萎缩胸腺内网状上皮细胞的形态学观察

104例尸检萎缩胸腺组织,用PAP法进行抗角蛋白多克隆抗体检测及组织学观察,发现61例病理性重度萎缩胸腺中,网状上皮细胞有4种分布类型①正常分布,②小叶中心集中分布,③小叶内平均分布,④消减型.7例生理性萎缩胸腺,均为消减型.胸腺网状上皮细胞形态有具细长突起(皮质)及短突起(髓质)2型.萎缩胸腺内有60.7%呈网状上皮增生,尤以髓质区明显.有12例胸腺组织行扫描电镜观察,见胸腺重度萎缩呈疏网型、蜂巢型及消减型序列发生.     

脾萎缩伴暴发性肺炎球菌败血症

本文报告1例脾萎缩伴暴发性肺炎球菌败血症、脑膜炎、播散性血管内凝血(DIC)及华-弗氏综合征。血培养分离出肺炎球菌。尸体解剖发现脾萎缩、双侧肾上腺出血及坏死。显微镜检查有肺炎、脑膜炎、DIC及华-弗氏综合征的组织学证据。对本病的发病机理和防治进行讨论     

Intestinal microvillous atrophy in a patient with Down syndrome and aganglionic megacolon

Intestinal microvillous disorders are an uncommon cause of severe diarrhea, with very poor prognosis. The authors report the case of a female infant with Down syndrome, aganglionic megacolon, severe diarrhea, and jejunal biopsy with ultrastructural changes consistent with microvillous atrophy. The patient condition improved after a colostomy performed in the setting of the treatment of Hirschprung disease.     

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori heals atrophic corpus gastritis caused by long-term treatment with omeprazole

 Long-term treatment with proton pump inhibitors in patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis can lead to atrophic changes in the corpus mucosa. What is still unclear, however, is whether this atrophy can regress in response to Helicobacter pylori eradication. We report on a male patient with Helicobacter pylori gastritis receiving long-term treatment (4 years) with omeprazole for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, who developed autoaggressive gastritis with progressive atrophy, hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinaemia and nodular ECL-cell hyperplasia. To determine whether these changes might be induced to regress, Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy was administered. Ten months after Helicobacter pylori eradication autoaggressive lymphocytic infiltrates were no longer detectable, and the glands in the corpus mucosa had normalised despite continued treatment with omeprazole – a finding that was confirmed at two further follow-up surveys performed at 6-month intervals. This case report shows that atrophy of the corpus mucosa developing under long-term treatment with a proton pump inhibitor can be cured by eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Received: 21 April 1998 / Accepted: 10 August 1998     

Personalized volumetric assessment of lower body muscles in patients with knee injuries: A descriptive case series

BackgroundPatients with knee joint pathology present with variable muscular responses across the muscles of the lower limb and pelvis. Conventional approaches to characterizing muscle function are limited to gross strength assessments that may overlook subtle changes both in the thigh, hip and shank musculature.PurposeTo describe individualized patterns of lower extremity muscle volumes in patients with knee pathologies.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series performed in a University medical center. Nine patients diagnosed with meniscus tear recommended to undergo meniscectomy volunteered. Participants underwent 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lower extremities. Thirty-five MRI-derived muscle volumes were compared between limbs and expressed as percentage asymmetry. For additional context, z-scores were also calculated for mass- and height-normalized muscles and pre-determined muscle groupings relative to a normative database.ResultsThere were no consistent patterns observed when considering between-limb asymmetries among all patients. The ankle musculature (dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, and invertors) was the only muscle group to be consistently smaller than normal for all patients, with the psoas major and flexor hallucis longus being the only individual muscles. The severity or chronicity of injury and presence of surgical intervention did not appear to have a clear effect on muscle volumes.ConclusionPatients with a history of meniscal pathology demonstrate inconsistent patterns of lower extremity muscle volumes about the hip, knee, and ankle between limbs and in comparison to uninjured individuals. These data support the need for individualized assessment and intervention in this population.     

慢性低氧大鼠肾上腺皮质球状带的变化

将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠喂养在逐渐降低的常压低氧条件下，用氮气和空气的混合气体调节氧含量。氧浓度由正常逐步降低为１５％、１２％、１０％、８％，最后降至７％，实验共进行１１２ｄ，结果显示低氧动物体重下降，肾上腺重量减少，肾上腺皮质球状带萎缩，脂质丢失，球状带细胞线粒体肿胀和空泡变性，溶酶体增多，表明在慢性常压低氧中，当吸入气氧含量降至７％时，可导致肾上腺皮质球状带细胞超微结构改变，从而影响醛固酮的合成与分     

人工组织神经移植物修复狗缺损坐骨神经后腓肠肌的形态观察

目的 了解复合型医用可降解材料制成的人工组织神经移植物辅加神经再生素修复狗坐骨神经缺损后，腓肠肌的形态变化。方法 将人工组织神经移植物连接在狗的坐骨神经缺损30mm处。以自体神经桥接和神经缺损的狗为对照组Ⅰ和Ⅱ。术后6个月时取腓肠肌进行称重、特殊染色和组织化学染色，显微镜下了解腓肠肌的形态变化并进行图像定量分析，同时了解肌纤维的超微结构变化。结果 术后6个月，实验组腓肠肌的萎缩形态指标变化均轻于对照组Ⅱ，而与对照组Ⅰ相似。结论 经人工组织神经移植物修复缺损的坐骨神经后，使腓肠肌又重新获得神经支配，肌肉萎缩明显减轻。     

Effect of peripheral axotomy on the fine structure and histochemistry of the Rolando substance: Degenerative atrophy of central processes of pseudounipolar cells

Summary Disappearence of fluorid-resistant acid phosphatase activity from the ipsilateral Rolando substance after transection of the peripheral nerve, is shown to be due to the cessation of enzyme supply from dorsal root ganglion cells to their central terminals. This is accompanied by (or ensues in consequence of) a fine structural derangement of these terminals (degenerative atrophy). Fine structural alterations of axon terminals undergoing degenerative atrophy, though similar to some extent to those seen during early phases of a Wallerian degeneration, are markedly different. Also myelinated nerve fibers, both in the dorsal horn and in dorsal columns, are affected by degenerative atrophy. This important, new trophical feature of sensory ganglion cells suggests a delicate metabolic balance between peripheral and central axonal branches of bipolar (pseudounipolar) cells. Degenerative atrophy raises serious implications in evaluating hodological experiments based upon Wallerian degeneration and offers new perspectives for theoretical and clinical neurology.     

原发性视神经萎缩的视网膜电图明视负向反应研究

目的:研究原发性视神经萎缩的视网膜电图(ERG)明视负向反应(PhNR)变化特点,并进行PhNR与视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFLT)、视野平均缺损值(MD)、杯盘比(C/D)的相关性研究,探索PhNR在原发性视神经萎缩的诊断及视神经节细胞功能评价中的作用。方法:选取正常健康者20例20只眼和原发性视神经萎缩的患者18例20只眼。分别对两组进行ERG、视野、眼底照相和OCT检查,比较两组视网膜电图PhNR振幅,并将原发性视神经萎缩组的PhNR振幅分别与MD、C/D和RNFLT进行相关性分析。结果:原发性视神经萎缩组和对照组的ERG中暗视反应、最大反应、30Hz震荡电位的振幅差异无显著性意义,视神经萎缩组明视反应a波和b波振幅差异也没有显著性意义,但原发性视神经萎缩组的PhNR振幅比对照组明显下降(P<0.01),而且PhNR的振幅与视神经损伤情况如RNFLT(r=0.665)、MD(r=0.564)、杯盘比(r=0.686)等相关(均为P<0.01)。结论:原发性视神经萎缩眼视网膜电图PhNR振幅明显下降甚至消失,PhNR可用于原发性视神经萎缩的诊断和神经节细胞及其轴突功能的评价。