function test results returned to normal limits postoperatively and deposition of periportal fibrous tissue did not progress. Histologic examination of the serosal patch repairs demonstrated regeneration of normal biliary epithelium over the serosa.