Marchiafava-Bignami disease treated by mianserin hydrochloride in short-term evaluated by neuropsychological analysis

Since 1903, Marchiafava‐Bignami disease has been recognized as a rare syndrome with focal demyelination and necrosis in the corpus callosum, which is usually found in chronic alcoholics. It extends into the neighboring white matter and occasionally as far as the subcortical regions. We report a Japanese patient with Marchiafava‐Bignami disease associated with alcohol abuse, who had traveled around Western Europe, North America and China for more than 30 years. As he suffered extreme delirium in the early stages we administered a low dose (10 mg) of mianserin hydrochloride. He was very irritable and uncooperative on admission, after 20 days his delirium had disappeared and his temper had become very calm and mild. After 40 days, his intelligence level increased substantially as measured by various neuropsychological tests.     

联合断流术治疗食管静脉曲张出血的临床研究及远期疗效观察

自1981年1月以来,行联合断流术治疗门脉高压症食管静脉曲张出血102例,手术死亡率为6.9%。随访1～8年的生存率为85.7%,食管静脉曲张减轻或消失者为90%,未发现肝性脑病症状。远期死亡9例(14.3%),再出血4例(6.3%)。资料表明,这种手术既阻断了胃外又阻断了胃壁内的门-奇静脉交通血流,止血效果肯定而持久。由于未降低门静脉压力,故有利于维持肝脏的血流灌注。肝功能状况是决定治疗效果的主要因素。文章提出了选择手术适应证的条件。     

门静脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的：探讨门静脉高压症术后门静血栓形成(Portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析我院2006年1月至2010年12月行门体断流术的153例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,所有患者根据门静脉是否形成血栓分为两组,对患者年龄、性别、术前有无呕血、手术时间、术中失血量、门静脉直径、术前及术后门静脉血流速度、血小板计数、凝血酶原时间等相关因素进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：门静脉高压症患者术后PVT率为18.30%(28/153),与无血栓组比较,血栓组患者术中失血量明显多于无血栓组(P＜0.05),门静脉直径增宽明显(P＜0.05),门静脉血流速度显著下降(P＜0.05),血小板计数显著增多(P＜0.05)。多因素分析显示门静脉直径、术后门静脉血流速度是PVT的独立危险因素。结论：门静脉直径增宽和门静脉血流速度降低是门体断流术后PVT的主要原因。     

免装置手助腹腔镜脾切除门奇静脉断流术(附29例报告)

目的探讨免装置手助腹腔镜脾切除门奇静脉断流术的手术技术和可行性。方法采用免装置手助腹腔镜行脾切除门奇断流术29例。结果1例中转开腹手术,28例手术成功。手术时间70～300min,平均135min。术中出血50～1500mL,平均270mL。切除脾重500～1300g,平均810g。术后住院时间5～16d,平均9.2d。手助切口愈合良好,3例出现并发症,无手术死亡。结论免装置手助腹腔镜行脾切除门奇断流术不但安全可行,而且具有微创手术的优点,疗效满意。     

Game theoretical mapping of white matter contributions to visuospatial attention in stroke patients with hemineglect

White matter bundles linking gray matter nodes are key anatomical players to fully characterize associations between brain systems and cognitive functions. Here we used a multivariate lesion inference approach grounded in coalitional game theory (multiperturbation Shapley value analysis, MSA) to infer causal contributions of white matter bundles to visuospatial orienting of attention. Our work is based on the characterization of the lesion patterns of 25 right hemisphere stroke patients and the causal analysis of their impact on three neuropsychological tasks: line bisection, letter cancellation, and bells cancellation. We report that, out of the 11 white matter bundles included in our MSA coalitions, the optic radiations, the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus and the anterior cingulum were the only tracts to display task‐invariant contributions (positive, positive, and negative, respectively) to the tasks. We also report task‐dependent influences for the branches of the superior longitudinal fasciculus and the posterior cingulum. By extending prior findings to white matter tracts linking key gray matter nodes, we further characterize from a network perspective the anatomical basis of visual and attentional orienting processes. The knowledge about interactions patterns mediated by white matter tracts linking cortical nodes of attention orienting networks, consolidated by further studies, may help develop and customize brain stimulation approaches for the rehabilitation of visuospatial neglect.     

开放与经腹膜后腹腔镜行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术的疗效评价

目的评价开放与经腹膜后腹腔镜行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术的临床价值。方法将26例开放行肾蒂淋巴管结扎术患者的临床资料与32例经腹膜后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术患者的临床资料进行比较,统计分析两种术式在手术时间、术中出血量、术后镇痛、术后住院天数、术后恢复工作时间、拔管时间等的差别。结果所有手术均获成功。两组手术时间分别为(145.77±3.85)min和(99.78±4.86)min;术中出血量分别为(32.89±4.11)mL和(13.47±2.36)mL;术后镇痛分别占88.46%和0.94%;术后住院天数分别为(9.08±0.25)d和(7.19±0.29)d,术后恢复工作时间分别为(29.23±1.54)d和(19.66±1.08)d。两组比较差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。两组在拔管时间上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经腹膜后腹腔镜肾蒂淋巴管结扎术具有创伤小、手术时间短、术中出血少、淋巴管结扎彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,已成为现代肾蒂淋巴管结扎术治疗的的最佳选择。     

脾动脉结扎联合胃左血管离断术对原发肝癌合并门脉高压症治疗的临床价值

目的：探讨脾动脉结扎联合胃左血管离断术对原发肝癌合并门静脉高压症治疗的临床治疗价值。方法设置排除标准,回顾分析48例原发性肝癌合并门脉高压症患者,其中行单纯肝癌切除＋胃左血管离断术26例（肝癌切除组）;行肝癌切除＋胃左血管离断＋脾动脉结扎术22例（脾动脉结扎组）,比较两组术后血小板计数变化、门静脉血栓发生率,术后两年内肝癌复发率及上消化道出血发生率。结果术前两组基本资料及术后并发症无统计学意义,单纯肝癌切除组两年肿瘤复发率（61.5%）明显高于脾动脉结扎组（13.6%）、单纯肝癌切除组上消化道出血发生率（34.6%）显著高于脾动脉结扎组（9.1%）,两者之间差异均有统计学意义。单纯肝癌切除组门静脉血栓发生率（11.5%）略高于脾动脉结扎组门静脉血栓发生率（9.1%）,两者之间差异无统计学意义。结论脾动脉结扎联合胃左血管离断治疗合并门静脉高压症的原发性肝癌,不增加门静脉血栓发生率,且降低肿瘤复发率及上消化道出血发生率;患者长期能否获益可能还需要进一步的更大量的随访研究。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术的可行性. 方法 肝硬化并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血及脾功能亢进12例,在手助腹腔镜下采用超声刀分离脾周韧带,Endo-Cutter切断脾蒂,袋装取出;按开腹手术的要求分离切断胃底、食管下段6～8 cm范围内所有曲张血管. 结果 10 例顺利完成手助腹腔镜脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术,2 例因术中大出血中转开腹手术.10例成功者手术时间2.5～5 h,平均3.4 h,术中出血量100～500 ml,平均250 ml.1例因术后腹腔内出血开腹手术止血,其余病人无其他并发症.10例随访0.5～2年,平均1.5年,4例死于肝功能衰竭,6例1年左右再次出现上消化道出血,6例于1年左右出现上消化道出血,均为小量出血,胃镜检查显示出血原因3例为门脉高压性胃病,1例为胃溃疡,2例食管曲张静脉破裂,均经内科保守治疗缓解. 结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术切实可行.     

胼胝体分离综合征神经心理学特征的诊疗流程及应用

目的:本研究拟通过标准的诊断流程,分析胼胝体分离综合征(CDS)的神经心理学特征,为临床诊疗提供客观依据。方法:回顾性分析8例CDS患者的病因、神经心理学表现及影像学特点。结果:影像学提示患者均为缺血性卒中,病灶均累及胼胝体,其中膝部6例、体部8例、压部4例;患者均伴有认知障碍,MoCA评分为(19.00±4.11),均26分;神经心理学表现复杂多样,评估显示偏瘫(8/8例)、异己手综合征(8/8例)、失语症(3/8例)、触觉失认(4/8例)、失用症(5/8例)、失读症(4/8例)、失写症(4/8例)、偏侧忽略(3/8例)、精神障碍(4/8例)。结论:CDS临床表现和神经心理学特征复杂多变,标准的评估流程有助于明确诊断,为临床诊疗提供可靠依据。