生物化学与细胞生物学课程整合的探讨

为了适应新世纪教学内容和课程体系改革的要求,我校借鉴美国哈佛大学医学院的经验,将生物化学与细胞生物学两门课程整合为“细胞的化学与生物学”。整合后在减少两个学科间重复内容、增加学科间联系、减少学时、早期接触临床、培养学生分析解决问题的能力、创新能力等方面有了很大改进,为这两门课程的改革开辟了新途径。     

Cytogenetic analysis in human breast tumors

Cytogenetic analysis using C-, G-, and Ag-nucleolus organizer region (NOR) staining techniques, performed on established cell lines as well as directly processed breast tumor effusions, revealed that: 1) chromosome No. 1 is involved in translocation; 2) based on 1q translocation chromosome, breast tumors could be classified into two groups; and 3) double minutes and homogeneously staining regions may be present in breast tumor cells in vivo as well as in vitro, and that homogeneously staining regions may exhibit some heterogeneity in staining.     

Chromosomal changes in bovine papillomavirus type 1-induced Syrian hamster tumors

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) induced fibrosarcomas in the Syrian hamster were studied cytogenetically by G- and C-banding techniques. All tumor derived cells showed chromosome abnormalities that remained stable during serial tumor transplantations. Cells without chromosome abnormalities found in two cultures were derived from the host animals on account of heterochromatin polymorphisms. In most tumors pseudodiploid cells prevailed, some cells were hypodiploid lacking one or two chromosomes, and one tumor showed two hyperdiploid cell clones with one and three additional chromosomes, respectively. Some of the chromosome abnormalities apparently are nonrandom. Three chromosomes (#1, #4, and #15) were most frequently involved in aberrations.     

Sequence of centromere separation: Occurrence,possible significance,and control

This review describes the existence of a phenomenon, sequential separation of centromeres, in mitotic cells of various species including both animals and plants. Critical observations at metaanaphase show that the centromeres of chromosomes in a given genome do not separate into two sister units randomly, but that there is a genetically controlled, nonrandom, species-specific sequence which is independent of the length of the chromosome or the position of the centromere. A stricter control appears to exist for late-separating than for early-separating chromosomes. At early stages of metaanaphase several chromosomes initiate onset of separation simultaneously or in rapid succession, but late-separating chromosomes are better defined in their sequential position. The effect of Colcemid on the sequence of separation is minimal. It is proposed that aneuploidy in humans and other organisms may result from out-of-phase separation of a given chromosome. With the exception of chromosome No. 16, it appears that very early- or very late-separating centromeres are involved in human trisomies more often than those in between.Perhaps one function of centromeric heterochromatin is the control of centromere separation. The amount of such chromatin shows a positive correlation with the timing of separation of the centromeres. Superimposed upon this quantitative influence is the qualitative aspect, as discussed for various genomes. This suggestion explains a lack of extremely large quantities of heterochromatin near the centromere. Its existence in the form of homogeneously staining regions distal to the centromere, as in some cancer cells or in sex chromosomes, seemingly has no influence on the separation of centromeres.A brief discussion of centromere separation errors in human disease is provided, and suggestions for further studies are made.     

PIK3C3与SMAD4在胰腺癌中的表达及作用

背景与目的 III型磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PIK3C3）及SMAD家族成员4（SMAD4）参与的信号通路与胰腺癌（PAAD）关系密切,但两者与PAAD发生及预后是否有关尚不十分清楚。本研究初步探究两者在PAAD中的表达及其对患者预后的影响。方法 利用UALCAN在线网站分析PIK3C3 mRNA和SMAD4 mRNA在PAAD中的表达及两者各自对PAAD患者预后的影响;从TCGA数据库下载PAAD患者PIK3C3 mRNA和SMAD4 mRNA的表达数据和相应临床病理资料,基于PIK3C3和SMAD4联合的mRNA表达水平,用一致性聚类分析将PAAD患者分为两个聚类,用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验及Kaplan-Meier法分析两个聚类患者PIK3C3与SMAD4的mRNA表达模式、临床病理因素和总体生存率的差异;用免疫组化的方法检测PAAD和癌旁组织组织芯片中PIK3C3及SMAD4蛋白表达水平,并用独立样本t检验及ROC曲线下面积（AUC）评估两个蛋白在癌和癌旁组织中的差异;采用Kaplan-Meier的方法分析PIK3C3和SMAD4的蛋白水平单独及联合对PAAD患者生存的影响。结果 分析结果表明,PIK3C3 mRNA或SMAD4 mRNA水平在PAAD中均无明显变化,并且两者单独均不影响PAAD患者的预后（均P>0.05）。PAAD中与PIK3C3 mRNA与SMAD4 mRNA具有较高的共表达相关性。两个聚类的PAAD患者之间,两基因的mRNA水平及年龄有明显差异（均P<0.05）,其中,PIK3C3 mRNA及SMAD4 mRNA均高表达聚类的PAAD患者预后较好（P=0.006）。PAAD组织中PIK3C3和SMAD4的蛋白表达水平均明显低于癌旁组织（均P<0.001）,AUC分别为0.7417及0.7991。PIK3C3和SMAD4蛋白之一阳性患者比两蛋白均阴性的患者预后更好（P=0.0359）。结论 PIK3C3和SMAD4蛋白可作为PAAD潜在的诊断标志物,PIK3C3和SMAD4联合分析可成为PAAD患者预后评估的新指标。     

预测结直肠癌预后免疫相关基因对标志模型的构建及验证

背景与目的:结直肠癌(CRC)是一种诊断较晚、预后较差的侵袭性疾病.越来越多的证据表明CRC与免疫标志之间存在密切的相关性.本研究旨在建立用以预测CRC患者预后的免疫相关基因对(IRGP)标志.方法:从TCGA和GEO数据库下载CRC患者的基因表达谱及临床信息,分为一个训练数据集(TCGA-COAD)和一个验证数据集(...